Figure 5.

Rap1 promotes tumor progression via disruption of E-cadherin-mediated cell adhesion. Rap1 activation leads to the reduction in E-cadherin expression, resulting in the loss of epithelial cell–cell adhesive junctions and contact inhibition of proliferation. During the restoration of Rap1GAP expression in tumor cells, Rap1 will be inactivated and thus inhibiting tumor progression. ↑ indicates upregulation of the pathway while ↓ indicates downregulation of the pathway.