Table 3.
Amino acid score (AAS) and essential amino acid index (EAAI) values for Porphyra dioica (blades and conchocelis), Porphyra umbilicalis (blades and conchocelis), Gracilaria vermiculophylla, and Ulva rigida.
| Essential Amino Acids | Amino Acids Scoring Pattern | Porphyra dioica | Porphyra umbilicalis | Gracilaria vermiculophylla | Ulva rigida | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| (mg AA/g Protein) [27] | Blades | Conchocelis | Blades | Conchocelis | |||
| His | 15 | 9.96 ± 2.61 c | 23.09 ± 0.11 b | 8.56 ± 0.19 c | 28.05 ± 0.67 a | 10.70 ± 0.29 c | 30.71 ± 0.64 a |
| Ile | 30 | 40.30 ± 0.07 d | 39.39 ± 0.22 d | 42.99 ± 0.22 c | 36.55 ± 0.15 e | 54.94 ± 0.66 a | 46.11 ± 0.87 b |
| Leu | 59 | 81.52 ± 0.30 b | 76.86 ± 0.05 cd | 83.40 ± 0.22 ab | 75.21 ± 0.32 c | 84.53 ± 0.52 a | 82.02 ± 1.71 b |
| Lys | 45 | 56.76 ± 4.36 c | 77.94 ± 0.81 a | 59.88 ± 0.58 bc | 69.92 ± 2.93 ab | 54.40 ± 0.36 c | 49.37 ± 8.47 c |
| Met | 22 * | 10.87 ± 1.05 b | 19.17 ± 0.09 a | 12.43 ± 0.22 b | 20.54 ± 0.21 a | 12.88 ± 1.33 b | 19.93 ± 0.77 a |
| Phe + Tyr | 38 | 75.61 ± 0.14 d | 76.24 ± 0.23 cd | 72.60 ± 0.27 e | 77.53 ± 0.59 c | 90.81 ± 0.57 b | 93.90 ± 1.09 a |
| Thr | 23 | 60.17 ± 0.96 ab | 51.71 ± 0.10 cd | 62.73 ± 0.42 a | 51.54 ± 0.53 c | 58.24 ± 0.23 b | 50.78 ± 2.21 c |
| Trp | 6 | 2.92 ± 0.25 d | 5.23 ± 0.27 b | 4.09 ± 0.26 c | 5.96 ± 0.35 b | 3.97 ± 0.17 c | 8.80 ± 0.37 a |
| Val | 39 | 60.50 ± 0.47 c | 63.65 ± 0.39 b | 66.14 ± 0.32 a | 59.16 ± 0.65 c | 64.09 ± 1.01 b | 60.06 ± 0.85 c |
| LAA | - | Trp | Met | Met | Met | Met | Met |
| AAS (%) | - | 48.7 | 87.1 | 56.5 | 93.4 | 58.4 | 90.8 |
| EAAI (%) | - | 90.8 | 114.2 | 96.5 | 115.7 | 101.9 | 123.4 |
LAA: limiting amino acid; AAS: amino acid score; EAAI: essential amino acid index. * Met + Cys. Amino acids represented using the 3-letter abbreviation code. In each row, different superscript letters represent significant differences between samples (p < 0.05) while the same superscript letters denote no significant differences (p > 0.05).