Table 1.

Isolated Compounds from Hypoglycemic Mexican plants.

Plant/Family/Part	Isolated Compounds	Ref.
Acacia angustissima (Mill.) Kuntze (Fabaceae)/Pods.	Protocatechuic acid (1); catechin (2); ρ-coumaric acid (3).	[12]
Acourtia thurberi (A.Gray) Reveal & R.M.King (Asteraceae)/Roots.	Perezone (4); α-pipitzol (5); β-pipitzol (6); 8-β-d-glucopyranosyloxy-4-methoxy-5-methyl-coumarin (7).	[13]
Acosmium panamense (Benth.) Yacolev (Fabaceae)/Roots.	Desmethylyangonine (8); desmethylangonine-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (9); desmethylangonine-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (10).	[14,15]
Agarista mexicana (Hemsl.) Judd. (Ericaceae)/Bark.	12-Ursene (11); 23,24-dimethyl-24-ethyl-stigmast-25-ene (12).	[16,17]
Ageratina petiolaris (Moc. & Sessé ex DC.) R. M. King & H. Rob (Asteraceae)/Aerial parts.	Chlorogenic acid (13); L-chiro-inositol (14); 2α-iso-valeroyloxyeperuic acid (15); benzyl-2-hydroxy-6-methoxybenzoate (16); benzyl-2,6-dimethoxybenzoate (17); 3-methoxybenzyl 2,6-dimethoxybenzoate (18); benzyl-2-hydroxy-3,6-dimethoxybenzoate (19).	[18,19]
Annona cherimola Mill (Annonaceae)/Leaves.	Rutin (20).	[20]
Anoda cristata (L.) Schltdl. (Malvaceae)/Aerial.	Acacetin (21); diosmetin (22).	[21]
Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt (Asteraceae)/Aerial.	Eupatilin (23); jaceosidin (24); arglanin (25); salvinine (26); 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid (27).	[22]
Arracacia tolucensis (Kunth) Hemsl. (Apiaceae)/Aerial.	(S)-(+)-4′-O-angeloylvisamminol (28); praeruptorin A (29).	[23]
Brickellia veronicaefolia (Khunt) Gray (Asteraceae)/Aerial.	5,7,3′-Trihydroxy-3,6,4′-trimethoxyflavone (30).	[24,25]
Bromelia karatas (L) (Bromeliaceae)/Aerial.	β-Sitosterol-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (31); ρ-coumaric acid (3); cirsiliol-4′-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (32); stigmasterol (33); β-sitosterol (34); 1-O-feruloyl-3-O-ρ-coumaroylglycerol (35); β-d-(1-O-acetyl-3,6-O-trans-diferuloyl)-fructofuranosyl-α-d-2′,4′,6′-O-triacetyl-glucopyranoside (36); 1-O-ρ-coumaroyl-3-O-caffeoylglycerol (37); 2-propyl-β-d-glucopyranoside (38).	[19,26,27]
Calea oliveri B.L.Rob. & Greenm (Asteraceae)/Aerial.	6-Acetyl-5-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-2H-chromene (39); 6-hydroxyacetyl-5-hydroxy-2,2-dimethyl-2H-chromene (40); 6-acetyl-5-hydroxy-2-methyl-2-hydroxymethyl-2H-chromene (41); caleins A (42) and C (43); genkwanin (44); isorhamnetin (45); kaempferol (46); quercetin (47); herniarin (48); scoparone (49); 4′,7-dimethylapigenin (50); curcumene (51); spathulenol (52); caryophyllene oxide (53). acacetin (21); 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid (27).	[28,29]
Cecropia obtusifolia Bertol. (Urticaceae)/Leaves.	Chlorogenic acid (13); isoorientin (54).	[30,31,32,33]
Cochlospermum vitifolium (Willd) (Bixaceae)/Bark.	(±)-Naringenin (55).	[34,35]
Coriandrum sativum L. (Apiaceae)/Aerial.	Rutin (20).	[36]
Cucurbita ficifolia Bouché (Cucurbitaceae)/Fresh mature and immature fruits.	ρ-Coumaric acid (3); stigmast-7,22-dien-3-ol (56); salicin (57); stigmast-7-en-3-ol (58); ρ-hydroxybenzoic acid (59).	[37,38,39,40,41]
