. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 May 1.

Published in final edited form as: J Educ Psychol. 2019 Aug 5;112(4):718–734. doi: 10.1037/edu0000400

Table 4.

Standardized Parameters for the Cohort Sequential Latent Growth Curve Models in Reading and Math

		Grade 1–2			Grade 2–3			Grade 3–4			Grade 4–5
		β	SE	p	β	SE	p	β	SE	p	β	SE	p
Reading intercept	Reading quartile	.79	.02	^***	.92	.01	^***	.92	.02	^***	.96	.01	^***
	Math quartile	.11	.02	^***	ns	--	--	.04	.02	.08	ns	--	--
	Gender	.05	.02	^**	.01	.01	.09	ns	--	--	ns	--	--
	Ethnicity	−.03	.02	.08	ns	--	--	ns	--	--	ns	--	--
	SES	ns	--	--	ns	--	--	.04	.01	^**	.06	.03	^*
Reading slope	Reading quartile	−.26	.07	^***	−.33	.04	^***	−.26	.05	^***	−.10	.05	^*
	Math quartile	.34	.04	^***	.25	.04	^***	.19	.04	^***	.24	.04	^***
	Gender	ns	--	--	ns	--	--	ns	--	--	ns	--	--
	Ethnicity	−.13	.03	^***	−.10	.03	^***	−.07	.03	^**	−.08	.03	^***
	SES	−.22	.03	^***	−.12	.02	^***	−.18	.04	^***	−.19	.05	^***
Math intercept	Reading quartile	.14	.02	^***	.05	.02	^***	.10	.01	^***	ns	--	--
	Math quartile	.88	.02	^***	.92	.02	^***	.88	.02	^***	.95	.01	^***
	Gender	ns	--	--	ns	--	--	−.03	.01	^**	ns	--	--
	Ethnicity	ns	--	--	ns	--	--	ns	--	--	ns	--	--
	SES	ns	--	--	ns	--	--	−.03	.01	^**	ns	--	--
Math slope	Reading quartile	.20	.04	^***	.24	.05	^***	.15	.03	^***	.41	.04	^***
	Math quartile	−.76	.05	^***	−.79	.05	^***	−.61	.03	^***	−.60	.07	^***
	Gender	−.12	.02	^***	−.07	.03	^*	ns	--	--	−.13	.03	^***
	Ethnicity	−.17	.03	^***	−.10	.02	^***	−.06	.03	^*	−.06	.03	^*
	SES	−.20	.04	^***	−.09	.03	^**	ns	--	--	−.10	.03	^***
Co-variances	Reading slope/intercept	−.18	.07	ns	−.51	.05	^***	−.55	.06	^***	−.45	.08	^***
Co-variances	Math slope/intercept	ns	--	--	−.28	.13	^*	−.39	.10	^***	−.44	.11	^***

p < .05;

^**

p ≤ .01;

^***

p ≤ .001; paths where p ≥ .10 were dropped from model