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. 2020 Oct 21;9(10):2331. doi: 10.3390/cells9102331

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© 2020 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Effects of GHRH-R antagonists (e.g., MIA-602 or MIA-690) on lung cancer cells. Exposure of lung cancer cells in culture (left) to GHRH-R antagonists leads to cell death by apoptosis (right). Mechanisms triggering cell death include the enhanced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by the cells after antagonist treatment and the activation of p27kip1 and ß-catenin. MIA-602 and similar inhibitors decrease cellular cAMP, p21-activated kinases (PAK), p-Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3), and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) in addition to downregulating the receptor itself and cyclins.