Equisetum myriochaetum Schlecht. & Cham. (Equisetaceae)/Aerial.	Kaempferol-3-O-sophoroside (60); kaempferol-3,7-di-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (61); kaempferol-3-O-sophoroside-4′-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (62); caffeoyl-methylate-4-β-d-glucopyranoside (63).	[19,32,42,43,44]
Eysenhardtia platycarpa Pennell & Saff. (Fabaceae)/Leaves, branches and bark.	(1″R)-5,4′,1″-Trihydroxy- 6,7-(3″,3″-dimethyl chroman) flavone (64); 5,7-dihydroxy-6-methyl-8-prenyl flavanone (65); 5,7-dihydroxy-8-methyl-6-prenyl flavanone (66); 5,7-dihydroxy-6-prenylflavanone (67); 5,7-dihydroxy-8-prenylflavanone (68); 3-O-acetyloleanolic acid (69); oleanolic acid (70); 3β-acetoxy-11α,12α-epoxy-oleanan-28,13β-olide (71); lupeol (72); betulinic acid (73); β-sitosterol (34); β-sitosterol-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (31); β-sitosteryl palmitate (74); 3-O-methyl-myo-inositol (75); (+)-catechin (2); (2S)-4′-O-methyl-6-methyl-8-prenyl-naringenin (76); 3,4,6,4′-O-methyl-8-prenylnaringenin (77); 5-hydroxy-7-methoxy-8-prenyl-flavanone (78); (+)-catechin 3-O-β-d-galactopyranoside (79).	[45,46]
Eysenhardtia polystachya (Ortega) Sarg. (Fabaceae)/Leaves and bark.	2′,4′-Dihydroxychalcone-6′-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (80); α,3,2′,4′-tetrahydroxy-4-methoxydihydrochalcone-3′-C-β-d-glucopyranosyl-6′-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (81); 7-hydroxy-5,8′-dimethoxy-6′α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-8-(3-phenyl-trans-acryloyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one (82); 6′,7-dihydroxy-5,8-dimethoxy-8(3-phenyl-trans-acryloyl)-1-benzopyran-2-one (83); 9-hydroxy-3,8-dimethoxy-4-prenyl-pterocarpan (84); α,4,4′-trihydroxydihydro-chalcone-2′-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (85); 5,4′-dihydroxy-7,2′-dimethoxylisoflavone (86); (3R)-5,7-2′,4′-tetrahydroxyl-3′-methoxylisoflavanone (87); flemichapparin C (88); neo-hesperidin dihydrochalcone (89); hesperetin dihydrochalcone-glucoside (90); aspalathin (91); sandwicensis (92); 6′-methoxy-sieboldin (93); 2′-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-α,6′-dihydroxy-4′-acetyl-4-methoxydihydro-chalcone (94); 2′-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-4′-methoxy-4-hydroxy-3-isoprenyldihydrochalcone (95); 2′,4′,6′-trihydroxy-4,5-dimethoxy-3-isoprenyldihydrochalcone (96); 3′-C-β-glucopyranosyl-α,2′,4′,6′-trihydroxy-4-methoxy-dihydrochalcone (97); 3′-C-β-glucopyranosyl-α,2′,4-trihydroxy-4′,6′-dimethoxy-dihydrochalcone (98); 3-hydroxyphloretin-4′-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (99); 3,4′-dihydroxy-2,4,6-trimethoxy-dihydrochalcone (100); 2′,4′,4- trihydroxy-3′-methoxy-dihydrochalcone (101); 2′,4′,6′,4-tetrahydroxy-3,5-diisoprenyldihydrochalcone (102); 3′-C-β-glucopyranosyl-α,2′,4′,3,4-pentahydroxydihydroxychalcone (103); 3′-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-α,4,2′,4,6′-pentahydroxy-dihydrochalcone (104).	[47,48,49,50,51]
