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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Apr 1.
Published in final edited form as: Astrophys J Suppl Ser. 2021 Mar 26;253(2):44. doi: 10.3847/1538-4365/abe469

SiO, 29SiO, and 30SiO emission from 67 oxygen-rich stars. A survey of 61 maser lines from 7 to 1 mm

J R Rizzo 1,2,✉, J Cernicharo 3, C Garoía-Miró 4
PMCID: PMC7610587  EMSID: EMS120887  PMID: 33854258

Abstract

Circumstellar environments of oxygen-rich stars are among the strongest SiO maser emitters. Physical processes such as collisions, infrared pumping and overlaps favors the inversion of level population and produce maser emission at different vibrational states. Despite numerous observational and theoretical efforts, we still do not have an unified picture including all the physical processes involved in the SiO maser emission. The aim of this work is to provide homogeneous data in a large sample of oxygen-rich stars. We present a survey of 67 oxygen-rich stars from 7 to 1 mm, in their rotational transitions from J = 1 → 0 to J = 5 → 4, for vibrational numbers v from 0 to 6 in the three main SiO isotopologues. We have used one of the 34 m NASA antennas at Robledo and the IRAM 30 m radio telescope. The first tentative detection of a v = 6 line is reported, as well as the detection of new maser lines. The highest vibrational levels seem confined to small volumes, presumably close to the stars. The J = 1 → 0, v = 2 line flux is greater than the corresponding v = 1 in almost half of the sample, which may confirm a predicted dependence on the pulsation cycle. This database is potentially useful in models which should consider most of the physical agents, time dependency, and mass-loss rates. As by-product, we report detections of 27 thermal rotational lines from other molecules, including isotopologues of SiS, H2S, SO, SO2, and NaCl.

Keywords: ISM: molecules; masers - stars: circumstellar matter; stars: evolution; stars: winds, outflows; surveys

Facilities: MDSCC:DSS-54, IRAM:30m

1. Introduction

Evolved oxygen-rich stars are among the most powerful maser emitters known to date. Maser emission in 28SiO rotational transitions of vibrationally excited states is ubiquitous and very intense in these sources. Rotational transitions up to J = 7 → 6 have been detected in the vibrational states v = 1, 2, 3 and 4 (Jewell et al. 1987; Gray et al. 1995; Cernicharo et al. 1993, and references therein). A certain number of maser lines have been also detected in the ground and excited vibrational states of the rare isotopologues 29SiO and 30SiO (e.g. Deguchi et al. 1983; Cernicharo et al. 1991; Alcolea & Bujarrabal 1992; Cernicharo & Bujarrabal 1992; González-Alfonso et al. 1996).

Despite the large amount of observational data available in the literature, SiO maser emission has complex aspects that deserve further observational and theoretical effort. Besides the overall inversion of the rotational levels in each vibrational ladder, the SiO emission displays intriguing anomalies in some specific rotational lines, such as drastic changes in intensity from one rotational line to the next within the same v-state. Although the general inversion process seems to be relatively well understood (e.g. Bujarrabal 1994a,b), the differences in the emission of adjacent rotational lines are difficult to explain upon standard radiative and collisional pumping models.

Such anomalies, which are particularly important for the high-v states of 28SiO, also apply to the less-abundant isotopologues 29SiO and 30SiO in v = 0, 1, 2 and 3 (Cernicharo et al. 1991; Cernicharo & Bujarrabal 1992; Cernicharo et al. 1993). They have been interpreted as a result of infrared overlaps between the ro-vibrational lines of the 28SiO, 29SiO and 30SiO (González-Alfonso & Cernicharo 1997; Herpin & Baudry 2000). The excitation of the vibrational levels depends on the amount of dust in the envelope and on the effective temperature of the star photosphere. Furthermore, an overlap between SiO and H2O has been proposed to explain the v = 2 J = 2 → 1 line of 28SiO (Olofsson et al. 1981, 1985; Langer & Watson 1984; Bujarrabal et al. 1996).

Optical pumping is also a possible mechanism to account for the observed features in these lines. Rausch et al. (1996) have modelled synthetic atmospheres of M-stars immersed in expanding envelopes and show that optical pumping may account for some features of maser emission even without collisions; moreover, the regions of inversion may be different from one isotopologue to another, depending on the velocity difference between the photosphere and the emitting volume. Optical pumping through the A1Π-X1Σ electronic transition could be very efficient in stars with moderate/low mass loss rate and hot photospheres in which photons at 250 nm could excite the 1Π state. Excitation through the triplet states of SiO could also occur at 330 nm.

The excitation of the SiO masers through collisions with H2 and He is a subject still open. Before the work of Dayou & Balança (2006), who performed new potential energy surface calculations of the system SiO/He/pH2, there were not accurate ro-vibrational collisional rates. Recently, Balança & Dayou (2017) extended the computation of collisional rates with He in the temperature range 300 – 6 000 K, for the first six vibrational levels and up to the rotational states J = 40.

Despite the many years since the discovery of SiO masers, robust and realistic models which take into account all the possible mechanisms for pumping are still necessary. To distinguish between the different physical processes leading to the population inversion of the SiO energy levels, and to retrieve key information about the physical conditions of the gas in the region between the photosphere and the dust growth zone, it is necessary to gather the most complete, simultaneous and homogeneous sample of the SiO rotational emission in the different vibrational states. The current availability of wideband backends spanning several GHz of instantaneous bandwidths make possible nowadays this kind of studies. These backends permit the simultaneous observation of multiple spectral lines avoiding the problem of the intrinsic variability. Furthermore, it permits to optimize observing time and to minimize the impact of the uncertainties of physical parameters associated to calibration and pointing.

There are dozens of SiO surveys of evolved stars, covering different lines, isotopologues and, in some cases, with great detail of the emitting regions thanks to the use of interferometers. Some of the most complete surveys include the observation of 11 lines of 28SiO in 6 evolved stars by Schwartz et al. (1982), the line survey in the red supergiant VY CMa by Cernicharo et al. (1993), the study of 12 sources by Pardo et al. (1998), the survey by Cho et al. (1996) of six J = 1 → 0 transitions in various vibrational states of 28SiO and 29SiO, and the study of the J = 1 → 0 v = 1 and 2 lines done by Kim et al. (2010). Most of the other studies, however, have been carried out in different epochs, with different instruments and, sometimes, without a complete coverage of the rotational transitions from different vibrational levels. Due to the variability of the SiO maser emission and to the complexity of the physics of stellar pulsation (which is in turn associated to the line pumping), the observations gathered in different epochs cannot be compared to infer robust conclusions about the excitation of SiO.

In this paper, we report a survey of SiO, 29SiO, and 30SiO maser lines towards 67 evolved oxygen-rich stars. The selected sources span different mass losses, temperatures, and C/O abundance ratio1. As a by-product, this work also provides valuable information about the molecular content of these objects in the surveyed frequency ranges. The survey was done using one of the 34 m antenna of the Madrid Deep Space Communications Complex (hereafter MDSCC) and the IRAM 30 m radio telescope at Pico Veleta. A total of 61 transitions from J = 1 → 0 to 5 → 4, and v = 0 to 6 was observed in the whole sample. In Sect. 2 we describe the observations. We present the results in Sect. 3. In Sect. 4 we discuss some global results of the survey, including polarization, variability, some special cases and the identification of other spectral lines. We summarize the main findings in Sect. 5. In a follow up paper, we plan to use this database to model the circumstellar envelopes (CSEs), using an already developed non-local radiative transfer code which includes infrared overlaps between the three silicon isotopes of SiO, collisional pumping, and optical and infrared excitation.

2. Observations

2.1. Overview, sources and strategy

As said in the previous section, we have done a survey of 67 oxygen-rich evolved stars in their SiO, 29SiO, and 30SiO maser line emission. The DSS-54 antenna of the Madrid Deep Space Communications Complex (MDSCC) was used in the first part of the survey to observe the J = 1 → 0 lines, at a wavelength of 7 mm (~ 43 GHz). Based on these initial results, we observed the most relevant sources in the J = 2 → 1 to 5 → 4, at wavelengths of 3, 2 and 1 mm, using the 30 m IRAM radio telescope at Pico Veleta (Spain). The MDSCC observations were done between March and July 2012, and the IRAM observations in August 2012.

We have chosen the observing modes and the bands in order to optimize the tuning of the largest possible number of simultaneous lines. The lines observed (61 in total) and their corresponding frequencies are indicated in Table 1. The frequencies have been obtained from the CDMS2 (Müller et al. 2001, 2005) and the JPL3 (Pickett et al. 1998) catalogues. We also used information from MADEX4 (Cernicharo 2012) when the above mentioned catalogues did not provided sufficient precision. The list of the observed sources are presented in Table 2, together with some useful information, such as the date of observation, transitions, observing modes, velocity spacing, integration time, rms noise, and polarization recorded. The DSS-54 antenna is able to record both circular polarizations, while the 30 m radio telescope records lineal polarizations.

Table 1. Frequencies of the observed lines (in MHz).

SiO
v J = 1 → 0 J = 2 → 1 J = 3 → 2 J = 4 → 3 J = 5 → 4
0 43423.85163 86846.9600 130268.6100 173688.3100 217104.9800
1 43122.07310 86243.3700 129363.2400 172481.1500 215595.9500
2 42820.58624 85640.4600 128458.8872 171275.2800 214088.5400
3 42519.38333 85038.0464 127555.2739 170070.3500 212582.6000
4 42218.45653 84436.1911 126652.4901 168866.6332 211077.8700
5 83834.8731 167663.9945
6 83234.0760 166462.3977
29SiO
v J = 1 → 0 J = 2 → 1 J = 3 → 2 J = 4 → 3 J = 5 → 4
0 42879.94655 85759.1990 128637.0500 171512.8027 214385.7577
1 42583.82840 85166.9603 127748.6912 170328.3228 212905.1554
2 42287.99473 84575.2900 126861.1851 169144.9799 211425.9744
3 83984.1744 167962.7457 209948.1793
4 166781.6000
5 165602.4900
30SiO
v J = 1 → 0 J = 2 → 1 J = 3 → 2 J = 4 → 3 J = 5 → 4
0 42373.42369 84746.1702 127117.5479 169486.8766 211853.4736
1 42082.54453 84164.4095 168323.3529 210399.0665
2 83583.2041 167160.9396
3 165999.6090
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Table 2. Sources observed.

