Table 6.
Total carbohydrates, starch, total sugar, and fiber intake in relation to body composition amongst the Spanish Pediatric Population (EsNuPI) study in the Spanish Reference Cohort (SRS) and the Adapted Milk Consumers Cohort (AMS).
| n | Carbohydrates (g/Day) | Starch (g/Day) | Total Sugar (g/Day) | Fiber (g/Day) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Group | SRS | AMS | SRS | AMS | SRS | AMS | SRS | AMS | SRS | AMS | |
| BMI-for-age percentile | Severe underweight | 11 | 17 | 135.6 a
(109.8–257.1) |
130.1 (108.3–165.9) |
65.3 (39.1–145.2) |
53.8 a,b
(25.8–85.7) |
86.5 (41.7–111.9) |
70.3 (52.8–82.8) |
12.1 (10.1–15.7) |
9.7 (7.6–14.6) |
| Underweight | 80 | 83 | 125.4 a,b (125.4–184.1) |
158.3 (130.0–197.1) |
76.4 (52.8–104.5) |
74.6 b (53.0–99.5) |
74.9 (58.3–96.9) |
75.0 (63.2–89.9) |
10.4 (7.4–13.2) |
10.8 (8.0–14.1) |
|
| Normal | 359 | 391 | 167.23 b (139.3–204.7) |
159.6 * (128.0–193.4) |
84.5 (63.2–113.1) |
75.3 ***,b (47.4–97.8) |
78.0 (62.6–93.8) |
75.2 (58.8–93.0) |
11.8 (8.5–14.9) |
10.5 *** (8.0–13.8) |
|
| Overweight | 153 | 133 | 165.9 a,b (127.0–203.7) |
165.5 (132.7–197.6) |
84.6 (54.6–116.8) |
67.7 ***,a,b (40.0–92.4) |
76.0 (59.3–98.5) |
84.5 (65.0–99.9) |
11.3 (7.5–14.5) |
11.4 (8.7–14.1) |
|
| Obesity | 104 | 117 | 165.6 a,b (135.6–206.9) |
153.7 * (126.2–182.7) |
86.4 (63.5–112.2) |
62.0 ***,a (37.5–89.6) |
80.1 (65.5–95.3) |
79.4 (61.9 – 94.0) |
11.0 (8.5–14.9) |
10.8 (7.7–13.6) |
|
Values are presented as median (interquartile range) per group. * p < 0.05 difference vs reference cohort (Mann-Whitney’s U test). *** p < 0.001 difference vs reference cohort (Mann-Whitney’s U test). Values that do not share superscript are significantly different between age-groups for each gender and in each cohort type (p ≤ 0.05; Kruskal–Wallis test and the Dunn test to adjust for multiple comparison and adjust the p-value with Bonferroni correction).