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. 2020 Oct 23;15(10):e0241265. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241265

Prevalence of underlying diseases in died cases of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Fatemeh Javanmardi 1, Abdolkhalegh Keshavarzi 2, Ali Akbari 3, Amir Emami 1,*, Neda Pirbonyeh 1
Editor: Raffaele Serra4
PMCID: PMC7584167  PMID: 33095835

Abstract

Introduction

Underlying disease have a critical role in vulnerability of populations for a greater morbidity and mortality when they suffer from COVID-19. The aim of current study is evaluating the prevalence of underlying disease in died people with COVID-19.

Methods

The current study have been conducted according to PRISMA guideline. International database including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane and google scholar were searched for relevant studies up to 1 June. All relevant articles that reported underlying disease in died cases of COVID-19 were included in the analysis.

Results

After screening and excluding duplicated and irrelevant studies, 32 articles included in the analysis. The most prevalent comorbidities were hypertension, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, liver disease, lung disease, malignancy, cerebrovascular disease, COPD and asthma. Among all reported underlying disease, highest and lowest prevalence was related to hypertension and asthma which were estimated 46% (37% - 55%) and 3% (2%- 6%), respectively.

Conclusion

In summary, underlying disease have a critical role in poor outcomes, severity of disease and high mortality rate of COVID-19 cases. Patients with hypertension, cardiovascular disease and diabetes should be carefully monitored and be aware of health protocols.

Introduction

The year 2020 began with a global pandemic, caused by SARS-CoV-2, a highly contagious novel virus which lead a big health challenge in the world. During less than 9 months, COVID-19 influence on more than 20,000,000 million people and causes 740,000 deaths till now (12 August) [1]. Although majority of cases are in mild and moderate and even with no symptoms, but for some infected individuals, the incidence of disease is along with serious complications such as severe pneumonia, acute respiratory distress, multi organ failure and finally death [2]. Nowadays a well-known reason for death is SARS-CoV-2, although there is no accurate information about mortality rate; especially it varies in different countries and reported between 1.4% to 4.3% [3]. According to literature studies, the basic reason for death related to COVID-19 was introduced pneumonia; more over it was found that pre-existing morbidities are significantly increase the related mortality rate [4]. Another important factor increasing the risk of mortality in this crisis is the distance between the incidence of disease and hospitalization. According to different reports, time range of symptoms progress in COVID-19 death is between 6 to 41 days [5]. Further comparative analysis have been revealed that sever form of SARS-CoV-2 may appear in older people which is similar to other respiratory infections such as influenza, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) [6]. Since SARS-CoV-2 is a novel virus, little information and majority of uncertainties are present about mechanism of disease which is created a serious threat for infected cases. Basic analysis about the cause of death have shown critical evidences about the impact of underlying diseases on death related to COVID-19 [4, 7]. In fact, these patients have been identified as particularly vulnerable populations for a greater morbidity and mortality when they suffer from COVID-19. In the current emergency outbreak related to COVID-19, due to the majority of uncertain data around the world, and the lack of certain treatment and vaccine for this infection, it is the time of investigation and research. Based on evidences, this information will undoubtedly be key to the knowledge and control of mortality in times of this pandemic. So, the aim of current study is designed to evaluating the prevalence of underlying diseases in died people with COVID-19.

Methods

Search strategy

The current study have been conducted according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline and is registered in PROSPERO (CRD42020186617) in 29 June 2020.

International database including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane and google scholar were searched for relevant studies up to first June. Search strategy were done based on Mesh keywords as follow: “fatality AND COVID-19”, OR “died AND COVID-19”, OR “death AND COVID-19”, “deceased AND COVID-19” and “mortality AND COVID-19”. S1 Table in S1 File is provided the Mesh terms in detail. Further evaluation was carried out in reference of proper articles for more papers. Search terms were restricted to English language, but due to high number of articles in Chinese language, abstracted were assessed in these studies.

