Table 1.
Effect of the production systems (organic grazing, OG; organic concentrate, OC; and conventional concentrate, CC) and ageing time (T0, T7, T14, T21: 0, 7, 14, and 21 days, respectively) on pH, water-holding capacity, and textural instrumental parameters of Longissimus thoracis from calves of the Retinta breed.
| Production System (PS) | Ageing Time (A) | Effects | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OG | OC | CC | T0 | T7 | T14 | T21 | SEM | PS | A | PS*A | |
| pH | 5.55 b | 5.54 b | 5.60 a | 5.52 b | 5.56 a,b | 5.60 a,b | 5.63 a | 0.017 | * | * | * |
| Drip Loss (g/100 g) | 5.42 b | 4.44 b | 6.80 a | - | 3.04 c | 4.28 b | 6.48 a | 0.197 | *** | *** | *** |
| Cooking Loss (g/100 g) | 24.48 a | 25.36 a | 22.25 b | 25.61 b | 27.51 a | 24.97 b,c | 23.64 c | 0.217 | *** | *** | *** |
| Warner-Bratzler shear force test | |||||||||||
| WB-Shear Force (kg/cm2) | 6.79 a | 5.21 b | 5.08 b | 8.66 a | 6.67 b | 5. 04 c | 4.32 c | 0.171 | *** | *** | *** |
| WB-Shear Firmness (kg/s) | 11.23 a | 8.15 b | 8.76 a,b | 13.07 a | 9.82 b | 8.64 b,c | 7.37 c | 0.25 | *** | *** | *** |
| WB-Total Work (kg*s) | 1.30 a | 1.15 b | 1.07 b | 1.71 a | 1.27 b | 1.02 c | 0.90 c | 0.03 | *** | *** | *** |
* p ≤ 0.05; *** p ≤ 0.001; PS: production systems; A: ageing time; PS*A interaction between A and PS; SEM.: standard error of the mean. Values with the same letters (a, b, c) indicate homogeneous subsets for p = 0.05 according to Tukey’s HSD test; OG: organic grazing; OC: organic concentrate; CC: conventional concentrate.