Table 2.
Linear Regression Models for Cross-sectional and Prospective Associations of Habitual Nightly Fasting Duration (NFD) with Cardiovascular Health and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors a.
| Per 1-h Increase in Average Nightly Fasting Duration | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cross-Sectional Analysis of Baseline Data (n = 116) b,c | Cross-Sectional Analysis of 1-y Data (n = 99) b,c | Prospective Associations of Baseline Exposures with Outcomes at 1-y (n = 99) b,c | ||||
| Β (SE) | p-Value | Β (SE) | p-Value | Β (SE) | p-Value | |
| CVH (AHA LS7 score) | −0.09 (0.09) | 0.329 | −0.22 (0.09) | 0.016 | −0.22 (0.11) | 0.050 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | −0.02 (0.25) | 0.941 | 0.33 (0.29) | 0.256 | 0.31 (0.34) | 0.357 |
| WC (inches) | −0.22 (0.22) | 0.323 | 0.09 (0.25) | 0.721 | 0.20 (0.29) | 0.501 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 0.85 (0.56) | 0.130 | 1.00 (0.51) | 0.055 | 0.47 (0.81) | 0.566 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 0.44 (0.49) | 0.378 | 1.08 (0.40) | 0.009 | 1.74 (0.63) | 0.007 |
| Fasting glucose (mg/dl) | 0.66 (1.05) | 0.532 | −0.26 (0.97) | 0.791 | 1.17 (1.07) | 0.279 |
| HbA1c (%) | 0.04 (0.03) | 0.260 | −0.001 (0.06) | 0.983 | 0.05 (0.07) | 0.436 |
| Total Cholesterol (mg/dl) | −0.19 (1.43) | 0.895 | 0.04 (1.56) | 0.980 | −2.90 (1.72) | 0.097 |
| HDL (mg/dl) | −0.14 (0.58) | 0.807 | −0.57 (0.76) | 0.454 | −0.62 (0.88) | 0.482 |
| LDL (mg/dl) | −0.50 (1.28) | 0.696 | 0.75 (1.36) | 0.584 | −2.60 (1.51) | 0.088 |
| Triglycerides (mg/dl) | 2.29 (1.77) | 0.198 | −0.84 (2.00) | 0.677 | 1.61 (2.77) | 0.562 |
a CVH: cardiovascular health; AHA: American Heart Association; BMI: body mass index; DBP: diastolic blood pressure; HbA1c: glycated hemoglobin; LS7: Life’s Simple 7; SBP: systolic blood pressure; SE: standard error; WC: waist circumference; b Models were adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, health insurance, and physical activity. For AHA LS7 score, models were adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, and health insurance; c Additional adjustment for BMI slightly attenuated magnitude of NFD with DBP associations but not their statistical significance. Specifically, BMI-adjusted results were the following: cross-sectional associations of NFD with DBP at 1 y (β(SE) = 0.98 (0.40), p = 0.017); prospective associations of baseline NFD with DBP at 1 y (β(SE) = 1.59 (0.62), p = 0.011).