Exostema caribaeum (Jacq.) Schult. (Rubiaceae)/Stem bark.	Chlorogenic acid (13); 5-O-[β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-d-glucopyranosyl]-7,3′,4′-trihydroxy-4-phenylcoumarin (105); 5-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-7,3′,4′-trihydroxy-4-phenylcoumarin (106); 5-O-[β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-d-glucopyranosyl]-7-methoxy-3′,4′-dihydroxy-4-phenylcoumarin (107); 5-O-β-d-galactopyranosyl-7-methoxy-3′,4′-dihydroxy-4-phenylcoumarin (108); 5-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-7-methoxy-3′,4′-dihydroxy-4-phenylcoumarin (109); 5-O-(6′-acetyl-β-d-glucopyranosyl)-7,3′,4′-trihydroxy-4-phenylcoumarin (110); 5-O-(6′-acetyl-β-d-galactopyranosyl)-7-methoxy-3′,4′-dihydroxy-4-phenylcoumarin (111).	[52]
Hamelia patens Jacq. (Rubiaceae)/Aerial parts and leaves.	Not isolated but identified chlorogenic acid (13); quercetin (47); caffeic acid (112); epicatechin (113); catechin (2).	[53,54]
Hintonia latiflora (Sessé & Moc. ex DC.) Bullock (Rubiaceae)/Stem bark and leaves/endophytic fungus	5-O-β-d-Glucopyranosyl-7,3′,4′-trihydroxy-4-phenylcoumarin (106); 5-O-[β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-d-glucopyranosyl]-7-methoxy-3′,4′-dihydroxy-4-phenylcoumarin (107); 5-O-β-d-galactopyranosyl-7-methoxy-3′,4′-dihydroxy-4-phenylcoumarin (108); 5-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-7-methoxy-3′,4′-dihydroxy-4-phenylcoumarin (109); 25-O-acetyl-3-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-23,24-dihydrocucurbitacin F (114); 3-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-23,24-dihydrocucurbitacin F (115); 5-O-[β-d-apiofuranosyl-(1→6)-β-d-glucopyranosyl]-7-methoxy-3′,4′-dihydroxy-4-phenylcoumarin (116); desoxycordifolinic acid (117); ursolic acid (118); 5-O-[β-d-xylopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-d-glucopyranosyl]-7,4′-dimethoxy-4-phenylcoumarin (119); chlorogenic acid (13); thielavins A (120), J (121) and K (122).	[55,56,57,58]
Hintonia standleyana Bullock (Rubiaceae)/Stem bark and leaves. This taxon is a synonym of; Hintonia latiflora (Sessé & Moc. ex DC.)	25-O-Acetyl-3-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-23,24-dihydrocucurbitacin F (114); 3-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-23,24-dihydrocucurbitacin F (115); 5-O-[β-d-apiofuranosyl-(1→6)-β-d-glucopyranosyl]-7-methoxy-3′,4′-dihydroxy-4-phenylcoumarin (116); 5-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-7-methoxy-3′,4′-dihydroxy-4-phenylcoumarin (109); 6″-O-acetyl-5-O-β-d-galactopyranosyl-7,4′-dihydroxy-4-phenylcoumarin (123); 6″-O-acetyl-5-O-β-d-galactopyranosyl-7,3′,4′-trihydroxy-4-phenylcoumarin (124).	[56,59]
Ibervillea sonorae (S. Watson) Greene (Cucurbitaceae)/Roots.	1-Monopalmitin (125); glyceryl-1-monomargarate (126); 1-monostearin (127); glyceryl-1-monononadecylate (128); glyceryl-1-monoarachidate (129); glyceryl-1-monobehenate (130); glyceryl-1-monotricosanoate (131); glyceryl-1-monotetracosanoate (132); glyceryl-1-monopentacosanoate (133); glyceryl-1-monohexacosanoate (134); glyceryl-1-monooctacosanoate (135); lauric acid (136); myristic acid (137); pentadecanoic acid (138); palmitic acid (139); stearic acid (140); gallic acid (141).	[60,61,62,63,64]
Ipomoea pes-caprae (L.) R. Br and Ipomoea purga (Wender.) Hayne (Convolvulaceae)/Roots.	Pescapreins I (142), III (143), V (144) and IX (145); stolonoferins I (146) and III (147); murucoidins IV (148), V (149), XIV (150), XVIII (151), XIX (152) and XX (153); purginosides I (154), II (155) and IV (156); purgins I (157), II (158) and III (159); tricolorins A (160), E (161) and I (162); wolcottines I (163), I (164), II (165), III (166) and IV (167); intrapilosin VII (168).	[65]
