Table 5.
Studies on the prevalence of HPV among immunocompromised individuals.
| Article | Year | Reason for Immune Compromise | Number of Women Included/Material | Mean Age (Years) | Number of Women Positive for hrHPV | Most Common hrHPV Subtype |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fairley et al. [10] | 1994 | RTRs | 69/biopsy | Not stated | 15 (22%) 1 | Genotyping not performed |
| Morrison et al. [11] | 1996 | RTRs | 21/lavage | 43.9 | 1 (5%) 1 | Genotyping not performed |
| Brown et al. [12] | 2000 | RTRs with lower genital tract neoplasms | 20/biopsy specimens of 16 RTRs | 42 | 11/20 (55%) | Detection of types 16 and 18 only |
| Seshadri et al. [13] | 2001 | RTRs | 42/biopsy | Not stated | 17 (40.5%) 2 | PCR performed only for type 16 |
| Paternoster et al. [14] | 2008 | RTRs, LTRs, R–PTRs | 151/cervical smear | 40 | 15.23% 3
35% 4 |
Type 18 (n = 5) |
| Veroux et al. [15] | 2009 | RTRs | 35/cervical smear | 47 (HPV positive) | 13 (37.1%) 3
17 (48.6%) 4 |
Type 16 (n = 11, 31.4%) |
| Origoni et al. [16] | 2011 | RTRs, R–PTRs | 48/cervical smear | 38 | 10.5–27.7% (over 10 years of observation) | ---- |
| Pietrzaket al. [9] | 2012 | RTRs | 60/cervical smear | 37 | 11 (18.3%) | ---- |
| Meeuwiset al. [17] | 2015 | RTRs | 218/cervicovaginal self-sample | 55.4 | 38 (17.4%) | Type 16 (n = 9, 4.1%), Type 51 (n = 9, 4.1%) Type 66 (n = 7, 3.1%) |
| Adebamowo et al. [18] | 2017 | HIV+ | 427 (at baseline) 321 (after 6 months)/cervical smear | 38 | 124 (29%) at baseline; 51 (15.9%) after 6 months | Type 52 (8.9% at baseline/5.5% after 6 months) Type 35 (7.0% at baseline/4.4% after 6 months) |
| Hinten et al. [19] | 2017 | RTRs | 65/cervicovaginal self-sample | 50 (median) | 31% (SPF10-LiPA25 system)/19% (COBAS 4800) | Not stated |
| Cistjakovs et al. [20] | 2018 | RTRs | 43/vaginal swabs | 48 (median) | 24% at 2 weeks 26% at 6 months, 36% at 1 year | Type 18 (33%) |
| Roensbo et al. [21] | 2018 | RTRs, BMTRs | 60/cervical smear | 55.5 | 15% (29.4%- BMTRs, 9.3% RTRs) | Type 45 (3.3%) |
HRV—human papillomavirus, hrHPV—high risk human papillomavirus, RTRs—renal transplant recipients, PCR—polymerase chain reaction, LTRs—liver transplant recipients, R–PTRs—renal and pancreas transplant recipients, HIV+—human immunodeficiency virus positive women, BMTRs—bone marrow transplant recipients; 1 Genotyping not performed; 2 PCR performed only for HPV 16; 3 As stated in the article; 4 Types regarded as hrHPV in 2020.