ID Source RA (J2000) hh:mm:ss.ss Dec (J2000) ±dd:mm:ss.s V LSR km s−1 Date a mm-dd J → J – 1 Mode b vel. spacing km s−1 tint min. rmsc Jy Pol.d
1 Y Cas 00:03:21.40 +55:40:52.2 –17.0 05-21 1 – 0 FSw 1.28 24 0.05 LCP
2 IRC+40004 00:06:53.24 +43:05:03.0 –19.7 05-21 1 –0 FSw 1.28 9 0.06 LCP
3 T Cas 00:23:14.27 +55:47:33.2 1.0 05-21 1 – 0 FSw 1.28 15 0.06 LCP
4 08-01 2 –1 WSw 0.66 16 0.14 HLP
5 08-01 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 16 0.14 VLP
6 08-03 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 30 0.12 HLP
7 08-03 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 30 0.12 VLP
8 08-03 3 – 2 WSw 0.46 15 0.14 HLP
9 08-03 3 – 2 WSw 0.46 15 0.13 VLP
10 08-01 4 – 3 WSw 0.34 8 1.20 HLP
11 08-01 4 – 3 WSw 0.34 8 1.02 VLP
12 R And 00:24:01.97 +38:34:40.3 –16.0 07-19 1 – 0 PSw 1.28 15 0.09 LCP
13 07-19 1 – 0* e PSw 0.21 15 0.16 RCP
14 IRC+10011 01:06:25.98 +12:35:53.0 9.0 07-19 1 – 0 PSw 1.28 26 0.07 LCP
15 07-19 1 – 0* PSw 0.21 9 0.18 RCP
16 08-01 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 22 0.15 HLP
17 08-01 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 22 0.14 VLP
18 08-03 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 24 0.13 HLP
19 08-03 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 24 0.13 VLP
20 08-04 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 44 0.11 HLP
21 08-04 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 44 0.10 VLP
22 08-03 3 – 2 WSw 0.46 12 0.15 HLP
23 08-03 3 – 2 WSw 0.46 12 0.14 VLP
24 08-01 4 – 3 WSw 0.34 11 1.17 HLP
25 08-01 4 – 3 WSw 0.34 11 1.02 VLP
26 08-04 4 – 3* f WSw 0.35 13 0.57 HLP
27 08-04 4 – 3* WSw 0.35 13 0.51 VLP
28 08-04 5 – 4 WSw 0.27 18 0.72 HLP
29 08-04 5 – 4 WSw 0.27 18 0.71 VLP
30 IRC+30021 01:11:15.94 +30:38:06.0 -39.3 07-19 1 – 0 PSw 1.28 9 0.10 LCP
31 07-19 1 – 0* PSw 0.21 9 0.04 RCP
32 H2O125.6 01:16:37.16 +64:50:39.1 -53.0 07-02 1 – 0 PSw 1.28 15 0.10 LCP
33 07-02 1 – 0* PSw 0.21 15 0.26 RCP
34 S Cas 01:19:41.99 +72:36:40.8 -30.0 07-02 1 – 0 PSw 1.28 4 0.16 LCP
35 07-02 1 – 0* PSw 0.21 4 0.43 RCP
36 07-19 1 – 0 PSw 1.28 18 0.07 LCP
37 07-19 1 – 0* PSw 0.21 13 0.21 RCP
38 08-01 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 16 0.16 HLP
39 08-01 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 16 0.16 VLP
40 08-03 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 25 0.14 HLP
41 08-03 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 25 0.13 VLP
42 08-03 3 – 2 WSw 0.46 12 0.15 HLP
43 08-03 3 – 2 WSw 0.46 12 0.13 VLP
44 08-01 4 – 3 WSw 0.34 8 1.30 HLP
45 08-01 4 – 3 WSw 0.34 8 1.12 VLP
46 IRC+50049 01:58:41.77 +45:26:16.2 4.4 06-23 1 – 0 PSw 1.28 13 0.11 LCP
47 06-23 1 – 0* PSw 0.21 13 0.29 RCP
48 W And 02:17:33.24 +44:18:23.0 –34.0 06-23 1 – 0 PSw 1.28 14 0.12 LCP
49 06-23 1 – 0* PSw 0.21 15 0.33 RCP
50 O Cet 02:19:20.78 –2:58:39.5 45.0 07-26 1 – 0 PSw 1.28 14 0.11 LCP
51 07-26 1 – 0* PSw 0.21 16 0.26 RCP
52 08-01 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 22 0.16 HLP
53 08-01 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 22 0.15 VLP
54 08-02 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 35 0.14 HLP
55 08-02 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 35 0.13 VLP
56 08-04 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 39 0.12 HLP
57 08-04 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 39 0.11 VLP
58 08-02 3 – 2 WSw 0.46 17 0.18 HLP
59 08-02 3 – 2 WSw 0.46 17 0.16 VLP
60 08-01 4 – 3 WSw 0.34 12 1.41 HLP
61 08-01 4 – 3 WSw 0.34 11 1.15 VLP
62 08-04 4 – 3 WSw 0.35 8 0.77 HLP
63 08-04 4 – 3* WSw 0.35 8 0.69 VLP
64 08-04 5 – 4 WSw 0.27 22 0.72 HLP
65 08-04 5 – 4 WSw 0.27 22 0.70 VLP
66 S Per 02:22:51.71 +58:35:11.5 –38.0 06-23 1 – 0 PSw 1.28 16 0.10 LCP
67 06-23 1 – 0* PSw 0.21 18 0.37 RCP
68 07-02 1 – 0 PSw 1.28 11 0.10 LCP
69 07-02 1 – 0* PSw 0.21 11 0.26 RCP
70 08-02 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 25 0.14 HLP
71 08-02 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 26 0.14 VLP
72 08-03 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 26 0.13 HLP
73 08-03 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 26 0.12 VLP
74 08-04 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 41 0.10 HLP
75 08-04 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 41 0.10 VLP
76 08-03 3 – 2 WSw 0.46 13 0.14 HLP
77 08-03 3 – 2 WSw 0.46 13 0.13 VLP
78 08-02 4 – 3 WSw 0.34 13 1.13 HLP
79 08-02 4 – 3 WSw 0.34 13 1.39 VLP
80 08-04 4 – 3* WSw 0.35 8 0.58 HLP
81 08-04 4 – 3* WSw 0.35 8 0.52 VLP
82 08-04 5 – 4 WSw 0.27 24 0.65 HLP
83 08-04 5 – 4 WSw 0.27 24 0.64 VLP
84 IRC+60092 02:35:46.01 +65:09:41.1 23.1 07-02 1 – 0 PSw 1.28 24 0.07 LCP
85 07-02 1 – 0* PSw 0.21 24 0.19 RCP
86 02395+624 02:43:28.10 +62:57:05.6 –70.0 07-02 1 – 0 PSw 1.28 10 0.11 LCP
87 07-02 1 – 0* PSw 0.21 10 0.28 RCP
88 02404+215 02:43:16.20 +22:03:34.6 –39.0 07-26 1 – 0 PSw 1.28 10 0.09 LCP
89 07-26 1 – 0* PSw 0.21 10 0.24 RCP
90 RU Ari 02:44:45.18 +12:19:08.2 20.0 07-26 1 – 0 PSw 1.28 9 0.10 LCP
91 07-26 1 – 0* PSw 0.21 9 0.26 RCP
92 T Ari 02:48:19.74 +17:30:33.8 −5.0 08-02 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 26 0.17 HLP
93 08-02 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 26 0.16 VLP
94 08-03 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 30 0.12 HLP
95 08-03 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 30 0.12 VLP
96 08-03 3 – 2 WSw 0.46 15 0.14 HLP
97 08-03 3 – 2 WSw 0.46 15 0.13 VLP
98 08-02 4 – 3 WSw 0.34 13 1.61 HLP
99 08-02 4 – 3 WSw 0.34 13 1.28 VLP
100 02547+1106 02:57:27.48 +11:18:05.7 18.3 08-02 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 26 0.17 HLP
101 08-02 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 26 0.16 VLP
102 08-02 4 – 3 WSw 0.34 13 1.61 HLP
103 08-02 4 – 3 WSw 0.34 13 1.26 VLP
104 IRC+20052 03:01:34.64 +21:48:12.3 -36.5 06-23 1 – 0 PSw 1.28 14 0.10 LCP
105 06-23 1 – 0* PSw 0.21 14 0.26 RCP
106 AFGL 490 03:27:37.61 +58:46:58.0 33.0 07-02 1 – 0 PSw 1.28 12 0.10 LCP
107 07-02 1 – 0* PSw 0.21 12 0.26 RCP
108 NML Tau 03:53:28.87 +11:24:21.7 33.0 08-01 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 20 0.17 HLP
109 08-01 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 20 0.18 VLP
110 08-03 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 22 0.12 HLP
111 08-03 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 22 0.12 VLP
112 08-04 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 45 0.10 HLP
113 08-04 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 45 0.10 VLP
114 08-03 3 – 2 WSw 0.46 11 0.14 HLP
115 08-03 3 – 2 WSw 0.46 11 0.13 VLP
116 08-01 4 – 3 WSw 0.34 10 1.37 HLP
117 08-01 4 – 3 WSw 0.34 10 1.26 VLP
118 08-04 4 – 3* WSw 0.35 11 0.52 HLP
119 08-04 4 – 3* WSw 0.35 11 0.48 VLP
120 08-04 5 – 4 WSw 0.27 23 0.75 HLP
121 08-04 5 – 4 WSw 0.27 23 0.73 VLP
122 IRC+30072 04:09:36.97 +33:29:37.4 7.0 08-01 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 16 0.14 HLP
123 08-01 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 16 0.14 VLP
124 08-01 4 – 3 WSw 0.34 8 1.20 HLP
125 08-01 4 – 3 WSw 0.34 8 0.99 VLP
126 TW Cam 04:20:47.63 +57:26:28.5 –50.0 08-02 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 33 0.16 HLP
127 08-02 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 33 0.16 VLP
128 08-02 4 – 3 WSw 0.34 16 1.70 HLP
129 08-02 4 – 3 WSw 0.34 16 1.65 VLP
130 S Tau 04:29:11.74 +09:56:43.4 17.0 08-01 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 20 0.16 HLP
131 08-01 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 20 0.15 VLP
132 08-03 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 26 0.13 HLP
133 08-03 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 26 0.12 VLP
134 08-03 3 – 2 WSw 0.46 13 0.14 HLP
135 08-03 3 – 2 WSw 0.46 13 0.13 VLP
136 08-01 4 – 3 WSw 0.34 10 1.30 HLP
137 08-01 4 – 3 WSw 0.34 10 1.06 VLP
138 IRC+10066 04:38:14.56 +08:20:09.2 –44.0 08-01 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 21 0.20 HLP
139 08-01 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 21 0.16 VLP
140 08-03 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 29 0.13 HLP
141 08-03 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 29 0.12 VLP
142 08-03 3 – 2 WSw 0.46 14 0.14 HLP
143 08-03 3 – 2 WSw 0.46 14 0.13 VLP
144 08-01 4 – 3 WSw 0.34 10 1.36 HLP
145 08-01 3 – 4 WSw 0.34 10 1.36 VLP
146 TX Cam 05:00:50.39 +56:10:52.6 9.0 08-01 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 22 0.14 HLP
147 08-01 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 22 0.13 VLP
148 08-03 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 22 0.14 HLP
149 08-03 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 22 0.13 VLP
150 08-04 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 46 0.11 HLP
151 08-04 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 46 0.10 VLP
152 08-03 3 – 2 WSw 0.46 11 0.16 HLP
153 08-03 3 – 2 WSw 0.46 11 0.15 VLP
154 08-01 4 – 3 WSw 0.34 11 1.18 HLP
155 08-01 4 – 3 WSw 0.34 11 0.98 VLP
156 08-04 4 – 3* WSw 0.35 12 0.48 HLP
157 08-04 4 – 3* WSw 0.35 12 0.43 VLP
158 08-04 5 – 4 WSw 0.27 22 0.91 HLP
159 08-04 5 – 4 WSw 0.27 22 0.89 VLP
160 IRC+60154 05:19:52.56 +63:15:55.8 40.7 08-01 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 18 0.15 HLP
161 08-01 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 18 0.15 VLP
162 08-03 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 18 0.13 HLP
163 08-03 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 18 0.13 VLP
164 08-03 3 – 2 WSw 0.46 9 0.16 HLP
165 08-03 3 – 2 WSw 0.46 9 0.14 VLP
166 08-01 4 – 3 WSw 0.34 9 1.38 HLP
167 08-01 4 – 3 WSw 0.34 9 1.25 VLP
168 HK Ori 05:31:28.05 +12:09:10.3 11.0 08-01 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 17 0.17 HLP
169 08-01 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 17 0.16 VLP
170 08-01 4 – 3 WSw 0.34 8 1.38 HLP
171 08-01 4 – 3 WSw 0.34 8 1.13 VLP
172 α Ori 05:55:10.31 +07:24:25.0 3.0 05-11 1 – 0 FSw 1.28 15 0.10 LCP
173 08-01 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 20 0.17 HLP
174 08-01 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 20 0.16 VLP
175 08-01 4 – 3 WSw 0.34 10 1.43 HLP
176 08-01 4 – 3 WSw 0.34 10 1.25 VLP
177 U Ori 05:55:49.17 +20:10:30.7 –40.2 05-11 1 – 0 FSw 1.28 26 0.05 LCP
178 08-01 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 28 0.14 HLP
179 08-01 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 27 0.13 VLP
180 08-03 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 19 0.16 HLP
181 08-03 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 19 0.15 VLP
182 08-03 3 – 2 WSw 0.46 9 0.18 HLP
183 08-03 3 – 2 WSw 0.46 9 0.17 VLP
184 08-01 4 – 3 WSw 0.34 13 1.12 HLP
185 08-01 4 – 3 WSw 0.34 13 0.99 VLP
186 VY CMa 07:22:58.33 –25:46:03.2 22.0 05-11 1 – 0 PSw 1.28 1 0.41 LCP
187 08-01 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 28 0.19 HLP
188 08-01 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 28 0.19 VLP
189 08-03 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 16 0.21 HLP
190 08-03 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 16 0.21 VLP
191 08-04 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 22 0.19 HLP
192 08-04 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 22 0.18 VLP
193 08-03 3 – 2 WSw 0.46 8 0.37 HLP
194 08-03 3 – 2 WSw 0.46 8 0.37 VLP
195 08-01 4 – 3 WSw 0.34 14 3.36 HLP
196 08-01 4 – 3 WSw 0.34 14 2.86 VLP
197 08-04 4 – 3* WSw 0.35 6 2.52 HLP
198 08-04 4 – 3* WSw 0.35 6 2.30 VLP
199 08-04 5 – 4 WSw 0.27 10 1.68 HLP
200 08-04 5 – 4 WSw 0.27 10 1.63 VLP
201 S CMi 07:32:42.79 +08:19:07.0 58.0 05-08 1 – 0 FSw 1.28 17 0.04 LCP
202 RS Cnc 09:10:38.83 +30:57:48.6 7.0 05-08 1 – 0 FSw 1.28 27 0.05 LCP
203 R LMi 09:45:34.21 +34:30:43.9 3.0 05-08 1 – 0 FSw 1.28 30 0.05 LCP
204 05-15 1 – 0 FSw 1.28 20 0.14 LCP
205 R Leo 09:47:33.49 +11:25:43.7 −1.0 03-23 1 – 0 FSw 1.28 16 0.06 LCP
206 04-15 1 – 0 FSw 1.28 8 0.09 LCP
207 04-21 1 – 0 PSw 1.28 4 0.44 LCP
208 05-08 1 – 0 PSw 1.28 1 0.31 LCP
209 08-01 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 28 0.19 HLP
210 08-01 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 28 0.17 VLP
211 08-03 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 34 0.16 HLP
212 08-03 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 34 0.14 VLP
213 08-04 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 76 0.14 HLP
214 08-04 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 76 0.11 VLP
215 08-03 3 – 2 WSw 0.46 17 0.16 HLP
216 08-03 3 – 2 WSw 0.46 17 0.14 VLP
217 08-01 4 – 3 WSw 0.34 14 2.37 HLP
218 08-01 4 – 3 WSw 0.34 14 2.00 VLP
219 08-04 4 – 3* WSw 0.35 8 1.46 HLP
220 08-04 4 – 3* WSw 0.35 8 1.35 VLP
221 08-04 5 – 4 WSw 0.27 60 0.65 HLP
222 08-04 5 – 4 WSw 0.27 60 0.64 VLP
223 U Hya 10:37:33.27 –13:23:04.4 –30.3 04-21 1 – 0 FSw 1.28 16 0.07 LCP
224 R UMa 10:44:38.91 +68:46:32.9 40.0 05-11 1 – 0 FSw 1.28 26 0.06 LCP
225 W Leo 10:53:37.42 +13:42:55.2 51.0 04-15 1 – 0 FSw 1.28 13 0.07 LCP
226 R Com 12:04:15.43 +18:46:55.8 –7.0 03-23 1 – 0 FSw 1.28 9 0.06 LCP
227 R Vir 12:38:30.37 +06:59:17.9 –28.2 04-16 1 – 0 FSw 1.28 15 0.05 LCP
228 05-28 1 – 0 PSw 1.28 7 0.21 LCP
229 05-28 1 – 0* PSw 0.21 7 0.50 RCP