Inclusion and exclusion criteria

Two authors (F.J and A.E) independently evaluated the studies and in case of disagreement the third author decide about it. Included criteria were defined as follow: any articles about death related to COVID-19, studies which reported underlying diseases in died patients. Articles in preprint status and with inappropriate information were excluded from the analysis process. Quality assessment were conducted by Newcastle Ottawa Scale and the related results have been provided in S2 Table in S1 File [8]. Moreover, characteristics of included studies are shown in Table 1.

Table 1. Characteristics of included studied in meta-analysis.

Authors Number of Death Hypertension Diabetes Heart diseases Kidney diseases COPD Malignancy Liver disease lung Disease Cerebrovascular
Fan Yang, et al [9] 92 51 13 16 2 1 4 3 10
Qiurong Ruan, et al [10] 68 36
Mark M. Alipio, et al [11] 50 34 23 17
Jianfeng Xie, et al [12] 168 84 42 31 16
Wei-jie Guan, et al [13] 50 6 6
Francesco Violi, et al [14] 64 39 16 13 14
Amir Emami, et al [15] 87 17 27 23 8 4 10
Reza Shahriarirad, et al [16] 9 2 2 2 1
Mohammad Nikpouraghadam, et al [17] 239 8 11 4 3 1
Yan Deng, et al [18] 109 40 17 13 6 22
Yongli Yan, et al [19] 108 57 39 27 1
Graziano Onder, et al [20] 355 126 117 72
Marcello Covino, et al [21] 23 10 2 4 1 9
Xun Li1, et al [22] 25 16 10 8 5 2 2 4
Mingli Yuan, et al [23] 10 5 6 3 1
Fei Zhou, et al [24] 54 26 17 13 2 4
Jianlei Cao, et al [25] 17 11 6 3 3 1 1 3
Jianbo Tian, et al [26] 46 46
Lang Wang, et al [27] 65 32 11 21 4 11 3 1 10
Chaomin Wu, et al [28] 44 16 11 4
Rong-Hui Du, et al [29] 21 13 6 12 1
Bicheng Zhang, et al [30] 82 46 15 17 4 12 6 2 10
Kunyu Yang, et al [31] 40 11 2 5
Yingzhen Du, et al [32] 85 58 32 10 3 2 6 7 7
Chaomin Wu, et al [33] 44 16 11 4 5
CDC Korea [34] 66 30 23 10 5 7
Yifei Chen, et al [35] 38 15 11 4 1 1 3
Ya-Jun Sun, et al [36] 100 41 29 27 12
Junli Li, et al [37] 14 10 3 4
Yiguang Chen, et al [38] 50 17 13
Lei Chen, et al [39] 208 104 59 63 20 12 17
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Statistical analysis

Pooled prevalence with 95% confidence Interval were estimated by applying inverse-variance weighted method. Evaluation for heterogeneity was done based on Higgins I2 and Cochrane Q statistics. Heterogeneity was defined as low (I2<25%), high (I2>50%) and moderate (25–50%). In case of high heterogeneity, random effect model was used. Publication bias were assessed by funnel plot and Egger’s test. Statistical analysis was conducted by STATA 13. P-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results

According to initial search, total of 6507 articles were found in different databases. After screening and excluding duplicated and irrelevant studies, finally 32 articles met the inclusion criteria and considered in the analysis (Fig 1).

Fig 1. PRISMA flow chart of the systematic literature review and article identification.

Fig 1

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Through the current meta-analysis, 28 studies reported the incidence of COVID-19 in hypertensive patients. Among all reported underlying diseases, highest prevalence was related to hypertension which was estimated 46% (37% - 55%) (Fig 2). Significant and high heterogeneity was observed between studies (I2 = 92.84%, P<0.001). Although publication bias was observed based on funnel plot in S1 Fig in S2 File and Egger test (t = 3.19, p = 0.004).

Fig 2. Prevalence of hypertension among died patients with COVID-19.

Fig 2

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The overall prevalence of diabetic comorbidities estimated 26% (21%-31%) in fatal cases of COVID-19 (Fig 3). High and significant heterogeneity between 29 studies cause to use random effect model. Egger’s test is indicating publication bias (t = 4.45, P = 0.001), also funnel plot in S2 Fig in S2 File is confirming this bias.

