Table 1.
Unprotected Papilionidae species sheltered under umbrella species (in the protected SSP List) via sharing larval food plants.
| Protected Species | Larval Food Plants | Sheltered Species |
|---|---|---|
| Teinopalpus aureus |
Magnolia spp., Michelia spp. (magnolia) |
Teinopalpus imperialis, Graphium agamemnon, G. doson, G. chironides |
| Bhutanitis thaidina and B. mansfieldi |
Aristolochia spp. (birthwort, pipevine, Dutchman’s pipe) |
Byasa plutonius, B. nevilli, B. latreillei, B. polla, B. hedistus, B. polyeuctes, B. daemonius, B. rhadinus, B. confusa, B. impediens, Pachliopta aristolochiae, Troides aeacus, Bhutanitis lidderdalii |
| Luehdorfia chinensis |
Asarum spp. (wild ginger) |
Luehdorfia longicaudata |
| Parnassius apollo |
Rhodiola spp. (golden root, rose root) |
Parnassius nomion, P. epaphus, P. mercurius, P. actius, P. tianschanicus, P. apollonius |