230 T Com 12:58:38.92 +23:08:21.5 28.0 03-23 1 – 0 FSw 1.28 10 0.07 LCP
231 08-01 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 20 0.31 HLP
232 08-01 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 20 0.44 VLP
233 08-02 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 28 0.24 HLP
234 08-02 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 28 0.24 VLP
235 08-02 3 – 2 WSw 0.46 14 0.40 HLP
236 08-02 3 – 2 WSw 0.46 14 0.36 VLP
237 08-01 4 – 3 WSw 0.34 10 7.12 HLP
238 08-01 4-3 WSw 0.34 10 7.39 VLP
239 RT Vir 13:02:37.78 +05:11:07.5 13.0 04-16 1 – 0 FSw 1.28 12 0.06 LCP
240 R Hya 13:29:42.87 -23:16:51.7 −5.0 04-21 1 – 0 FSw 1.28 12 0.10 LCP
241 W Hya 13:49:02.07 -28:22:02.7 38.8 04-22 1 – 0 FSw 1.28 28 0.16 LCP
242 RX Boo 14:24:11.63 +25:42:13.4 −2.0 04-16 1 – 0 FSw 1.28 15 0.07 LCP
243 08-01 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 28 0.17 HLP
244 08-01 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 26 0.21 VLP
245 08-02 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 20 0.17 HLP
246 08-02 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 20 0.17 VLP
247 08-03 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 44 0.13 HLP
248 08-03 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 44 0.13 VLP
249 08-02 3 – 2 WSw 0.46 10 0.22 HLP
250 08-02 3 – 2 WSw 0.46 10 0.21 VLP
251 08-01 4 – 3 WSw 0.34 13 1.94 HLP
252 08-01 4 – 3 WSw 0.34 13 1.81 VLP
253 08-03 4 – 3* WSw 0.35 10 0.70 HLP
254 08-03 4 – 3* WSw 0.35 10 0.65 VLP
255 08-03 5 – 4 WSw 0.27 24 2.69 HLP
256 08-03 5 – 4 WSw 0.27 24 2.64 VLP
257 RS Vir 14:27:15.40 +04:40:28.3 1.0 05-15 1 – 0 FSw 1.28 24 0.06 LCP
258 S Crb 15:21:23.96 +31:22:02.6 1.0 05-15 1 – 0 FSw 1.28 30 0.07 LCP
259 08-01 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 22 0.16 HLP
260 08-01 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 22 0.16 VLP
261 08-02 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 28 0.15 HLP
262 08-02 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 28 0.14 VLP
263 08-02 3 – 2 WSw 0.46 14 0.19 HLP
264 08-02 3 – 2 WSw 0.46 14 0.17 VLP
265 08-01 4 – 3 WSw 0.34 11 1.59 HLP
266 08-01 4 – 3 WSw 0.34 11 1.41 VLP
267 WX Ser 15:27:47.04 +19:33:51.7 7.0 05-15 1 – 0 FSw 1.28 30 0.05 LCP
268 08-01 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 26 0.17 HLP
269 08-01 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 26 0.17 VLP
270 08-02 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 24 0.15 HLP
271 08-02 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 24 0.15 VLP
272 08-02 3 – 2 WSw 0.46 12 0.19 HLP
273 08-02 3 – 2 WSw 0.46 12 0.18 VLP
274 08-01 4 – 3 WSw 0.34 13 1.62 HLP
275 08-01 4 – 3 WSw 0.34 13 1.44 VLP
276 U Ser 16:07:17.67 +09:55:52.5 –16.0 08-02 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 20 0.20 HLP
277 08-02 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 20 0.30 VLP
278 08-02 4 – 3 WSw 0.34 10 2.54 HLP
279 08-02 4 – 3 WSw 0.34 10 2.25 VLP
280 U Her 16:25:47.47 +18:53:32.9 –16.0 05-15 1 – 0 FSw 1.28 31 0.05 LCP
281 05-20 1 – 0 FSw 1.28 42 0.05 LCP
282 06-23 1 – 0 PSw 1.28 14 0.17 LCP
283 06-23 1 – 0* PSw 0.21 14 0.41 RCP
284 08-02 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 20 0.19 HLP
285 08-02 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 20 0.17 VLP
286 08-03 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 30 0.17 HLP
287 08-03 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 30 0.17 VLP
288 08-03 3 – 2 WSw 0.46 15 0.23 HLP
289 08-03 3 – 2 WSw 0.46 15 0.21 VLP
290 08-02 4 – 3 WSw 0.34 10 1.87 HLP
291 08-02 4 – 3 WSw 0.34 10 1.65 VLP
292 R UMi 16:29:57.90 +72:16:49.2 −12.0 05-11 1 – 0 FSw 1.28 25 0.08 LCP
293 08-02 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 22 0.16 HLP
294 08-02 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 22 0.16 VLP
295 08-03 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 22 0.14 HLP
296 08-03 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 22 0.13 VLP
297 08-03 3 – 2 WSw 0.46 11 0.17 HLP
298 08-03 3 – 2 WSw 0.46 11 0.15 VLP
299 08-02 4 – 3 WSw 0.34 11 1.38 HLP
300 08-02 4 – 3 WSw 0.34 11 1.22 VLP
301 IRC+20326 17:31:54.48 +17:45:28.7 −4.0 05-15 1 – 0 FSw 1.28 39 0.05 LCP
302 VX Sgr 18:08:04.05 −22:13:26.6 7.5 05-15 1 – 0 FSw 1.28 22 0.10 LCP
303 05-28 1 – 0 PSw 1.28 17 0.12 LCP
304 05-28 1 – 0* PSw 0.21 17 0.29 RCP
305 06-22 1 – 0* PSw 0.21 6 0.45 LCP
306 06-22 1 – 0* PSw 0.21 5 0.52 RCP
307 07-31 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 36 0.17 HLP
308 07-31 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 36 0.17 VLP
309 08-03 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 47 0.15 HLP
310 08-03 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 47 0.14 VLP
311 08-03 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 36 0.14 HLP
312 08-03 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 36 0.13 VLP
313 08-03 3 – 2 WSw 0.46 23 0.21 HLP
314 08-03 3 – 2 WSw 0.46 23 0.19 VLP
315 07-31 4 – 3 WSw 0.34 18 2.87 HLP
316 07-31 4 – 3 WSw 0.34 18 2.41 VLP
317 08-03 5 – 4 WSw 0.27 20 1.37 HLP
318 08-03 5 – 4 WSw 0.27 20 1.32 VLP
319 AFGL 2139 18:23:17.37 –13:42:48.4 37.0 05-21 1 – 0 FSw 1.28 31 0.07 LCP
320 V1111 Oph 18:37:19.26 +10:25:42.2 –31.4 05-21 1 – 0 FSw 1.28 29 0.06 LCP
321 08-01 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 32 0.14 HLP
322 08-01 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 32 0.13 VLP
323 08-03 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 24 0.15 HLP
324 08-03 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 24 0.14 VLP
325 08-04 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 26 0.12 HLP
326 08-04 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 26 0.11 VLP
327 08-03 3 – 2 WSw 0.46 12 0.18 HLP
328 08-03 3 – 2 WSw 0.46 12 0.16 VLP
329 08-01 4 – 3 WSw 0.34 16 1.19 HLP
330 08-01 4 – 3 WSw 0.34 16 1.06 VLP
331 08-04 5 – 4 WSw 0.27 26 0.55 HLP
332 08-04 5 – 4 WSw 0.27 26 0.55 VLP
333 R Aql 19:06:22.25 +08:13:48.0 48.3 05-21 1 – 0 FSw 1.28 30 0.05 LCP
334 08-01 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 44 0.11 HLP
335 08-01 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 45 0.10 VLP
336 08-03 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 22 0.20 HLP
337 08-03 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 22 0.19 VLP
338 08-03 3 – 2 WSw 0.46 11 0.26 HLP
339 08-03 3 – 2 WSw 0.46 11 0.23 VLP
340 08-01 4 – 3 WSw 0.34 22 1.05 HLP
341 08-01 4 – 3 WSw 0.34 22 1.10 VLP
342 W Aql 19:15:23.31 −07:02:49.8 −16.0 05-21 1 – 0 FSw 1.28 25 0.06 LCP
343 χ Cyg 19:50:33.92 +32:54:50.6 8.3 05-28 1 – 0 PSw 1.28 9 0.16 LCP
344 05-28 1 – 0* PSw 0.21 9 0.40 RCP
345 08-01 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 20 0.82 HLP
346 08-01 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 18 0.94 VLP
347 08-02 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 53 0.66 HLP
348 08-02 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 53 1.00 VLP
349 08-04 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 65 0.81 HLP
350 08-04 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 65 0.90 VLP
351 08-02 3 – 2 WSw 0.46 26 0.22 HLP
352 08-02 3 – 2 WSw 0.46 26 0.20 VLP
353 08-01 4 – 3 WSw 0.34 9 1.26 HLP
354 08-01 4 – 3 WSw 0.34 9 1.06 VLP
355 08-04 4 – 3* WSw 0.35 13 1.18 HLP
356 08-04 4 – 3* WSw 0.35 13 1.09 VLP
357 08-04 5 – 4 WSw 0.27 38 0.54 HLP
358 08-04 5 – 4 WSw 0.27 38 0.53 VLP
359 TW Aql 19:51:00.83 +13:59:14.2 38.0 05-28 1 – 0 PSw 1.28 13 0.06 LCP
360 05-28 1 – 0* PSw 0.21 4 0.44 RCP
361 RR Aql 19:57:36.06 –01:53:11.3 31.0 05-28 1 – 0 PSw 1.28 12 0.09 LCP
362 05-28 1 – 0* PSw 0.21 12 0.23 RCP
363 08-01 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 36 0.14 HLP
364 08-01 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 36 0.13 VLP
365 08-03 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 22 0.17 HLP
366 08-03 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 22 0.16 VLP
367 08-03 3 – 2 WSw 0.46 11 0.21 HLP
368 08-03 3 – 2 WSw 0.46 11 0.19 VLP
369 08-01 4 – 3 WSw 0.34 18 1.34 HLP
370 08-01 4 – 3 WSw 0.34 18 1.19 VLP
371 IRC-10529 20:10:27.61 –06:16:12.7 –15.1 05-28 1 – 0 PSw 1.28 11 0.11 LCP
372 05-28 1 – 0* PSw 0.21 11 0.28 RCP
373 07-26 1 – 0 PSw 1.28 11 0.11 LCP
374 07-26 1 – 0* PSw 0.21 11 0.23 RCP
375 NML Cyg 20:46:25.54 +40:06:59.4 –1.2 05-21 1 – 0 FSw 1.28 22 0.07 LCP
376 08-01 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 22 0.16 HLP
377 08-01 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 22 0.15 VLP
378 08-03 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 26 0.13 HLP
379 08-03 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 26 0.13 VLP
380 08-04 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 51 0.09 HLP
381 08-04 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 51 0.08 VLP
382 08-03 3 – 2 WSw 0.46 13 0.15 HLP
383 08-03 3 – 2 WSw 0.46 13 0.14 VLP
384 08-01 4 – 3 WSw 0.34 11 1.31 HLP
385 08-01 4 – 3 WSw 0.34 11 1.09 VLP
386 08-04 4 – 3* WSw 0.35 11 0.76 HLP
387 08-04 4 – 3* WSw 0.35 11 0.71 VLP
388 08-04 5 – 4 WSw 0.27 28 0.59 HLP
389 08-04 5 – 4 WSw 0.27 28 0.59 VLP
390 T Cep 21:09:31.78 +68:29:27.2 0.0 05-21 1 – 0 FSw 1.28 49 0.08 LCP
391 05-28 1 – 0 PSw 1.28 9 0.12 LCP
392 05-28 1 – 0* PSw 0.21 9 0.29 RCP
393 08-01 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 21 0.19 HLP
394 08-01 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 21 0.18 VLP
395 08-03 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 29 0.13 HLP
396 08-03 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 29 0.13 VLP
397 08-03 3 – 2 WSw 0.46 14 0.15 HLP
398 08-03 3 – 2 WSw 0.46 14 0.14 VLP
399 08-01 4 – 3 WSw 0.34 11 1.55 HLP
400 08-01 4 – 3 WSw 0.34 10 1.34 VLP
401 μ Cep 21:43:30.46 +58:46:48.2 24.0 05-21 1 – 0 FSw 1.28 22 0.06 LCP
402 05-28 1 – 0 PSw 1.28 7 0.15 LCP
403 05-28 1 – 0* PSw 0.21 7 0.35 RCP
404 07-21 1 – 0* PSw 0.21 19 0.22 LCP
405 08-01 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 20 0.16 HLP
406 08-01 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 20 0.15 VLP
407 08-03 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 24 0.13 HLP
408 08-03 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 24 0.12 VLP
409 08-04 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 46 0.09 HLP
410 08-04 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 46 0.09 VLP
411 08-03 3 – 2 WSw 0.46 12 0.14 HLP
412 08-03 3 – 2 WSw 0.46 12 0.13 VLP
413 08-01 4 – 3 WSw 0.34 10 1.32 HLP
414 08-01 4 – 3 WSw 0.34 10 1.11 VLP
415 08-04 4 – 3* WSw 0.35 11 0.59 HLP
416 08-04 4 – 3* WSw 0.35 11 0.53 VLP
417 08-04 5 – 4 WSw 0.27 24 0.61 HLP
418 08-04 5 – 4 WSw 0.27 24 0.60 VLP
419 AFGL 2999 22:57:40.99 +58:49:12.5 –58.0 05-21 1 – 0 FSw 1.28 19 0.06 LCP
420 08-01 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 24 0.15 HLP
421 08-01 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 24 0.20 VLP
422 08-03 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 21 0.12 HLP
423 08-03 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 21 0.12 VLP
424 08-04 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 23 0.15 HLP
425 08-04 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 23 0.14 VLP
426 08-03 3 – 2 WSw 0.46 10 0.12 HLP
427 08-03 3 – 2 WSw 0.46 10 0.12 VLP
428 08-01 4 – 3 WSw 0.34 12 1.22 HLP
429 08-01 4 – 3 WSw 0.34 12 1.44 VLP
430 08-04 4 – 3* WSw 0.35 12 0.56 HLP
431 08-04 4 – 3* WSw 0.35 12 0.51 VLP
432 R Aqr 23:43:49.46 −15:17:04.1 −28.0 07-26 1 – 0 PSw 1.28 5 0.17 LCP
433 07-26 1 – 0* PSw 0.21 5 0.40 RCP
434 08-01 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 24 0.51 HLP
435 08-01 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 24 0.19 VLP
436 08-03 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 26 0.17 HLP
437 08-03 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 26 0.16 VLP
438 08-03 3 – 2 WSw 0.46 13 0.23 HLP
439 08-03 3 – 2 WSw 0.46 13 0.21 VLP
440 08-01 4 – 3 WSw 0.34 12 2.58 HLP
441 08-01 4 – 3 WSw 0.34 12 2.30 VLP
442 R Cas 23:58:24.87 +51:23:19.7 24.0 05-21 1 – 0 PSw 1.28 16 0.10 LCP
443 05-28 1 – 0 PSw 1.28 13 0.11 LCP
444 05-28 1 – 0* PSw 0.21 13 0.26 RCP
445 08-01 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 20 0.16 HLP
446 08-01 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 20 0.14 VLP
447 08-02 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 41 0.10 HLP
448 08-02 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 41 0.10 VLP
449 08-04 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 51 0.09 HLP
450 08-04 2 – 1 WSw 0.66 51 0.09 VLP
451 08-02 3 – 2 WSw 0.46 20 0.13 HLP
452 08-02 3 – 2 WSw 0.46 21 0.11 VLP
453 08-01 4 – 3 WSw 0.34 10 1.29 HLP
454 08-01 4 – 3 WSw 0.34 10 1.21 VLP
455 08-04 4 – 3* WSw 0.35 11 0.51 HLP
456 08-04 4 – 3* WSw 0.35 11 0.46 VLP
457 08-04 5 – 4 WSw 0.27 28 0.60 HLP
458 08-04 5-4 WSw 0.27 28 0.59 VLP
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Note–Table 2 is entirely published in the electronic edition of the Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. A portion is shown here for guidance regarding its form and content.