Fig 3. Prevalence of diabetes among died patients with COVID-19.

Fig 3

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In order to estimate cardiovascular prevalence as an important underlying comorbidity, 27 articles were pooled and it was found 21% (16% - 27%) of fatal cases had this disease (Fig 4). High and significant heterogeneity was seen among included studies (I2 = 88.67%, P<0.001). Publication bias was confirmed by funnel plot and Egger’s test (t = 3.75, P = 0.001). S3 Fig in S2 File is shown these results. In order to conduct sensitivity analysis, two studies were excluded; but no significant changes had seen.

Fig 4. Prevalence of cardiovascular disease among died patients with COVID-19.

Fig 4

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Pooled prevalence of kidney disease among death individuals with SARS-CoV-2 infection was estimated 7% (3% - 11%) (Fig 5). In random effect analysis significant heterogeneity was observed among the prevalence estimates of disease (I2 = 82.89, P<0.001). The funnel plot of this analysis in S4 Fig in S2 File is not shown highly under reporting or publication bias (t = - 0.62, P = 0.54)

Fig 5. Prevalence of kidney disease among died patients with COVID-19.

Fig 5

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The random effect meta-analysis revealed a pooled estimated of 8% (4%- 13%) for prevalence of COPD in COVID-19 died cases (Fig 6); however high heterogeneity was also a concern (I2 = 74.19, P<0.001). Systemic pattern of funnel plot in S5 Fig is not shown publication bias, also these results were confirmed by Egger’s test (t = 0.51, p = 0.62).

Fig 6. Prevalence of COPD among died patients with COVID-19.

Fig 6

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In order to evaluate pooled prevalence of malignancy in died cases of COVID-19, random effect analysis was done and the estimation 11% (4%-20%) was obtained with high and significant heterogeneity (I2 = 95.82, P<0.001) which is shown in Fig 7. Sensitivity analysis reduce this estimation to 6% (3%-10%) and I2 = 85.59% based on excluding Jianbo Tian’s paper.

Fig 7. Prevalence of malignancy among died patients with COVID-19.

Fig 7

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Based on fixed effect analysis, the forest plot drawn in Fig 8, and the pooled prevalence of liver disease in died cases related to COVID-19 was estimated 3% (2%- 6%) (Fig 8). Moreover, no publication bias was seen based on funnel plot and Egger’s test (t = 0.57, p = 0.60, S7 Fig in S2 File).

Fig 8. Prevalence of malignancy among died patients with COVID-19.

Fig 8

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Lung disease as another one underlying disease were prevalent in died cases with SARS-CoV-2 infection. The pooled prevalence was 11% with confidence interval 95% (6% -18%) which is shown in Fig 9.

Fig 9. Prevalence of lung disease among died patients with COVID-19.

Fig 9

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Heterogeneity was high between 4 included studies (I2 = 62.45% P<0.001), but no publication was seen based on Egger’s test and funnel plot (t = 1.26, P = 0.33, S8 Fig in S2 File).

Just two studies reported died cases from asthma with COVID-19. The combined results were estimated 9% (2%-19%).

By using the data from 13 included articles and fixed effect analysis, the prevalence of died cases with SARS-CoV-2 and cerebrovascular disease was estimated 12% (9%-15%). The related forest plot is shown in Fig 10. Based on funnel plot and Egger’s test, no publication bias was observed for these studies (t = 1.38, p = 0.19; S9 Fig in S2 File).

Fig 10. Prevalence of cerebrovascular disease among died patients with COVID-19.

Fig 10

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Discussion

As pandemic progress, daily increase in active cases death related to SARS-CoV-2 infection become a global concern. Rapid distribution of COVID-19 all over the world, created a significant burden for health care systems. Various reasons like insufficient resources for several cases, prolong incubation time and the most important one; presence of comorbidities are known to be associated with high mortality rate [40, 41].

