Table 3.
Total carbohydrates, starch, and total sugar distribution (% of total energy) in the Spanish Pediatric Population (EsNuPI) study in both Spanish Reference Cohort, Adapted Milk Consumers Cohort.
| Group | Group by Age | Boys | Girls | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | Median (P25–P75) | n | Median (P25–P75) | |||
| Carbohydrates (%) | SRS | 1 to <3 years | 84 | 46.4 (41.8–50.7) a | 78 | 45.9 (39.9–51.3) |
| 3 to <6 years | 122 | 44.9 (41.1–49.5) b | 122 | 44.4 (39.3–49.4) | ||
| 6 to <10 years | 151 | 45.0 (41.2–48.6) b | 150 | 45.4 (40.6–49.5) | ||
| AMS | 1 to <3 years | 144 | 48.4 (43.6–52.5) *,a | 150 | 47.6 (43.6–53.0) * | |
| 3 to <6 years | 128 | 46.2 (41.6–50.1) b | 134 | 46.0 (41.3–50.0) | ||
| 6 to <10 years | 99 | 45.0 (41.2–49.3) b | 86 | 45.8 (41.9–49.2) | ||
| Starch (%) |
SRS | 1 to <3 years | 84 | 16.4 (13.6–23.6) a | 78 | 17.8 (13.7–22.9) a |
| 3 to <6 years | 122 | 24.0 (19.0–28.1) b | 122 | 22.5 (18.1–26.6) b | ||
| 6 to <10 years | 151 | 24.7 (20.9–28.6) b | 150 | 24.8 (20.7–29.7) c | ||
| AMS | 1 to <3 years | 144 | 15.0 (10.6–20.0) *,a | 150 | 17.3 (12.7–22.3) a | |
| 3 to <6 years | 128 | 21.8 (18.7–25.5) *,b | 134 | 21.8 (17.6–26.5) b | ||
| 6 to <10 years | 99 | 23.2 (19.2–27.7) b | 86 | 23.1 (19.7–27.3) b | ||
| Total sugar (%) |
SRS | 1 to <3 years | 84 | 25.7 (20.5–31.1) a | 78 | 25.5 (20.6–30.6) a |
| 3 to <6 years | 122 | 20.8 (17.5–24.6) b | 122 | 21.8 (18.3–25.4) b | ||
| 6 to <10 years | 151 | 20.1 (16.9–24.7) b | 150 | 19.3 (15.9–22.7) c | ||
| AMS | 1 to <3 years | 144 | 25.4 (21.3–30.8) a | 150 | 24.4 (19.8–29.4) a | |
| 3 to <6 years | 128 | 22.9 (19.1–25.8) b | 134 | 21.7 (18.4–24.6) b | ||
| 6 to <10 years | 99 | 21.1 (17.8–24.0) b | 86 | 22.0 (17.3–25.0) b | ||
Spanish Reference Cohort (SRS), Adapted Milk Consumers Cohort (AMS) and Confidence interval (CI). Values are presented as mean (confidence interval), median (interquartile range) and percentage per group. * p < 0.05 difference vs. reference cohort (Mann-Whitney’s U test). Values that do not share superscript are significantly different between age-groups for each gender and in each cohort type (p ≤ 0.05; Kruskal–Wallis test and the Dunn test to adjust for multiple comparison and adjust the p-value with Bonferroni correction).