a

All dates in year 2012.

b

PSw: position switching. FSw: frequency switching. WSw Wobbler switching.

c

1-σ rms value.

d

Polarizations: LCP = Left circular; RCP = Right circular; HLP = Horizontal linear; VLP = Vertical linear.

e

1 – 0* includes only the v = 1 and 2 lines of 28SiO, and the v = 0 line of 29SiO.

f

4 – 3* includes the v = 4 to 6 lines of 28SiO, the v = 2 to 5 lines of 29SiO, and the v = 0 to 3 lines of 30SiO.

The half-power beam width (HPBW) of both telescopes at the different frequencies are indicated in Table 3, together with sensitivities and efficiencies. The spectra have been corrected for atmospheric opacity and elevation gain (Ta* scale) during the observation, and converted to flux density (S scale) during the reduction process. The conversion from Ta* to main-beam temperature (T MB) can be done by TMB=Ta*/ηMB, being η MB the main beam efficiency, also depicted in Table 3. Unless specifically stated, we use the flux density scale (in Jy) throughout all the paper, and in the online tables.

Table 3. Efficiencies and intensity conversions.

Frequency GHz HPBW ” S/Ta* Jy/K η MB η a
43 48 6.41 0.57 0.46
86 29 5.89 0.81 0.63
129 19 6.28 0.76 0.57
172 14 6.80 0.70 0.54
216 11 7.52 0.62 0.49
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2.2. MDSCC observations

We used the NASA DSS-54 antenna of the MDSCC to observe the J = 1 → 0 lines included in the survey (Table 1). The DSS-54 is a beam-wave-guide antenna having 34 m in diameter. The new Q-band receiver was employed, which has a temperature of 35 K at 43 GHz (Rizzo & García-Miró 2013). The final system temperatures were between 90 and 130 K, in the antenna temperature scale.

The two circular polarizations from the receiver were processed by the new wideband backend (Rizzo et al. 2012). The observations were done in 14 different sessions between March 23 and July 26, 2012. At the beginning, the backend had the capacity to process a single circular polarization, with a bandwidth of 1.5 GHz, 8192 channels, and a frequency spacing of ~ 183 kHz (equivalent to 1.28 km s−1). At some point during the survey, a second FFTS board were incorporated, allowing the possibility of observing both circular polarizations simultaneously and to use a high-resolution mode, which provided 500 MHz of bandwidth, 16384 channels, and a frequency spacing of ~ 31 kHz (equivalent to 0.21 km s−1). The broad band FFTS backend was centered at 42.75 GHz, which allowed to simultaneously observe the 10 lines indicated in Table 1. The 500 MHz bandwidth FFTS was always centered at 42.97 GHz, in order to simultaneously observe the J = 1 → 0 maser lines of SiO v = 1, 2 and 29SiO v = 0. This setup is indicated as 1 – 0* in Table 2.

A total of 56 stars have been observed using this telescope with the largest bandwidth (1.5 GHz), 11 of those during two or more days for cross-checking and to study possible variability. A number of 28 out of those 56 target stars have also been observed with the high-resolution mode (i.e., 500 MHz bandwidth) to increase details about the line profiles.

We corrected the observed positions by assuming the standard pointing model for this antenna in Q-band, which is accurate to within 8”. This model was also regularly checked and improved at specific sessions in the epoch of observations, and we estimate that pointing errors can account intensity uncertainties always below 10%. At the beginning of each observing session, we also cross-checked the pointing by means of the observation of sources included in the paper of Rizzo et al. (2012). Focus was optimized for Q-band using specific calibration sessions, and automatically corrected during observations as part of the standard operational mode of the antenna.

Most of the observations were done in position-switching mode, with a reference located at 6′ in azimuth. In 38 cases, we observed in frequency-switching mode, with a frequency throw of 13.2 MHz to avoid ripples. The atmospheric opacity was always between 0.07 and 0.1.

2.3. IRAM observations

We used the IRAM 30 m radio telescope in Pico Veleta, Spain, to observe the J = 2 → 1 to 5 → 4 lines (Table 1). The observations were done between 2012 August 1 and 4. Precipitable water vapor varied between 4 and 12 mm, which resulted in opacities at 225 GHz between 0.1 and 0.7. Most of the observations were done during night time.

The EMIR (Eight MIxer Receiver; Carter et al. 2012) was used for all the observations. The focal plane geometry of this receiver allows us to gather 2 bands simultaneously, in two linear polarizations. We used the new FTS backend (Klein et al. 2009) which provided a total of eight units having 4 GHz of bandwidth each and a frequency spacing of ~ 195 kHz. Four of these units were always used at the 3 mm band, tuned at 85.045 GHz (the central frequency of the J = 2 → 1 lines) and 88.775 GHz, in both polarizations. The other band (2 or 1 mm bands) was chosen according to weather conditions to ensure the best use of the observing time. Central frequencies were 128.675, 172.025, and 215.575 GHz for the J = 3 → 2 to 5 → 4 bands. A complementary tuning at 168.290 GHz was necessary to include the J = 4 → 3 lines of SiO at v = 4 to 6, 29SiO at v = 2 to 5, and 30SiO at v = 0 to 3; this additional mode is indicated as “4 — 3*” in Table 2. The 3 mm unit centered at 88.775 GHz was used to search of other molecules.

The observations were done in wobbler switching mode (which provides very flat baselines), with a throw at 90″ at a rate of 2 Hz. System temperatures varied in the ranges 110–220 K, 134–360 K, 770–3080 K, and 390–1300 K for the J = 2 → 1 to 5 → 4 bands. The spectra have been automatically corrected by atmospheric opacity during the observations using the ATM package (Cernicharo 1985; Pardo et al. 2001). The antenna gain elevation curve, sensitivity and efficiencies provided in Table 3 were computed based on the observatory web pages.

Pointing was checked by 1 – 1.5 hr, and is accurate to within 3″. Every day, we also observed W3(OH) as a line calibrator (Mauersberger et al. 1989). Focus was checked and corrected at the beginning of each session and after sunset.

A total of 38 sources have been observed, 11 of them not included in the MDSCC sample.

3. Results

3.1. Overview

All detections are presented in Table 4. In each row, the table depicts the observation ID, the source name, the transition detected, the parameters of the lines, and individual comments (if any). The transitions in each entry contains the isotopologue, the rotational quantum numbers J → J – 1, and the vibrational state. The parameters include the line flux (F), the flux-weighted velocity (V LSR), and the velocity range of emission above 3-sigma (V min and V max)5. F and V LSR were computed in the velocity range (V min, V max). Some relevant information are also added in several entries to Table 4 as individual comments. These remarks are mostly referred to the cases when data smoothing has been applied to improve the signal-to-noise ratio. In other cases information about polarization and line blending is included. The only instrumental feature that we noted lies ~ 20 MHz apart from the J = 5 → 4, v = 3 line of 28SiO; although the detection and parameters are fairly well determined, the cases in which the spurious feature is observed are commented in the table.

Table 4. Detections.