In the current study, we have conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify the most prevalence underlying diseases in died cases related to SARS-CoV-2 infection. According to various published reports, it is proven that underlying diseases are associated with increased poor outcomes [5, 42]. Based on our results, the most hazardous comorbidities in fatal cases were hypertension, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, respectively. Although the mechanism and severity of diseases and their poor outcome are unclear, but some reasons may justify this event. One of the possible explanations about high mortality in hypertensive and cardiac patients may be the function of ACE2 which may derive pulmonary hypertension and cardiovascular complications [43]. ACE2 has a critical role in immune and cardiovascular pathways. Since SARS-CoV-2 enter the cell and bind the ACE2 receptors, it is a major concern that may increase the risk of detrimental outcomes conferred by ACE inhibitors or ARBs [44–46]. Moreover, it is mentioned that morphologic and hemodynamic damage to heart tissues causes poor diagnosis in patients with COVID-19 and acute coronary syndrome [47].

Another important risk factor in fatal cases was diabetes. In order to justify the high prevalence of diabetic in fatal cases, it is suggested to evaluate the effect of SARS-CoV-2 on blood glucose which may related to ACE2. In previous SARS pandemic, it was found SARS-CoV-1, could cause hyperglycemia in people with no history of diabetes and it would persist almost 3 years after recovery and revealed temporary damage to beta cells [48]. It is suggested to follow blood glucose level in SARS-CoV-2 cases in acute stage. In other hands, the effect of anti-diabetic effect should not be ignored [49]. Increasing ACE2 expression and its relevance to COVID-19, causes that some researchers avoid or change some drugs (Thiazolidinedione) in these cases. However, impact of anti-diabetic drugs and their effects need more evaluation and researches to be clear [50].

Various studies about SARS-CoV-2 infection have shown patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) are vulnerable to be infected and become sever, since this novel virus enters the human body through ACE2 [51]. On the other hands, it has been documented that ACE2 expressions is high in kidney tissue either; so if patients with CKD become infected with SARS-CoV-2, their renal tubules maybe attacked in the first stage of infection. Moreover, SARS-CoV-2 may target the small arteries and capillaries in kidney, which in patients with history of CKD, this may cause rather impairment. Due to these reasons sever patients with CKD which need dialysis are more susceptible to the infection [41].

COVID-19 in malignant cases increase the risk of sever events and poor progress of disease. Chemotherapy, surgery, and treatment strategies cause these patients to become an immunosuppressed population and vulnerable from the risk of infection [52].

Although the impact of SARS-CoV-2 in patients with liver disease or liver transplant is unclear, but due to the main viral receptor (ACE2) possible involvement of the liver and weak immune system, causes these patients to be more at risk of death in counterpart healthy individuals. According to the date of searches for the current study, there was not found ant publication about acute chronic liver failure due to COVID-19.

Shortness of breath and cough are two symptoms which is seen in asthma patients and is seen in the COVID-19 cases, too. Based on the current analysis, 9% of fatal cases related to COVID-19 had history of asthma. There is no certain reason about the relation between mortality and asthma in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection, but it recommended that nebulization should be avoided; since medical procedures may increase the risk of infection transmission [53].

According to the current results in this meta-analysis, 8% of patients with COPD comorbidities are in danger of rapid disease progression than their counterpart without COPD. In another systematic review which prevalence, severity and mortality associated with COPD and smoking in patients with COVID-19 were evaluated, it was found that the crude case fatality rate was 7.4% [54]. Also it was declared that this high mortality rate may be due to some co-existing of other comorbidities in these groups of patients [55].

Overall, it seems that drugs which used in underlying diseases aggravate COVID-19. In fact, corticosteroids, NSAIDS and some drugs acting on the renin-angiotensin system during the current pandemic which is in question and uncertainties [56]. Clinical impact of these treatments on COVID-19 infection needs more evaluation and should be clarified. Of limitation of current study could say high heterogeneity between studies in population and genetic limitation which most of the studies were from China.