Justicia spicigera Schltdl (Acanthaceae)/Leaves.	Kaempferitrin (169)	[66]
Ligusticum porteri J.M. Coult. & Rose (Apiaceae)/Roots.	(Z)-6,6′,7,3′α-Diligustilide (170); (Z)-ligustilide (171); 3-(Z)-butylidenephthalide (172); myristicin (173), Ferulic acid (174).	[67]
Melampodium perfoliatum (Cav.) Kunth (Asteraceae)/Aerial.	Perfoliatin A (175).	[68]
Mosannona depressa (Baill.) Chatrou (Annonaceae)/Roots.	2-Hydroxy-3,4,5-trimethoxy-1-(2′,4′-hydroxy-3′-dihydroxy) butylbenzene (176); 2-hydroxy-3,4,5-trimethoxy-1-(2′,3′,4′-hydroxy) butyl-benzene (177); 3-(3-hydroxy-2,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl) propane-1,2 diol (178).	[32,69,70,71]
Opuntia streptacantha Lem. (Cactaceae)/Cladodes.	4-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid (179).	[72,73]
Psacalium decompositum (A.Gray) H.Rob. & Brettell (Asteraceae)/Roots.	Cacalol (180); cacalol acetate (181); cacalone (182); maturin (183); maturinone (184).	[74,75,76,77]
Psacalium paucicapitatum (B.L.Rob. & Greenm.) H.Rob. & Brettell (Asteraceae)/Corms.	Kestose (185); nystose (186); fructofuranosyl-nystose (187).	[78]
Phoradendron reichenbachianum (Seem.) Oliv. (Santalaceae)/Leaves and stems.	Moronic acid (188); morolic acid (189); oleanolic acid (70); ursolic acid (118); 3,4-seco-olean-18-ene-3,28-dioic acid (190); α-amyrin (191); β-amyrin (192); oleanolic aldehyde (193); lupeol (72); lupenone (194); betulin aldehyde (195); betulon aldehyde (196); betulinic acid (73); acacetin (21); betulonic acid (197); squalene (198); triacontanol (199); β-sitosteryl linoleate (200); stigmasteryl linoleate (201); β-sitosterol (34); stigmasterol (33); acacetin 7-methyl ether (202).	[79,80,81]
Rhizophora mangle L. (Rizophoraceae)/Cortex.	Cinchonains Ia (203) and Ib (204); epicatechin (113); catechin-3-O-rhamnopyranoside (205); lyoniside (206); nudiposide (207).	[19,82,83,84]
Salvia circinnata Cav. (Lamiaceae)/Aerial.	6,6″,3″-Trihydroxy-7,3′,7′-O-trimethyl-loniflavon (208); amarisolides B (209), C (210), D (211) and E (212); amarisolide (213); pedalitin (214); apigenin-7-O-β-d-glucopyranoside (215); 2-(3,4-dimethoxy-phenyl)-5,6-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-4H-chromen-4-one (216).	[85]
Smilax aristolochiifolia Mill. (Smilaceae)/Roots.	N-trans-Feruloyltyramine (217); astilbin (218); chlorogenic acid (13).	[86,87]
Smilax moranensis M. Martens & Galeotti (Smilaceae)/Roots.	trans-Resveratrol (219); 5-O-caffeoylquinic acid (220); chlorogenic acid (13).	[19,84,88,89]
Swietenia humilis Zucc (Melaiceae)/Seeds.	2-Hydroxy-destigloyl-6-deoxyswietenine acetate (221); humulin B (222); methyl-2-hydroxy-3-β-isobutyroxy-1-oxomeliac-8(30)-enate (223); methyl-2-hydroxy-3-β-tigloyloxy-1-oxomeliac-8(30)-enate (224); humilinolide G (225); humilinolide C (226); methyl-2-hydroxy-3-β-isobutyloyl-8α,30α-epoxy-1-oxo-meliacate (227); humilinolide H (228).	[90,91,92]
Tecoma stans (L.) Juss. ex Kunth (Bignoniaceae)/Leaves.	Chrysoeriol (229); apigenin (230); luteolin (231); verbascoside (232); luteolin-7-O-glucopyranoside (233).	[93,94]
Turnera diffusa Willd. ex Schult. (Passifloraceae)/Aerial.	Teuhetenone A (234).	[95]