ID Source Transition a Flux Error V LSR Error V min V max Individual comments
Jy km s−1 km s−1 km s−1
1 Y Cas 28SiO(1 – 0)v1 47.22 0.06 -18.65 0.37 -24.6 -9.3
28SiO(1 – 0)v2 50.85 0.07 -19.56 0.45 -25.3 -15.1
28SiO(1 – 0)v3 24.13 0.07 -14.37 0.46 -18.9 -8.6
3 T Cas 28SiO(1 – 0)v1 67.42 0.08 -10.14 0.42 -15.5 -4.1
28SiO(1 – 0)v2 239.76 0.08 -10.31 0.43 -15.0 -3.5
29SiO(1 – 0)v0 0.65 0.23 -5.20 1.28 -5.8 -4.5
4 T Cas 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 2.32 0.14 -5.08 0.34 -6.4 -3.7
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 253.77 0.06 -7.67 0.16 -12.8 -0.6
28SiO(2 – 1)v2 59.17 0.08 -7.70 0.21 -12.2 -4.6
5 T Cas 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 1.31 0.16 -6.05 0.39 -7.1 -5.0
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 271.21 0.06 -7.75 0.15 -14.2 -0.6
28SiO(2 – 1)v2 69.60 0.07 -7.65 0.16 -12.8 -0.5
6 T Cas 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 2.98 0.10 -5.79 0.28 -7.7 -3.7
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 257.04 0.06 -7.67 0.15 -14.2 0.1
28SiO(2 – 1)v2 67.70 0.06 -7.56 0.17 -12.8 -1.2
7 T Cas 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 1.77 0.12 -5.84 0.34 -7.1 -4.4
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 304.72 0.06 -7.88 0.16 -13.5 -0.6
28SiO(2 – 1)v2 79.94 0.06 -7.64 0.16 -12.8 0.1
8 T Cas 28SiO(3 – 2)v0 1.65 0.09 -6.03 0.22 -7.0 -5.2
28SiO(3 – 2)v1 4.95 0.06 -8.65 0.15 -10.4 -6.3
28SiO(3 – 2)v3 15.24 0.08 -8.42 0.19 -10.0 -7.3
9 T Cas 28SiO(3 – 2)v0 1.69 0.06 -5.45 0.15 -7.4 -3.4
28SiO(3 – 2)v1 3.79 0.06 -9.24 0.15 -11.3 -7.2
28SiO(3 – 2)v3 16.08 0.07 -8.41 0.19 -10.0 -7.3
10 T Cas 28SiO(4 – 3)v3 10.74 0.55 -7.72 0.15 -8.6 -6.9
11 T Cas 28SiO(4 – 3)v2 3.59 0.63 -9.85 0.48 -10.5 -9.1 Smoothed to 0.7 km s−1. Polarized.
28SiO(4 – 3)v3 7.91 0.61 -8.05 0.20 -8.6 -7.5
14 IRC+10011 28SiO(1 – 0)v0 16.31 0.05 7.72 0.24 -9.8 24.3
28SiO(1 – 0)v1 576.53 0.09 7.23 0.45 2.7 12.8
28SiO(1 – 0)v2 604.74 0.09 7.34 0.43 1.9 13.5
28SiO(1 – 0)v3 54.96 0.15 7.75 0.75 5.8 9.7
29SiO(1 – 0)v0 4.88 0.15 8.95 0.74 7.3 11.2
30SiO(1 – 0)v0 1.52 0.18 8.01 0.92 6.9 9.5
15 IRC+10011 28SiO(1 – 0)v1 463.57 0.03 8.40 0.03 3.1 13.9
28SiO(1 – 0)v2 479.93 0.03 8.50 0.03 2.8 14.6
29SiO(1 – 0)v0 2.91 0.06 10.17 0.07 9.0 11.2
16 IRC+10011 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 123.63 0.04 9.68 0.09 -8.5 27.9
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 167.42 0.06 8.94 0.14 3.3 18.3
29SiO(2 – 1)v0 22.37 0.05 12.59 0.11 -0.1 25.2
29SiO(2 – 1)v1 7.97 0.18 9.52 0.40 8.6 10.7
29SiO(2 – 1)v2 104.48 0.10 8.71 0.22 4.9 11.8
30SiO(2 – 1)v0 8.03 0.07 8.10 0.15 -0.7 14.5 Narrow component polarized.
30SiO(2 – 1)v2 4.04 0.18 9.09 0.40 8.0 10.1
17 IRC+10011 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 126.06 0.04 9.73 0.09 -7.8 27.9
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 192.36 0.06 8.72 0.14 4.0 19.0
29SiO(2 – 1)v0 26.34 0.04 10.63 0.10 -6.2 25.9
29SiO(2 – 1)v1 7.91 0.12 9.22 0.28 6.6 10.7
29SiO(2 – 1)v2 99.10 0.09 8.71 0.22 4.9 11.8
30SiO(2 – 1)v0 7.63 0.05 5.91 0.13 -4.8 15.2
30SiO(2 – 1)v2 5.14 0.13 8.73 0.31 6.6 10.1
18 IRC+10011 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 117.95 0.04 9.72 0.09 -8.5 27.9
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 174.92 0.06 8.78 0.14 3.3 19.0
29SiO(2 – 1)v0 25.46 0.04 10.47 0.10 -6.9 25.2
29SiO(2 – 1)v1 8.29 0.12 9.33 0.31 7.2 10.7
29SiO(2 – 1)v2 99.78 0.09 8.68 0.22 4.9 11.8
30SiO(2 – 1)v0 8.07 0.06 14.33 0.15 7.6 22.8
30SiO(2 – 1)v2 4.08 0.16 8.71 0.40 7.3 9.4
19 IRC+10011 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 120.77 0.03 9.63 0.09 -8.5 27.9
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 175.42 0.05 8.87 0.14 4.0 19.0
29SiO(2 – 1)v0 22.62 0.04 10.44 0.11 -4.9 23.8
29SiO(2 – 1)v1 7.04 0.15 9.48 0.40 8.6 10.7
29SiO(2 – 1)v2 95.34 0.08 8.69 0.22 4.9 11.8
30SiO(2 – 1)v0 7.58 0.05 15.79 0.14 8.3 24.2
30SiO(2 – 1)v2 4.62 0.11 8.52 0.29 5.9 10.1
20 IRC+10011 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 113.07 0.03 9.65 0.09 -9.2 27.9
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 170.82 0.05 8.79 0.14 3.3 19.0
29SiO(2 – 1)v0 23.46 0.03 10.91 0.10 -4.9 25.2
29SiO(2 – 1)v1 8.69 0.07 9.77 0.22 7.2 14.1
29SiO(2 – 1)v2 92.04 0.07 8.67 0.22 4.9 11.8
30SiO(2 – 1)v0 10.82 0.04 11.21 0.11 -2.8 24.2
30SiO(2 – 1)v2 4.63 0.09 8.89 0.29 6.6 10.8
21 IRC+10011 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 117.77 0.03 9.70 0.09 -8.5 28.6
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 165.16 0.04 8.81 0.14 3.3 19.6
29SiO(2 – 1)v0 24.40 0.03 10.43 0.10 -6.9 26.5
29SiO(2 – 1)v1 6.96 0.11 9.57 0.34 8.6 11.4
29SiO(2 – 1)v2 94.35 0.07 8.68 0.21 4.9 12.5
30SiO(2 – 1)v0 10.78 0.04 10.69 0.11 -2.1 23.5
30SiO(2 – 1)v2 3.90 0.11 8.93 0.35 7.3 10.1
22 IRC+10011 28SiO(3 – 2)v0 160.39 0.02 9.12 0.05 -8.9 27.6
28SiO(3 – 2)v1 172.85 0.04 7.91 0.08 3.9 18.0
28SiO(3 – 2)v2 28.16 0.04 10.73 0.09 4.2 15.2
28SiO(3 – 2)v3 33.91 0.08 8.60 0.17 7.6 10.8
29SiO(3 – 2)v0 33.77 0.02 9.85 0.05 -7.1 26.6
29SiO(3 – 2)v1 2.10 0.12 10.29 0.26 9.6 11.0
30SiO(3 – 2)v0 19.73 0.02 9.38 0.06 -7.2 24.6
23 IRC+10011 28SiO(3 – 2)v0 155.49 0.02 9.08 0.05 -9.3 27.6
28SiO(3 – 2)v1 139.54 0.03 8.07 0.08 4.4 18.0
28SiO(3 – 2)v2 19.82 0.04 11.53 0.09 4.2 15.2
28SiO(3 – 2)v3 16.41 0.08 8.56 0.21 7.6 9.9
28SiO(3 – 2)v4 0.50 0.19 11.47 0.46 11.2 11.7 Narrow line. Highly polarized.
29SiO(3 – 2)v0 33.13 0.02 9.25 0.05 -8.0 27.1
29SiO(3 – 2)v1 6.77 0.08 10.22 0.19 8.7 11.4
30SiO(3 – 2)v0 20.57 0.02 9.64 0.05 -7.7 26.0
24 IRC+10011 28SiO(4 – 3)v0 147.42 0.10 8.83 0.03 -21.0 22.2
28SiO(4 – 3)v1 10.98 0.53 7.61 0.15 6.8 8.5
28SiO(4 – 3)v2 6.36 0.85 13.58 0.24 13.3 13.9
28SiO(4 – 3)v3 37.44 0.38 9.57 0.11 8.0 11.5
29SiO(4 – 3)v1 2.80 1.20 8.81 0.34 8.7 9.0
25 IRC+10011 28SiO(4 – 3)v0 141.28 0.11 9.21 0.04 -4.8 23.5
28SiO(4 – 3)v1 10.66 0.47 7.52 0.15 6.8 8.5
28SiO(4 – 3)v2 4.40 0.74 13.58 0.24 13.3 13.9
28SiO(4 – 3)v3 31.05 0.37 9.35 0.12 8.0 10.8
29SiO(4 – 3)v1 3.86 0.75 8.99 0.24 8.7 9.3
26 IRC+10011 29SiO(4 – 3)v2 13.02 0.18 8.53 0.10 6.3 10.1
30SiO(4 – 3)v0 10.02 0.34 9.50 0.13 8.2 10.7
30SiO(4 – 3)v1 36.79 0.18 8.95 0.10 7.5 11.3
30SiO(4 – 3)v2 33.29 0.18 8.50 0.11 6.6 10.4
27 IRC+10011 30SiO(4 – 3)v0 9.11 0.29 9.24 0.13 7.9 10.3
30SiO(4 – 3)v1 41.51 0.13 9.26 0.08 7.5 13.4
30SiO(4 – 3)v2 35.17 0.15 8.45 0.10 5.9 10.4
28 IRC+10011 28SiO(5 – 4)v0 258.60 0.05 9.62 0.02 -6.9 25.7
28SiO(5 – 4)v1 8.00 0.29 9.72 0.14 9.2 10.3
28SiO(5 – 4)v2 37.57 0.14 10.34 0.06 7.6 12.8
29SiO(5 – 4)v0 49.98 0.07 8.92 0.03 -3.1 19.3
29SiO(5 – 4)v2 10.12 0.30 8.91 0.14 8.3 9.4
30SiO(5 – 4)v0 41.33 0.44 4.68 0.43 -1.4 23.5 Smoothed to 1.7 km s−1.
29 IRC+10011 28SiO(5 – 4)v0 276.61 0.05 9.66 0.02 -6.3 26.3
28SiO(5 – 4)v1 5.03 0.33 9.69 0.16 9.2 10.0
28SiO(5 – 4)v2 37.78 0.12 10.57 0.06 7.3 13.9
29SiO(5 – 4)v0 45.22 0.07 11.82 0.03 4.3 22.3 Some emission also at higher velocity.
29SiO(5 – 4)v2 11.81 0.29 8.86 0.14 8.3 9.4
30SiO(5 – 4)v0 51.29 0.40 9.31 0.38 -6.4 25.1 Smoothed to 1.7 km s−1.
30 IRC+30021 28SiO(1 – 0)v1 14.63 0.13 -27.81 0.45 -32.9 -22.7
28SiO(1 – 0)v2 14.43 0.17 -28.01 0.57 -31.0 -24.6
31 IRC+30021 28SiO(1 – 0)v1 2.04 0.02 -26.63 0.04 -28.9 -24.0
28SiO(1 – 0)v2 2.74 0.01 -27.28 0.04 -30.1 -24.6
34 S Cas 28SiO(1 – 0)v1 4.15 0.60 -32.34 1.27 -32.5 -31.3
28SiO(1 – 0)v2 6.29 0.61 -32.92 1.28 -33.2 -31.9
29SiO(1 – 0)v0 6.65 0.61 -32.74 1.28 -33.0 -31.7
29SiO(1 – 0)v1 5.76 0.61 -32.64 1.29 -33.2 -32.0
35 S Cas 28SiO(1 – 0)v1 3.86 0.20 -31.39 0.09 -31.9 -30.8
28SiO(1 – 0)v2 7.42 0.20 -31.95 0.11 -32.3 -31.5
29SiO(1 – 0)v0 7.79 0.19 -32.04 0.10 -32.5 -31.5
36 S Cas 28SiO(1 – 0)v1 2.84 0.19 -32.59 0.90 -33.8 -31.3
28SiO(1 – 0)v2 3.44 0.26 -32.83 1.28 -33.2 -31.9
29SiO(l – 0)v0 4.68 0.19 -32.81 0.91 -34.2 -31.7
29SiO(1 – 0)v1 3.08 0.27 -32.66 1.29 -33.2 -32.0
37 S Cas 28SiO(1 – 0)v1 2.01 0.10 -31.77 0.09 -32.3 -31.2
28SiO(1 – 0)v2 4.23 0.08 -32.02 0.10 -32.6 -31.5
29SiO(1 – 0)v0 4.22 0.08 -31.99 0.09 -32.5 -31.3
38 S Cas 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 20.93 0.05 -28.07 0.11 -42.1 -15.1
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 71.00 0.06 -30.39 0.12 -43.8 -23.4
28SiO(2 – 1)v2 19.14 0.06 -36.34 0.12 -43.2 -22.0
39 S Cas 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 22.17 0.05 -30.06 0.10 -44.1 -15.8
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 87.50 0.07 -30.06 0.15 -37.7 -23.4
28SiO(2 – 1)v2 22.06 0.06 -35.85 0.12 -43.2 -21.3
40 S Cas 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 21.98 0.04 -28.66 0.10 -44.1 -13.8
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 64.55 0.06 -30.12 0.14 -38.4 -23.4
28SiO(2 – 1)v2 20.03 0.05 -35.70 0.12 -42.5 -21.3
41 S Cas 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 23.95 0.04 -29.04 0.10 -45.5 -12.4
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 89.77 0.06 -30.09 0.14 -38.4 -23.4
28SiO(2 – 1)v2 23.42 0.05 -35.45 0.12 -43.2 -21.3
42 S Cas 28SiO(3 – 2)v0 50.44 0.02 -30.23 0.05 -48.8 -11.0
28SiO(3 – 2)v1 71.14 0.04 -32.04 0.09 -38.7 -26.9 One velocity component highly polarized.
28SiO(3 – 2)v2 4.25 0.07 -30.53 0.15 -32.0 -27.9 One velocity component highly polarized.
28SiO(3 – 2)v3 37.63 0.04 -31.99 0.10 -39.6 -30.5 One velocity component highly polarized.
29SiO(3 – 2)v0 6.27 0.03 -26.89 0.07 -36.1 -17.4
30SiO(3 – 2)v0 0.76 0.14 -21.37 0.33 -21.8 -20.9
43 S Cas 28SiO(3 – 2)v0 47.29 0.02 -30.23 0.05 -47.4 -11.0
28SiO(3 – 2)v1 91.04 0.04 -31.89 0.09 -38.7 -26.9
28SiO(3 – 2)v2 2.45 0.10 -31.50 0.26 -32.0 -30.7
28SiO(3 – 2)v3 25.28 0.03 -32.39 0.08 -46.5 -30.5
29SiO(3 – 2)v0 5.31 0.03 -28.89 0.07 -38.3 -18.8
30SiO(3 – 2)v0 3.36 0.30 -26.61 1.38 -32.4 -21.3 Smoothed to 2.8 km s−1.
44 S Cas 28SiO(4 – 3)v1 39.25 0.42 -30.88 0.11 -32.6 -29.2 Highly polarized.
29SiO(4 – 3)v1 8.41 0.77 -31.17 0.20 -31.7 -30.7 Highly polarized.
45 S Cas 28SiO(4 – 3)v1 53.17 0.33 -30.97 0.10 -32.9 -28.8
29SiO(4 – 3)v1 17.63 0.47 -30.84 0.14 -31.7 -29.7