Conclusion

In summary, underlying diseases have a critical role in poor outcomes, severity of disease and high mortality rate related to COVID-19 cases. Patients with hypertension, cardiovascular disease and diabetes should be carefully monitored and be aware of health protocols.

Supporting information

S1 File. Search terms and quality assessment tables.

(DOCX)

Click here for additional data file. (18.1KB, docx)
S2 File. Funnel plot for publication bias assessment.

(DOCX)

Click here for additional data file. (37.4KB, docx)
S1 Checklist. PRISMA 2009 checklist.

(DOC)

Click here for additional data file. (63KB, doc)

Data Availability

All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files.

Funding Statement

No, we had not received any fees and fund

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Decision Letter 0

Raffaele Serra

1 Oct 2020

PONE-D-20-25586

Prevalence of Underlying Disease in Died cases of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis

PLOS ONE

Dear Dr. Emami,

Thank you for submitting your manuscript to PLOS ONE. After careful consideration, we feel that it has merit but does not fully meet PLOS ONE’s publication criteria as it currently stands. Therefore, we invite you to submit a revised version of the manuscript that addresses the points raised during the review process.

The reviewers have commented on your above paper. They have suggested that this manuscript be revised according to the reviewers suggestions and resubmitted.  Provided you address the changes recommended, the manuscript will be accepted for publication. 

Please submit your revised manuscript by Nov 15 2020 11:59PM. If you will need more time than this to complete your revisions, please reply to this message or contact the journal office at plosone@plos.org. When you're ready to submit your revision, log on to https://www.editorialmanager.com/pone/ and select the 'Submissions Needing Revision' folder to locate your manuscript file.

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  • A rebuttal letter that responds to each point raised by the academic editor and reviewer(s). You should upload this letter as a separate file labeled 'Response to Reviewers'.

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If you would like to make changes to your financial disclosure, please include your updated statement in your cover letter. Guidelines for resubmitting your figure files are available below the reviewer comments at the end of this letter.

If applicable, we recommend that you deposit your laboratory protocols in protocols.io to enhance the reproducibility of your results. Protocols.io assigns your protocol its own identifier (DOI) so that it can be cited independently in the future. For instructions see: http://journals.plos.org/plosone/s/submission-guidelines#loc-laboratory-protocols

We look forward to receiving your revised manuscript.

Kind regards,

Prof. Raffaele Serra, M.D., Ph.D

Academic Editor

PLOS ONE

Journal Requirements:

When submitting your revision, we need you to address these additional requirements.

1. Please ensure that your manuscript meets PLOS ONE's style requirements, including those for file naming. The PLOS ONE style templates can be found at

https://journals.plos.org/plosone/s/file?id=wjVg/PLOSOne_formatting_sample_main_body.pdf and

https://journals.plos.org/plosone/s/file?id=ba62/PLOSOne_formatting_sample_title_authors_affiliations.pdf

2. In your Data Availability statement, you have not specified where the minimal data set underlying the results described in your manuscript can be found. PLOS defines a study's minimal data set as the underlying data used to reach the conclusions drawn in the manuscript and any additional data required to replicate the reported study findings in their entirety. All PLOS journals require that the minimal data set be made fully available. For more information about our data policy, please see http://journals.plos.org/plosone/s/data-availability.

Upon re-submitting your revised manuscript, please upload your study’s minimal underlying data set as either Supporting Information files or to a stable, public repository and include the relevant URLs, DOIs, or accession numbers within your revised cover letter. For a list of acceptable repositories, please see http://journals.plos.org/plosone/s/data-availability#loc-recommended-repositories. Any potentially identifying patient information must be fully anonymized.

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We will update your Data Availability statement to reflect the information you provide in your cover letter.

3. Please amend either the title on the online submission form (via Edit Submission) or the title in the manuscript so that they are identical.

4. Please remove your figures from within your manuscript file, leaving only the individual TIFF/EPS image files, uploaded separately.  These will be automatically included in the reviewers’ PDF.

5. Please include captions for your Supporting Information files at the end of your manuscript, and update any in-text citations to match accordingly. Please see our Supporting Information guidelines for more information: http://journals.plos.org/plosone/s/supporting-information

Additional Editor Comments:

The manuscript is interesting and provided you address the changes recommended, the manuscript will be accepted for publication.

