Table 5.

The effect of endothelial cells characteristics on CD4+ T cells migration in AD.

Characteristics	Component	Function
Low structural integrity	Reduction in the expression of TJ proteins, occludin, claudin5, and ZO1	Reduce restriction of CD4+ T cells paracellular infiltration
Low structural integrity	Reduction in B catenein expression	Reduce adhesion between endothelial cells
Low transcytosis rates of macromolecules reducing CD4+ T cells proliferation	GLUT1	Reducing restriction of CD4+ T cells proliferation
Increase adhesion molecules	ICAM1 and VCAM1	Increase CD4+ T cells adhesion to the endothelial cells layer