46 IRC+50049 28SiO(1 – 0)v0 1.53 0.47 -4.06 2.53 -5.6 -3.0 Smoothed to 2.5 km s−1.
48 W And 28SiO(1 – 0)v1 14.47 0.13 -31.02 0.38 -41.6 -27.6
28SiO(1 – 0)v2 27.38 0.18 -31.13 0.52 -35.9 -28.2
49 W And 28SiO(1 – 0)v1 15.11 0.09 -29.45 0.05 -31.0 -27.4
28SiO(1 – 0)v2 31.14 0.06 -30.11 0.04 -35.1 -27.6
50 O Cet 28SiO(1 – 0)v0 1.78 0.28 45.14 0.89 43.9 46.4
28SiO(1 – 0)v1 228.87 0.12 47.31 0.38 41.2 55.2
28SiO(1 – 0)v2 47.80 0.18 45.54 0.57 41.8 48.2
51 O Cet 28SiO(1 – 0)v1 373.68 0.03 48.95 0.03 41.8 56.7
28SiO(1 – 0)v2 69.93 0.04 46.95 0.04 42.9 49.3
52 O Cet 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 12.96 0.12 47.04 0.25 44.4 49.1
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 2692.35 0.07 46.96 0.14 41.4 56.3
53 O Cet 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 19.63 0.10 47.21 0.22 43.7 49.7
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 2203.10 0.06 47.01 0.14 40.7 56.3
54 O Cet 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 13.88 0.11 47.23 0.25 44.4 49.1
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 2660.73 0.06 47.00 0.14 40.7 56.3
55 O Cet 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 15.79 0.09 47.19 0.24 44.4 49.7
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 1816.10 0.06 46.96 0.14 41.4 56.3
56 O Cet 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 15.12 0.07 47.24 0.21 43.7 50.4
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 2548.57 0.05 46.97 0.14 40.7 56.3
57 O Cet 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 18.02 0.07 47.38 0.21 44.4 51.1
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 2260.81 0.05 46.98 0.14 40.0 56.3
58 O Cet 28SiO(3 – 2)v0 10.68 0.07 46.89 0.12 44.2 50.1
28SiO(3 – 2)v1 962.85 0.05 48.29 0.09 43.1 54.9
29SiO(3 – 2)v0 2.48 0.09 46.97 0.17 45.3 48.5
30SiO(3 – 2)v0 2.97 0.17 46.78 0.23 45.9 47.7
59 O Cet 28SiO(3 – 2)v0 10.08 0.06 47.03 0.12 43.8 50.5
28SiO(3 – 2)v1 508.04 0.04 48.31 0.09 43.1 55.3
29SiO(3 – 2)v0 2.03 0.09 46.63 0.19 45.3 48.0
30SiO(3 – 2)v0 3.69 0.08 47.01 0.16 45.4 49.1
60 O Cet 28SiO(4 – 3)v0 3.83 1.42 47.62 0.34 47.4 47.7
28SiO(4 – 3)v1 134.97 0.51 48.30 0.12 47.2 49.9
28SiO(4 – 3)v2 21.54 0.27 51.38 0.06 47.2 57.1 Isolated component at 57 km s−1
29SiO(4 – 3)v0 2.62 1.18 46.21 0.68 45.9 46.6 Smoothed to 0.7 km s−1.
61 O Cet 28SiO(4 – 3)v0 2.79 1.16 47.91 0.34 47.7 48.1
28SiO(4 – 3)v1 79.88 0.48 48.31 0.14 47.5 49.6
28SiO(4 – 3)v2 21.46 0.21 52.32 0.06 46.9 57.5
29SiO(4 – 3)v0 2.72 1.08 46.24 0.68 45.9 46.6 Smoothed to 0.7 km s−1.
64 O Cet 28SiO(5 – 4)v0 21.70 0.13 47.24 0.06 44.8 49.9
28SiO(5 – 4)v1 46.77 0.09 49.41 0.04 42.2 54.5
29SiO(5 – 4)v0 5.83 0.32 46.32 0.24 44.9 47.6 Smoothed to 0.6 km s−1
30SiO(5 – 4)v0 2.13 0.86 45.97 0.55 45.7 46.2 Smoothed to 0.6 km s−1
65 O Cet 28SiO(5 – 4)v0 22.08 0.14 46.91 0.07 44.8 49.1
28SiO(5 – 4)v1 81.34 0.08 49.45 0.04 42.2 55.0
29SiO(5 – 4)v0 6.64 0.26 47.05 0.22 45.5 48.7 Smoothed to 0.6 km s−1
30SiO(5 – 4)v0 3.94 0.53 46.49 0.32 45.7 47.3 Smoothed to 0.6 km s−1
66 S Per 28SiO(1 – 0)v1 80.70 0.09 -42.32 0.30 -52.0 -29.1
28SiO(1 – 0)v2 39.89 0.12 -41.96 0.41 -47.6 -34.8
29SiO(1 – 0)v0 0.85 0.39 -41.60 1.28 -42.2 -41.0
67 S Per 28SiO(1 – 0)v1 89.27 0.05 -41.98 0.02 -51.3 -35.0
28SiO(1 – 0)v2 44.28 0.04 -40.75 0.03 -46.1 -33.3
68 S Per 28SiO(1 – 0)v1 90.94 0.09 -42.52 0.30 -52.0 -29.1
28SiO(1 – 0)v2 43.52 0.12 -42.04 0.41 -47.6 -34.8
29SiO(1 – 0)v0 1.34 0.38 -41.64 1.28 -42.2 -41.0
69 S Per 28SiO(1 – 0)v1 95.88 0.03 -41.55 0.02 -49.0 -33.3
28SiO(1 – 0)v2 46.23 0.03 -41.22 0.03 -46.1 -34.2
29SiO(1 – 0)v0 1.65 0.46 -40.77 0.85 -41.2 -40.3 Smoothed to 0.9 km s−1
70 S Per 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 20.45 0.05 -37.03 0.11 -50.1 -23.1
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 297.68 0.04 -38.75 0.10 -51.8 -22.6
29SiO(2 – 1)v0 10.37 0.08 -38.54 0.18 -43.0 -33.4 Wings revealed in average 70 – 75
71 S Per 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 21.23 0.05 -36.62 0.11 -49.4 -23.1
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 297.99 0.04 -38.54 0.09 -51.1 -14.5
29SiO(2 – 1)v0 10.36 0.08 -40.16 0.18 -46.4 -36.2
72 S Per 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 18.62 0.04 -36.02 0.11 -48.1 -23.1
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 306.80 0.03 -38.57 0.09 -51.8 -14.5
29SiO(2 – 1)v0 12.11 0.06 -39.12 0.16 -45.0 -32.7
73 S Per 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 21.02 0.04 -36.98 0.11 -50.8 -23.1
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 291.35 0.04 -38.71 0.10 -53.2 -21.3
29SiO(2 – 1)v0 9.97 0.07 -39.23 0.19 -43.7 -34.8
74 S Per 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 19.79 0.03 -36.72 0.10 -50.1 -21.8
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 297.90 0.03 -38.70 0.10 -51.8 -21.3
29SiO(2 – 1)v0 12.86 0.04 -38.35 0.14 -45.7 -30.0
75 S Per 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 20.52 0.03 -36.99 0.10 -50.8 -22.5
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 286.76 0.03 -38.72 0.10 -53.8 -20.6
29SiO(2 – 1)v0 11.66 0.04 -39.14 0.15 -46.4 -32.7
76 S Per 28SiO(3 – 2)v0 28.51 0.03 -38.46 0.06 -50.9 -24.4
28SiO(3 – 2)v1 94.38 0.03 -38.84 0.07 -46.7 -26.8
28SiO(3 – 2)v3 0.53 0.20 -44.18 0.46 -44.4 -44.0
29SiO(3 – 2)v0 2.70 0.17 -38.64 0.74 -44.1 -33.1 Smoothed to 1.8 km s−1.
30SiO(3 – 2)v0 3.32 0.31 -37.13 1.06 -40.4 -34.8 Smoothed to 1.8 km s−1.
77 S Per 28SiO(3 – 2)v0 27.37 0.02 -38.77 0.06 -52.7 -24.8
28SiO(3 – 2)v1 94.03 0.03 -38.98 0.07 -46.7 -26.3
28SiO(3 – 2)v2 0.51 0.18 -0.21 0.46 -0.4 0.1
28SiO(3 – 2)v3 0.92 0.43 -40.76 1.84 -41.7 -39.8 Smoothed to 1.8 km s−1.
29SiO(3 – 2)v0 4.73 0.06 -33.88 0.20 -43.1 -24.0 Smoothed to 0.9 km s−1.
30SiO(3 – 2)v0 3.30 0.11 -32.56 0.70 -38.5 -25.6 Smoothed to 1.8 km s−1.
78 S Per 28SiO(4 – 3)v0 41.16 1.10 -36.09 0.64 -46.7 -26.5 Smoothed to 2.0 km s−1.
28SiO(4 – 3)v1 29.32 0.35 -38.70 0.10 -40.6 -36.8 Hints of another wide component.
28SiO(4 – 3)v2 17.50 0.28 -37.57 0.20 -42.0 -33.7 Smoothed to 0.7 km s−1.
28SiO(4 – 3)v3 2.72 1.16 -40.86 0.34 -41.0 -40.7
79 S Per 28SiO(4 – 3)v1 25.49 0.45 -38.57 0.11 -40.2 -36.8
28SiO(4 – 3)v2 9.67 0.32 -36.13 0.22 -39.9 -33.1 Smoothed to 0.7 km s−1.
28SiO(4 – 3)v3 4.48 0.43 -41.22 0.40 -42.4 -40.3
80 S Per 30SiO(4 – 3)v0 4.65 0.21 -43.73 0.12 -45.0 -42.2
30SiO(4 – 3)v1 4.19 0.27 -41.11 0.16 -42.0 -40.2
81 S Per 30SiO(4 – 3)v0 4.85 0.28 -44.26 0.28 -46.4 -42.2 Smoothed to 0.7 km s−1.
30SiO(4 – 3)v1 4.25 0.34 -42.64 0.35 -44.1 -41.3 Smoothed to 0.7 km s−1.
82 S Per 28SiO(5 – 4)v0 37.16 0.06 -38.33 0.03 -48.0 -28.3
28SiO(5 – 4)v1 19.15 0.08 -34.64 0.04 -41.8 -28.5
28SiO(5 – 4)v3 2.03 0.96 -42.28 0.55 -42.5 -42.0 Smoothed to 0.6 km s−1.
29SiO(5 – 4)v0 8.59 0.32 -37.35 0.41 -40.8 -33.2 Smoothed to 1.1 km s−1.
30SiO(5 – 4)v0 6.24 0.09 -42.99 0.05 -48.4 -38.4
83 S Per 28SiO(5 – 4)v0 28.12 0.07 -40.35 0.04 -48.0 -33.9
28SiO(5 – 4)v1 26.00 0.10 -32.55 0.09 -42.9 -23.9 Smoothed to 0.5 km s−1.
29SiO(5 – 4)v0 12.05 0.41 -35.41 0.62 -40.5 -29.1 Smoothed to 1.6 km s−1.
30SiO(5 – 4)v0 1.29 0.53 -39.13 0.28 -39.3 -39.0
84 IRC+60092 28SiO(1 – 0)v1 0.70 0.27 9.64 1.27 9.1 10.4
28SiO(1 – 0)v2 1.41 0.17 13.15 1.48 9.6 17.3 Smoothed to 2.6 km s−1.
90 RU Ari 28SiO(1 – 0)v1 4.13 0.37 18.03 1.27 17.5 18.7
28SiO(1 – 0)v2 2.85 0.37 17.75 1.28 16.8 18.1
91 RU Ari 28SiO(1 – 0)v1 6.73 0.09 19.34 0.07 18.5 20.5
28SiO(1 – 0)v2 3.08 0.11 19.14 0.11 18.7 19.6
92 T Ari 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 0.99 0.19 0.44 0.48 -0.3 1.1 Wider velocity range in average 92 – 95.
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 11.38 0.10 -1.08 0.20 -5.2 2.2 Wider velocity range in average 92 – 95.
93 T Ari 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 0.83 0.16 -1.63 0.48 -2.3 -0.9
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 12.27 0.10 -1.48 0.20 -5.9 1.6
94 T Ari 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 0.95 0.17 -0.93 0.48 -1.6 -0.3
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 15.18 0.06 -1.78 0.18 -7.9 2.2
95 T Ari 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 1.88 0.10 -0.62 0.30 -2.3 1.1
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 13.45 0.06 -1.72 0.18 -7.9 2.2
96 T Ari 28SiO(3 – 2)v0 3.33 0.06 -1.41 0.15 -3.5 0.5
97 T Ari 28SiO(3 – 2)v0 3.10 0.06 -1.87 0.15 -4.0 0.1
98 T Ari 28SiO(4 – 3)v2 9.84 0.96 0.39 0.20 -0.1 1.0
99 T Ari 28SiO(4 – 3)v2 8.83 0.66 0.27 0.17 -0.4 1.0
100 02547+1106 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 0.49 0.21 18.31 0.67 17.9 18.6
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 14.94 0.11 15.68 0.21 13.1 19.9
101 02547+1106 28SiO(2-1)v0 1.20 0.57 15.88 2.70 14.6 17.3 Smoothed to 2.7 km s−1.
28SiO(2-1)v1 14.16 0.11 16.14 0.23 12.4 18.5
105 IRC+20052 28SiO(1 – 0)v2 0.85 0.27 -35.98 0.85 -36.5 -35.6 Smoothed to 0.9 km s−1.
108 NML Tau 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 211.25 0.05 33.66 0.09 14.8 51.9
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 1457.09 0.08 32.88 0.15 26.0 40.2
29SiO(2 – 1)v0 46.55 0.05 34.79 0.10 19.1 49.2
29SiO(2 – 1)v2 3.34 0.20 31.39 0.40 30.3 32.4
30SiO(2 – 1)v0 23.10 0.06 34.56 0.11 21.2 47.5 Wider velocity range in average 108 – 113.
109 NML Tau 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 226.59 0.05 33.53 0.09 14.1 51.9
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 1288.80 0.08 33.26 0.15 25.3 39.6
29SiO(2 – 1)v0 47.68 0.06 33.74 0.11 18.5 46.5
29SiO(2 – 1)v2 3.05 0.22 31.32 0.40 30.3 32.4
30SiO(2 – 1)v0 29.07 0.06 33.53 0.11 19.9 47.5
110 NML Tau 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 217.42 0.03 33.56 0.09 13.5 52.6
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 1479.21 0.05 32.98 0.14 23.9 40.2
29SiO(2 – 1)v0 50.93 0.04 34.31 0.10 16.4 49.2
29SiO(2 – 1)v2 4.55 0.13 31.40 0.35 30.3 33.1
30SiO(2 – 1)v0 26.88 0.04 33.84 0.11 19.2 48.9
111 NML Tau 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 226.01 0.03 33.59 0.09 13.5 52.6