[Note: HTML markup is below. Please do not edit.]

Reviewers' comments:

Reviewer's Responses to Questions

Comments to the Author

1. Is the manuscript technically sound, and do the data support the conclusions?

The manuscript must describe a technically sound piece of scientific research with data that supports the conclusions. Experiments must have been conducted rigorously, with appropriate controls, replication, and sample sizes. The conclusions must be drawn appropriately based on the data presented.

Reviewer #1: Yes

**********

2. Has the statistical analysis been performed appropriately and rigorously?

Reviewer #1: Yes

**********

3. Have the authors made all data underlying the findings in their manuscript fully available?

The PLOS Data policy requires authors to make all data underlying the findings described in their manuscript fully available without restriction, with rare exception (please refer to the Data Availability Statement in the manuscript PDF file). The data should be provided as part of the manuscript or its supporting information, or deposited to a public repository. For example, in addition to summary statistics, the data points behind means, medians and variance measures should be available. If there are restrictions on publicly sharing data—e.g. participant privacy or use of data from a third party—those must be specified.

Reviewer #1: Yes

**********

4. Is the manuscript presented in an intelligible fashion and written in standard English?

PLOS ONE does not copyedit accepted manuscripts, so the language in submitted articles must be clear, correct, and unambiguous. Any typographical or grammatical errors should be corrected at revision, so please note any specific errors here.

Reviewer #1: Yes

**********

5. Review Comments to the Author

Please use the space provided to explain your answers to the questions above. You may also include additional comments for the author, including concerns about dual publication, research ethics, or publication ethics. (Please upload your review as an attachment if it exceeds 20,000 characters)

Reviewer #1: The paper is very interesting and informative. I only suggest to deepen a little bit the issue of the relationship with cardiovascular disease in the discussion section. For example discuss and cite the following recent article on this topic: Ielapi N, et al. Cardiovascular disease as a biomarker for an increased risk of COVID-19 infection and related poor prognosis. Biomark Med. 2020 Jun;14(9):713-716.

**********

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Reviewer #1: No

[NOTE: If reviewer comments were submitted as an attachment file, they will be attached to this email and accessible via the submission site. Please log into your account, locate the manuscript record, and check for the action link "View Attachments". If this link does not appear, there are no attachment files.]

While revising your submission, please upload your figure files to the Preflight Analysis and Conversion Engine (PACE) digital diagnostic tool, https://pacev2.apexcovantage.com/. PACE helps ensure that figures meet PLOS requirements. To use PACE, you must first register as a user. Registration is free. Then, login and navigate to the UPLOAD tab, where you will find detailed instructions on how to use the tool. If you encounter any issues or have any questions when using PACE, please email PLOS at figures@plos.org. Please note that Supporting Information files do not need this step.

PLoS One. 2020 Oct 23;15(10):e0241265. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0241265.r002

Author response to Decision Letter 0

9 Oct 2020

Figure legend are provided in the end of article, after reference list. Also provide them as a separate word file in the attachments.

Reference 10 is cited in the text and highlighted in GREEN Color

Revision 2: Thanks for your comments. I indicate the figure 10 citation in the main text and highlighted in GREEN color.

Revision1: Thanks the reviewer for positive insight to our article.

Here I provide the point by point response to the comments.

Editor Comments

Comments: please upload your study’s minimal underlying data set as either Supporting Information files or to a stable, public repository and include the relevant URLs, DOIs, or accession numbers within your revised cover letter.

Answer: the current article is a systematic review and meta-analysis study. It does not have any original data. By this way I provide the table of included studies as a attached file with name Supporting Information.

Comments: Please amend either the title on the online submission form (via Edit Submission) or the title in the manuscript so that they are identical.

Answer: the title is “Prevalence of Underlying Diseases in died cases of COVID-19: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis”. It is identical in submission form and article file.

