Table 3.
Effects of HAMA-ERY combination and GA-AMP combination on swarm motility and swim motility of Escherichia coli.
| Test Groups | Swarm Zone Diameter (mm) (mean ± SD) | Swim Zone Diameter (mm) (mean ± SD) |
|---|---|---|
| Control | 23.33 ± 2.08 | 22.00 ± 1.73 |
| ERY (1× MIC) | 6.67 ± 1.15 ***,# | 5.67 ± 0.58 **,# |
| HAMA (1× MIC) | 3.33 ± 0.58 **,# | 7.33 ± 1.53 ***,# |
| HAMA (1× MIC) + ERY (1× MIC) | 0.00 ± 0.00 *,# | 0.00 ± 0.00 *,# |
| HAMA (½× MIC) + ERY (½× MIC) | 0.00 ± 0.00 *,# | 2.67 ± 0.58 *,# |
| Control | 21.67 ± 2.52 | 21.33 ± 3.06 |
| AMP (1× MIC) | 11.33 ± 1.53 ***,# | 5.67 ± 1.15 ***,# |
| GA (1× MIC) | 4.00 ± 1.73 **,# | 4.33 ± 1.53 **,# |
| GA (1× MIC) + AMP (1× MIC) | 0.00 ± 0.00 *,# | 1.67 ± 1.53 *,# |
| GA (½× MIC) + AMP (½× MIC) | 3.67 ± 1.15 **,# | 4.00 ± 1.00 **,# |
Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance with F-test. Data represented as mean ± standard deviation of three (n = 3) independent experiments. *, ** and *** represent significance differences among the effects of individual drugs and combination drug with the P-value of (P < 0.05), (P < 0.001), respectively. # Represents significance difference (P < 0.05) compared with the untreated control group. AMP, ampicillin; ERY, erythromycin; GA, gallic acid; HAMA, hamamelitannin; MIC: minimum inhibitory concentration; SD, standard deviation.