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 1329.56 0.05 33.18 0.14 25.3 40.2
29SiO(2 – 1)v0 49.02 0.03 34.41 0.10 17.1 51.2
29SiO(2 – 1)v2 5.20 0.06 32.73 0.17 29.6 40.7
30SiO(2 – 1)v0 29.16 0.04 32.71 0.10 15.7 47.5
112 NML Tau 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 201.18 0.03 33.62 0.09 14.8 52.6
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 1425.30 0.04 32.92 0.14 25.3 40.2
29SiO(2 – 1)v0 45.42 0.03 35.05 0.10 17.8 50.5
29SiO(2 – 1)v2 3.95 0.12 31.32 0.40 30.3 32.4
30SiO(2 – 1)v0 25.35 0.03 33.78 0.10 17.1 49.6
113 NML Tau 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 215.86 0.03 33.55 0.09 14.1 52.6
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 1260.07 0.04 33.29 0.14 25.3 40.2
29SiO(2 – 1)v0 47.65 0.03 34.26 0.10 15.7 49.9
29SiO(2 – 1)v2 5.05 0.05 33.12 0.17 30.3 41.4
30SiO(2 – 1)v0 28.25 0.03 33.52 0.10 16.4 48.9
114 NML Tau 28SiO(3 – 2)v0 322.86 0.02 34.35 0.05 13.4 53.8
28SiO(3 – 2)v1 331.78 0.04 34.06 0.09 27.9 39.2
28SiO(3 – 2)v2 43.86 0.04 34.28 0.09 25.5 38.2
28SiO(3 – 2)v3 2.43 0.11 31.54 0.27 30.7 32.1
29SiO(3 – 2)v0 71.42 0.02 34.72 0.05 17.4 51.1
29SiO(3 – 2)v1 10.08 0.07 33.98 0.17 32.7 35.9
30SiO(3 – 2)v0 53.64 0.02 34.46 0.05 18.2 50.9
115 NML Tau 28SiO(3 – 2)v0 314.76 0.02 34.32 0.05 13.4 54.3
28SiO(3 – 2)v1 290.25 0.03 34.09 0.09 27.5 39.2
28SiO(3 – 2)v2 42.08 0.03 34.75 0.08 25.5 38.7
28SiO(3 – 2)v3 2.39 0.10 31.70 0.27 31.2 32.5
29SiO(3 – 2)v0 69.69 0.02 34.51 0.05 16.9 51.5
29SiO(3 – 2)v1 3.79 0.07 34.35 0.19 33.1 35.9
30SiO(3 – 2)v0 51.43 0.02 34.06 0.05 16.3 50.9
116 NML Tau 28SiO(4 – 3)v0 299.10 0.15 34.84 0.04 20.9 50.2
28SiO(4 – 3)v1 98.82 0.35 34.62 0.08 31.5 36.9
28SiO(4 – 3)v2 27.55 0.39 36.84 0.09 34.5 39.0 Several components polarized.
28SiO(4 – 3)v3 11.42 0.23 35.61 0.18 30.7 41.0 Smoothed to 0.7 km s−1.
29SiO(4 – 3)v0 58.56 0.13 35.09 0.05 26.4 45.1
29SiO(4 – 3)v1 134.12 0.30 32.12 0.07 29.2 36.8
117 NML Tau 28SiO(4 – 3)v0 302.95 0.13 35.14 0.03 20.9 52.9
28SiO(4 – 3)v1 97.50 0.33 34.52 0.09 31.5 36.6
28SiO(4 – 3)v2 25.78 0.41 37.94 0.11 36.6 40.0
28SiO(4 – 3)v3 11.45 0.23 35.60 0.18 30.7 41.0 Smoothed to 0.7 km s−1.
29SiO(4 – 3)v0 81.28 0.09 34.35 0.04 21.9 46.8
29SiO(4 – 3)v1 109.07 0.27 32.43 0.07 29.2 37.1
118 NML Tau 30SiO(4 – 3)v0 49.37 0.06 33.90 0.04 21.9 46.4
30SiO(4 – 3)v1 1.37 0.55 34.78 0.35 34.6 34.9
119 NML Tau 29SiO(4 – 3)v2 2.19 0.35 39.71 0.24 39.3 40.0 Three components in average 119 – 120.
30SiO(4 – 3)v0 48.13 0.06 35.91 0.04 25.0 47.8
120 NML Tau 28SiO(5 – 4)v0 454.15 0.05 34.97 0.02 17.9 52.2
28SiO(5 – 4)v1 38.31 0.13 34.06 0.06 31.1 36.8
28SiO(5 – 4)v2 15.27 0.11 33.87 0.05 28.3 36.8
28SiO(5 – 4)v3 6.18 0.35 32.40 0.12 31.8 33.1
29SiO(5 – 4)v0 91.33 0.07 34.16 0.03 22.0 46.3
29SiO(5 – 4)v1 3.20 0.36 34.77 0.16 34.4 35.2 Polarized?
30SiO(5 – 4)v0 71.57 0.07 35.25 0.03 23.4 47.5
30SiO(5 – 4)v1 10.33 0.10 32.38 0.04 26.5 37.4
121 NML Tau 28SiO(5 – 4)v0 481.95 0.05 34.88 0.02 16.3 53.0
28SiO(5 – 4)v1 35.26 0.13 33.96 0.06 31.1 36.5
28SiO(5 – 4)v2 11.03 0.21 35.55 0.10 34.3 36.5
28SiO(5 – 4)v3 8.26 0.23 32.40 0.10 31.5 33.4
29SiO(5 – 4)v0 99.20 0.06 34.48 0.03 21.2 47.7
30SiO(5 – 4)v0 88.39 0.06 34.67 0.03 21.5 47.2
30SiO(5 – 4)v1 10.30 0.22 36.84 0.10 35.7 38.0
122 IRC+30072 28SiO(2 – 1)v1 4.57 0.11 3.80 0.26 1.3 6.1
123 IRC+30072 28SiO(2 – 1)v1 6.26 0.11 3.75 0.26 1.3 6.1
130 S Tau 28SiO(2 – 1)v1 3.31 0.09 21.69 0.19 17.4 26.3
131 S Tau 28SiO(2 – 1)v1 5.63 0.07 19.87 0.16 14.7 26.3
132 S Tau 28SiO(2 – 1)v1 4.54 0.06 20.72 0.16 14.7 26.3
133 S Tau 28SiO(2 – 1)v1 5.61 0.06 20.54 0.16 14.7 27.0
135 S Tau 28SiO(3 – 2)v1 0.46 0.18 18.94 0.45 18.7 19.2
138 IRC+10066 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 1.49 0.15 -43.64 0.39 -44.6 -42.6
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 74.10 0.10 -42.16 0.18 -45.6 -35.4
139 IRC+10066 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 1.51 0.09 -43.31 0.28 -45.3 -41.3
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 76.70 0.08 -42.22 0.18 -45.6 -35.4
140 IRC+10066 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 2.15 0.08 -42.97 0.25 -45.3 -40.6
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 76.17 0.06 -42.01 0.17 -45.6 -34.7
141 IRC+10066 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 2.55 0.06 -42.38 0.22 -45.3 -39.3
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 74.06 0.06 -42.21 0.17 -45.6 -34.7
142 IRC+10066 28SiO(3 – 2)v0 2.94 0.06 -44.06 0.14 -46.6 -41.6
28SiO(3 – 2)v1 19.55 0.04 -41.77 0.09 -47.3 -35.9
143 IRC+10066 28SiO(3 – 2)v0 2.08 0.06 -44.79 0.16 -46.6 -43.0
28SiO(3 – 2)v1 14.18 0.04 -43.27 0.09 -47.7 -36.9
144 IRC+10066 28SiO(4 – 3)v2 6.26 0.57 -42.08 0.39 -43.2 -41.1 Smoothed to 0.7 km s−1.
146 TX Cam 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 145.19 0.04 10.79 0.09 -8.5 29.9
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 491.77 0.06 10.27 0.14 3.3 18.3
28SiO(2 – 1)v2 2.11 0.29 1.70 0.68 1.3 2.0
29SiO(2 – 1)v0 23.14 0.04 11.16 0.11 -2.8 25.9
30SiO(2 – 1)v0 14.41 0.05 11.89 0.12 -1.4 23.5
147 TX Cam 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 151.76 0.04 10.92 0.09 -8.5 30.6
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 483.61 0.06 10.26 0.15 3.3 17.6
28SiO(2 – 1)v2 2.05 0.27 1.68 0.68 1.3 2.0
29SiO(2 – 1)v0 21.64 0.04 10.83 0.11 -0.8 25.2
30SiO(2 – 1)v0 15.84 0.04 11.20 0.11 -3.4 24.9
30SiO(2 – 1)v2 1.05 0.20 10.83 0.50 10.1 11.5
148 TX Cam 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 155.58 0.04 10.76 0.09 -8.5 29.3
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 569.87 0.06 10.25 0.14 3.3 18.3
28SiO(2 – 1)v2 2.84 0.28 1.76 0.68 1.3 2.0
29SiO(2 – 1)v0 24.07 0.04 10.42 0.11 -3.5 25.2
30SiO(2 – 1)v0 17.29 0.05 11.92 0.11 -1.4 25.6
149 TX Cam 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 163.63 0.04 10.86 0.09 -8.5 29.9
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 503.56 0.06 10.31 0.14 3.3 19.0
28SiO(2 – 1)v2 2.54 0.27 1.70 0.68 1.3 2.0
29SiO(2 – 1)v0 25.92 0.04 11.00 0.10 -3.5 28.6
30SiO(2 – 1)v0 17.90 0.04 10.36 0.11 -4.8 24.2
150 TX Cam 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 150.79 0.03 10.83 0.09 -9.2 30.6
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 518.32 0.05 10.29 0.14 3.3 18.3
28SiO(2 – 1)v2 2.37 0.22 1.77 0.68 1.3 2.0
29SiO(2 – 1)v0 24.75 0.03 10.90 0.10 -3.5 27.9
30SiO(2 – 1)v0 18.53 0.03 11.76 0.10 -4.1 27.7
151 TX Cam 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 154.48 0.03 10.75 0.09 -9.9 29.9
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 508.57 0.04 10.29 0.14 3.3 19.0
28SiO(2 – 1)v2 2.96 0.05 3.90 0.17 1.3 12.3
29SiO(2 – 1)v0 25.15 0.03 9.82 0.10 -5.5 25.9
30SiO(2 – 1)v0 17.31 0.03 11.60 0.11 -2.8 26.3
152 TX Cam 28SiO(3 – 2)v0 263.56 0.02 10.95 0.05 -9.8 29.8
28SiO(3 – 2)v1 178.45 0.05 10.49 0.10 5.7 15.7
28SiO(3 – 2)v2 8.10 0.04 11.37 0.08 1.0 17.4
29SiO(3 – 2)v0 46.64 0.02 11.22 0.05 -7.1 28.0
29SiO(3 – 2)v1 11.26 0.11 11.58 0.23 10.5 12.3
30SiO(3 – 2)v0 31.93 0.03 11.42 0.06 -3.0 26.9
153 TX Cam 28SiO(3 – 2)v0 255.21 0.02 10.92 0.05 -9.3 30.7
28SiO(3 – 2)v1 138.76 0.04 10.49 0.10 6.2 16.1
28SiO(3 – 2)v2 6.77 0.03 11.33 0.08 1.0 17.0
29SiO(3 – 2)v0 45.48 0.02 11.25 0.05 -5.7 28.4
29SiO(3 – 2)v1 2.73 0.14 11.54 0.32 11.0 11.9
30SiO(3 – 2)v0 33.01 0.02 10.94 0.05 -7.2 28.3
154 TX Cam 28SiO(4 – 3)v0 170.83 0.09 9.54 0.02 1.3 26.2
28SiO(4 – 3)v1 16.32 0.43 11.11 0.12 9.8 12.6
28SiO(4 – 3)v2 3.23 1.21 1.79 0.34 1.6 2.0
29SiO(4 – 3)v0 8.44 0.63 7.94 0.46 5.4 10.6 Wider velocity range in average 154 – 155.
29SiO(4 – 3)v1 16.20 0.43 10.65 0.12 9.0 11.8
155 TX Cam 28SiO(4 – 3)v0 171.39 0.11 11.84 0.04 -1.1 26.9
28SiO(4 – 3)v1 16.19 0.35 10.97 0.12 9.8 12.6
29SiO(4 – 3)v0 17.78 0.51 12.41 0.32 7.5 17.7 Wider velocity range in average 154 – 155.
29SiO(4 – 3)v1 12.49 0.36 10.51 0.12 9.0 11.8
156 TX Cam 30SiO(4 – 3)v0 18.51 0.09 8.90 0.06 3.8 14.1
157 TX Cam 30SiO(4 – 3)v0 29.82 0.05 12.08 0.04 0.0 26.6
158 TX Cam 28SiO(5 – 4)v0 143.09 0.08 11.64 0.03 -0.4 24.7
29SiO(5 – 4)v0 4.54 0.86 9.43 0.77 8.4 10.6 Smoothed to 1.1 km s−1.
30SiO(5 – 4)v0 19.27 0.89 4.00 1.48 -5.0 11.6 Smoothed to 3.3 km s−1.
159 TX Cam 28SiO(5 – 4)v0 135.45 0.08 11.83 0.03 0.7 24.4
29SiO(5 – 4)v0 6.64 1.33 9.38 1.55 7.3 11.3 Smoothed to 2.2 km s−1.
30SiO(5 – 4)v0 4.78 1.82 10.80 1.11 10.2 11.3 Smoothed to 1.1 km s−1.
160 IRC+60154 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 10.90 0.07 49.19 0.14 42.1 57.6 Wider velocity range in average 160 – 163.
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 86.89 0.08 49.68 0.18 45.2 55.4
29SiO(2 – 1)v0 1.18 0.22 53.50 0.48 52.8 54.2 Wider velocity range in average 160 – 163.
161 IRC+60154 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 11.37 0.06 49.37 0.14 41.4 57.6
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 104.89 0.07 50.06 0.16 45.2 56.8
29SiO(2 – 1)v0 3.88 0.22 52.22 1.37 47.3 58.2 Smoothed to 2.7 km s−1.
162 IRC+60154 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 12.95 0.05 49.89 0.13 40.7 60.3
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 75.41 0.07 49.72 0.18 45.2 54.7
29SiO(2 – 1)v0 2.97 0.08 50.15 0.20 46.0 54.2
163 IRC+60154 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 11.77 0.05 50.02 0.13 40.7 58.9
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 91.68 0.07 50.01 0.18 45.2 54.7
29SiO(2 – 1)v0 0.74 0.27 46.29 0.68 46.0 46.6
164 IRC+60154 28SiO(3 – 2)v0 15.91 0.03 50.49 0.07 40.4 60.2
28SiO(3 – 2)v1 23.91 0.06 49.79 0.13 47.8 53.3
28SiO(3 – 2)v2 1.89 0.15 47.22 0.32 46.9 47.8
29SiO(3 – 2)v0 3.46 0.20 52.45 1.63 43.7 62.0 Smoothed to 3.4 km s−1.
165 IRC+60154 28SiO(3 – 2)v0 13.55 0.03 50.26 0.07 40.8 59.3
28SiO(3 – 2)v1 15.27 0.06 49.75 0.14 47.4 52.4
28SiO(3 – 2)v2 3.20 0.06 48.94 0.14 46.9 51.9
29SiO(3 – 2)v0 1.00 0.44 45.50 3.64 43.7 47.4 Smoothed to 3.6 km s−1.
166 IRC+60154 29SiO(4 – 3)v1 2.28 0.83 50.52 0.34 50.3 50.7