Comments: Please remove your figures from within your manuscript file, leaving only the individual TIFF/EPS image files, uploaded separately. These will be automatically included in the reviewers’ PDF.

Answer: All the figures removed from the article and submitted separately.

Comments: Please include captions for your Supporting Information files at the end of your manuscript, and update any in-text citations to match accordingly.

Answer: Thanks for your comment. I add the explanation of my supplementary file.

Supplementary file1: Search terms and quality assessment tables

Supplementary file2: Funnel plot for publication bias assessment

Reviewers' comments:

Comments: The paper is very interesting and informative. I only suggest to deepen a little bit the issue of the relationship with cardiovascular disease in the discussion section. For example discuss and cite the following recent article on this topic: Ielapi N, et al. Cardiovascular disease as a biomarker for an increased risk of COVID-19 infection and related poor prognosis. Biomark Med. 2020 Jun;14(9):713-716.

Answer: Thanks for your suggestion. I add more explanation about cardiovascular disease in the discussion section and add the reference.

Attachment

Submitted filename: Rebuttal Letter.docx

Click here for additional data file. (13.1KB, docx)

Decision Letter 1

Raffaele Serra

13 Oct 2020

Prevalence of Underlying Diseases in Died cases of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis

PONE-D-20-25586R1

Dear Dr. Emami,

We’re pleased to inform you that your manuscript has been judged scientifically suitable for publication and will be formally accepted for publication once it meets all outstanding technical requirements.

Within one week, you’ll receive an e-mail detailing the required amendments. When these have been addressed, you’ll receive a formal acceptance letter and your manuscript will be scheduled for publication.

An invoice for payment will follow shortly after the formal acceptance. To ensure an efficient process, please log into Editorial Manager at http://www.editorialmanager.com/pone/, click the 'Update My Information' link at the top of the page, and double check that your user information is up-to-date. If you have any billing related questions, please contact our Author Billing department directly at authorbilling@plos.org.

If your institution or institutions have a press office, please notify them about your upcoming paper to help maximize its impact. If they’ll be preparing press materials, please inform our press team as soon as possible -- no later than 48 hours after receiving the formal acceptance. Your manuscript will remain under strict press embargo until 2 pm Eastern Time on the date of publication. For more information, please contact onepress@plos.org.

Kind regards,

Prof. Raffaele Serra, M.D., Ph.D

Academic Editor

PLOS ONE

Additional Editor Comments (optional):

amended manuscript is acceptable

Reviewers' comments:

Acceptance letter

Raffaele Serra

16 Oct 2020

PONE-D-20-25586R1

Prevalence of Underlying Diseases in died cases of COVID-19: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Dear Dr. Emami:

I'm pleased to inform you that your manuscript has been deemed suitable for publication in PLOS ONE. Congratulations! Your manuscript is now with our production department.

If your institution or institutions have a press office, please let them know about your upcoming paper now to help maximize its impact. If they'll be preparing press materials, please inform our press team within the next 48 hours. Your manuscript will remain under strict press embargo until 2 pm Eastern Time on the date of publication. For more information please contact onepress@plos.org.

If we can help with anything else, please email us at plosone@plos.org.

Thank you for submitting your work to PLOS ONE and supporting open access.

Kind regards,

PLOS ONE Editorial Office Staff

on behalf of

Prof. Raffaele Serra

Academic Editor

PLOS ONE

Associated Data

    This section collects any data citations, data availability statements, or supplementary materials included in this article.

    Supplementary Materials

    S1 File. Search terms and quality assessment tables.

    (DOCX)

    Click here for additional data file. (18.1KB, docx)
    S2 File. Funnel plot for publication bias assessment.

    (DOCX)

    Click here for additional data file. (37.4KB, docx)
    S1 Checklist. PRISMA 2009 checklist.

    (DOC)

    Click here for additional data file. (63KB, doc)
    Attachment

    Submitted filename: Rebuttal Letter.docx

    Click here for additional data file. (13.1KB, docx)

    Data Availability Statement

    All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files.

    Articles from PLoS ONE are provided here courtesy of PLOS

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