167 IRC+60154 28SiO(4 – 3)v2 15.06 0.51 52.26 0.52 47.0 56.6 Smoothed to 1.4 km s−1.
29SiO(4 – 3)v1 3.10 0.52 50.63 0.24 50.3 51.0
177 U Ori 28SiO(1 – 0)v1 118.51 0.05 -38.84 0.34 -46.5 -28.7
28SiO(1 – 0)v2 87.97 0.07 -37.79 0.45 -44.7 -34.4
28SiO(1 – 0)v3 0.91 0.30 -38.56 3.87 -40.8 -36.9 Smoothed to 3.9 km s−1.
29SiO(1 – 0)v0 2.47 0.09 -39.95 0.57 -43.2 -36.8 Narrow component at −24 km s−1
178 U Ori 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 9.16 0.07 -37.46 0.17 -42.9 -32.8
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 275.39 0.06 -36.85 0.16 -40.4 -27.5
179 U Ori 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 9.45 0.07 -36.80 0.17 -42.2 -31.4
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 194.89 0.06 -36.65 0.16 -40.4 -28.2
29SiO(2 – 1)v0 0.61 0.26 -39.42 0.68 -39.7 -39.0
180 U Ori 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 7.33 0.10 -37.41 0.21 -40.8 -34.1
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 271.87 0.08 -36.84 0.16 -40.4 -28.2
181 U Ori 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 8.38 0.09 -36.69 0.19 -40.8 -32.1
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 175.07 0.07 -36.63 0.16 -39.8 -28.2
182 U Ori 28SiO(3 – 2)v0 15.78 0.05 -39.18 0.09 -45.0 -33.3
28SiO(3 – 2)v1 81.14 0.06 -38.74 0.11 -41.7 -34.0
28SiO(3 – 2)v2 13.91 0.09 -37.65 0.17 -39.5 -36.3
29SiO(3 – 2)v0 1.43 0.14 -40.95 0.26 -41.7 -40.3
30SiO(3 – 2)v0 3.93 0.09 -38.72 0.16 -40.7 -37.0
183 U Ori 28SiO(3 – 2)v0 14.50 0.05 -38.70 0.10 -43.2 -33.3
28SiO(3 – 2)v1 60.74 0.06 -38.68 0.12 -41.7 -34.9
28SiO(3 – 2)v2 16.94 0.09 -37.48 0.17 -39.1 -35.9
29SiO(3 – 2)v0 2.86 0.08 -38.95 0.16 -40.8 -37.2
30SiO(3 – 2)v0 3.82 0.03 -33.06 0.06 -38.9 -14.9 Narrow component at –15 km s−1.
184 U Ori 28SiO(4 – 3)v0 6.58 2.37 -37.95 1.35 -38.5 -37.1 Smoothed to 1.4 km s−1.
28SiO(4 – 3)v1 7.82 0.41 -39.36 0.14 -40.4 -38.3
28SiO(4 – 3)v2 3.23 1.15 -36.46 0.34 -36.6 -36.3
29SiO(4 – 3)v0 3.58 1.06 -37.32 1.37 -38.0 -36.6 Smoothed to 1.4 km s−1.
185 U Ori 28SiO(4 – 3)v0 13.64 1.28 -39.16 0.78 -41.2 -37.1 Smoothed to 1.3 km s−1.
28SiO(4 – 3)v1 7.56 0.50 -40.02 0.17 -40.7 -39.4
28SiO(4 – 3)v2 6.27 1.01 -36.47 0.34 -36.6 -36.3
28SiO(4 – 3)v3 1.44 0.62 -34.44 0.34 -34.6 -34.3
29SiO(4 – 3)v0 3.58 1.27 -37.30 1.37 -38.0 -36.6 Smoothed to 1.4 km s−1.
186 VY CMa 28SiO(1 – 0)v0 4.41 1.56 18.86 1.26 18.4 19.6
28SiO(1 – 0)v1 618.17 0.28 20.26 0.23 2.9 42.4
28SiO(1 – 0)v2 320.87 0.31 20.98 0.25 8.5 41.9
29SiO(1 – 0)v0 4.49 1.59 20.17 2.56 19.0 21.6 Smoothed to 2.6 km s−1.
187 VY CMa 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 565.72 0.04 18.18 0.06 -18.4 59.1
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 10235.73 0.04 21.53 0.07 -7.4 57.1
29SiO(2 – 1)v0 745.97 0.04 20.44 0.08 -4.1 46.4
30SiO(2 – 1)v0 33.60 0.05 17.77 0.09 -2.2 35.8
188 VY CMa 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 469.25 0.04 18.16 0.06 -19.1 59.8
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 10206.53 0.04 21.54 0.07 -7.4 57.7
29SiO(2 – 1)v0 873.36 0.04 20.20 0.08 -8.2 45.7
30SiO(2 – 1)v0 41.56 0.04 15.31 0.07 −16.0 44.1
189 VY CMa 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 558.21 0.04 18.23 0.06 -19.1 58.4
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 10084.60 0.04 21.55 0.07 -7.4 57.7
29SiO(2 – 1)v0 736.23 0.05 20.41 0.07 -8.9 49.8
30SiO(2 – 1)v0 36.17 0.06 19.97 0.09 0.6 44.8
190 VY CMa 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 453.19 0.04 18.18 0.06 -18.4 58.4
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 9996.03 0.04 21.55 0.07 -8.8 57.7
29SiO(2 – 1)v0 852.46 0.05 20.29 0.07 -9.6 50.5
30SiO(2 – 1)v0 25.79 0.07 15.40 0.11 -1.5 27.5
191 VY CMa 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 487.09 0.04 18.08 0.06 -18.4 58.4
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 8853.79 0.04 21.55 0.07 -8.1 57.1
29SiO(2 – 1)v0 643.85 0.05 20.33 0.08 -6.9 40.9
30SiO(2 – 1)v0 26.54 0.05 7.95 0.09 -17.4 20.6
192 VY CMa 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 403.46 0.03 18.15 0.06 -17.8 58.4
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 8819.72 0.04 21.56 0.07 -7.4 57.7
29SiO(2 – 1)v0 749.91 0.04 20.24 0.08 -8.9 47.1
30SiO(2 – 1)v0 22.22 0.06 19.42 0.12 8.2 32.4
193 VY CMa 28SiO(3 – 2)v0 721.89 0.04 21.39 0.03 -18.8 60.3
28SiO(3 – 2)v1 2654.91 0.04 25.53 0.04 -5.7 54.5
28SiO(3 – 2)v2 13.15 0.14 21.40 0.13 19.0 25.0
28SiO(3 – 2)v3 10.56 0.23 22.81 0.21 21.5 23.8
28SiO(3 – 2)v4 5.38 0.23 31.10 0.21 30.2 32.5
29SiO(3 – 2)v0 211.40 0.04 24.97 0.04 -8.2 59.6
30SiO(3 – 2)v0 81.59 0.05 19.30 0.04 -9.4 46.8
194 VY CMa 28SiO(3 – 2)v0 674.86 0.04 21.38 0.03 -18.8 61.7
28SiO(3 – 2)v1 2338.44 0.04 25.63 0.04 -5.7 55.4
28SiO(3 – 2)v2 15.31 0.14 21.59 0.13 19.0 25.0
28SiO(3 – 2)v3 14.92 0.21 22.85 0.19 21.5 24.3
28SiO(3 – 2)v4 6.06 0.19 31.34 0.17 29.7 33.0
29SiO(3 – 2)v0 206.96 0.04 24.59 0.04 -10.0 60.6
30SiO(3 – 2)v0 75.06 0.05 19.55 0.04 -7.6 47.3
195 VY CMa 28SiO(4 – 3)v0 605.64 0.25 21.92 0.02 -10.3 51.7
28SiO(4 – 3)v1 1250.70 0.32 24.31 0.03 4.5 42.9
28SiO(4 – 3)v2 1333.44 0.35 28.51 0.03 13.9 46.8
28SiO(4 – 3)v3 23.71 2.00 22.25 0.20 21.7 22.8
29SiO(4 – 3)v0 107.60 0.46 17.22 0.12 5.1 28.3 Smoothed to 0.7 km s−1.
29SiO(4 – 3)v1 56.46 0.48 26.36 0.15 19.3 33.7 Smoothed to 0.7 km s−1.
196 VY CMa 28SiO(4 – 3)v0 562.40 0.24 24.77 0.03 2.8 50.7
28SiO(4 – 3)v1 1176.84 0.27 24.36 0.03 3.8 42.2
28SiO(4 – 3)v2 1737.98 0.30 28.77 0.04 14.3 46.4
28SiO(4 – 3)v3 72.11 0.58 25.48 0.07 21.7 30.7
29SiO(4 – 3)v0 215.84 0.29 15.90 0.08 -12.0 43.4 Smoothed to 0.7 km s−1.
29SiO(4 – 3)v1 24.68 1.48 21.99 0.17 21.3 22.7
197 VY CMa 30SiO(4 – 3)v0 267.07 0.44 20.89 0.06 14.7 27.1
30SiO(4 – 3)v1 119.24 0.66 21.20 0.09 18.0 23.6
198 VY CMa 30SiO(4 – 3)v0 378.06 0.22 18.63 0.03 -11.6 29.2
30SiO(4 – 3)v1 144.35 0.62 21.46 0.09 18.4 23.6
199 VY CMa 28SiO(5 – 4)v0 712.21 0.09 21.19 0.02 -9.0 50.1
28SiO(5 – 4)v1 61.03 0.17 25.42 0.03 16.0 33.6
28SiO(5 – 4)v2 25.98 0.40 37.34 0.08 35.7 38.9
29SiO(5 – 4)v0 74.74 0.21 19.97 0.04 14.3 26.3
30SiO(5 – 4)v0 233.83 0.16 20.63 0.03 11.6 32.6
200 VY CMa 28SiO(5 – 4)v0 722.17 0.09 22.45 0.02 -9.3 54.9
28SiO(5 – 4)v1 59.26 0.13 24.58 0.03 15.4 33.1
28SiO(5 – 4)v2 33.48 0.30 36.37 0.06 33.5 38.9
29SiO(5 – 4)v0 129.35 0.13 21.05 0.03 7.7 37.8
30SiO(5 – 4)v0 259.19 0.16 19.53 0.03 9.7 30.4
201 S CMi 28SiO(1 – 0)v1 2.69 0.08 52.48 0.64 49.1 54.2
202 RS Cnc 28SiO(1 – 0)v1 0.65 0.25 21.01 2.55 19.7 22.3 Smoothed to 2.6 km s−1. Very narrow line.
203 R LMi 28SiO(1 – 0)v1 225.20 0.05 0.74 0.30 -5.9 17.0
28SiO(1 – 0)v2 165.36 0.05 0.27 0.30 -5.3 17.7
28SiO(1 – 0)v3 4.11 0.15 -0.34 0.91 -1.5 1.1
29SiO(1 – 0)v0 4.13 0.09 -0.28 0.57 -3.8 2.6
204 R LMi 28SiO(1 – 0)v1 542.83 0.16 0.74 0.38 -4.6 9.4
28SiO(1 – 0)v2 404.40 0.16 -0.45 0.39 -5.3 8.8
28SiO(1 – 0)v3 10.94 0.22 0.73 0.53 -1.5 6.3
29SiO(1 – 0)v0 6.25 0.27 -0.93 0.64 -3.8 1.3
205 R Leo 28SiO(1 – 0)v0 7.68 0.07 -2.40 0.40 -8.4 4.2
28SiO(1 – 0)v1 1902.85 0.06 2.01 0.35 -7.4 9.2
28SiO(1 – 0)v2 2499.05 0.06 0.56 0.34 -9.4 8.6
28SiO(1 – 0)v3 136.83 0.08 4.53 0.46 -1.6 8.7
29SiO(1 – 0)v0 3.66 0.09 2.12 0.52 -1.4 6.3
29SiO(1 – 0)v2 0.55 0.22 2.08 1.30 1.3 2.6
206 R Leo 28SiO(1 – 0)v0 14.13 0.12 -2.99 0.42 -8.4 3.0
28SiO(1 – 0)v1 2613.31 0.11 0.67 0.38 -7.3 6.7
28SiO(1 – 0)v2 3660.80 0.09 -0.34 0.33 -8.1 11.2
28SiO(1 – 0)v3 132.11 0.13 3.22 0.46 -2.9 7.4
29SiO(1 – 0)v0 4.26 0.25 -0.09 0.91 -1.4 1.2
29SiO(1 – 0)v2 0.99 0.22 10.45 0.92 9.2 11.8
207 R Leo 28SiO(1 – 0)v0 14.73 0.18 -1.49 0.42 -5.9 5.5
28SiO(1 – 0)v1 2527.13 0.53 0.64 0.40 -6.1 6.7
28SiO(1 – 0)v2 3435.11 0.53 0.14 0.41 -6.8 6.0
28SiO(1 – 0)v3 115.98 0.69 1.90 0.53 -2.9 4.8
29SiO(1 – 0)v0 3.39 0.63 -0.39 1.28 -1.4 -0.1
208 R Leo 28SiO(1 – 0)v1 1086.42 0.37 0.43 0.40 -6.1 6.7
28SiO(1 – 0)v2 1467.68 0.37 0.45 0.41 -6.8 6.0
28SiO(1 – 0)v3 27.18 0.59 2.14 0.65 -0.3 4.8
209 R Leo 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 77.22 0.09 -0.21 0.16 -5.7 5.8
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 2633.14 0.08 0.17 0.14 -7.3 9.0
28SiO(2 – 1)v2 26.40 0.09 3.31 0.16 -7.3 5.7
29SiO(2 – 1)v0 8.07 0.11 1.97 0.20 -2.6 5.6
30SiO(2 – 1)v0 2.92 0.18 -0.02 0.31 -1.7 1.8
210 R Leo 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 82.91 0.09 -0.22 0.16 -5.7 5.8
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 2616.74 0.07 0.06 0.14 -6.7 9.0
28SiO(2 – 1)v2 17.27 0.13 4.04 0.26 1.6 6.4
29SiO(2 – 1)v0 9.06 0.10 0.72 0.18 -4.6 4.9
30SiO(2 – 1)v0 3.99 0.14 -0.70 0.26 -3.1 1.8
211 R Leo 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 76.18 0.08 -0.15 0.15 -6.4 6.4
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 2551.97 0.07 0.23 0.14 -7.3 9.0
28SiO(2 – 1)v2 26.93 0.12 4.09 0.24 1.6 7.0
29SiO(2 – 1)v0 7.72 0.09 0.90 0.19 -3.9 4.9
30SiO(2 – 1)v0 3.77 0.12 -0.27 0.24 -3.1 2.4
212 R Leo 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 81.59 0.07 -0.17 0.15 -6.4 6.4
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 2555.13 0.06 0.09 0.14 -6.7 9.0
28SiO(2 – 1)v2 18.65 0.11 4.11 0.26 1.6 6.4
29SiO(2 – 1)v0 8.22 0.08 1.16 0.19 -3.9 4.9
30SiO(2 – 1)v0 4.95 0.09 -0.26 0.21 -3.8 3.8
213 R Leo 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 70.26 0.06 -0.17 0.15 -6.4 6.4
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 2282.62 0.06 0.22 0.14 -6.7 9.0
28SiO(2 – 1)v2 26.47 0.09 4.02 0.22 0.2 7.0
29SiO(2 – 1)v0 7.10 0.07 0.80 0.18 -4.6 4.9
30SiO(2 – 1)v0 4.01 0.09 -1.24 0.23 -4.5 1.8
214 R Leo 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 74.34 0.05 -0.12 0.15 -6.4 6.4
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 2256.74 0.05 0.15 0.14 -6.7 9.0
28SiO(2 – 1)v2 18.68 0.08 4.13 0.23 0.9 7.0
29SiO(2 – 1)v0 6.84 0.06 1.23 0.19 -3.9 4.9
30SiO(2 – 1)v0 3.80 0.08 -1.04 0.24 -3.8 1.8
215 R Leo 28SiO(3 – 2)v0 111.41 0.04 0.30 0.08 -5.8 7.2
28SiO(3 – 2)v1 396.12 0.04 -0.35 0.09 -6.1 5.7
28SiO(3 – 2)v2 11.75 0.08 1.26 0.17 -0.8 2.4
28SiO(3 – 2)v3 9.17 0.03 5.02 0.07 1.3 22.9
29SiO(3 – 2)v0 21.88 0.05 0.22 0.10 -4.8 5.2
30SiO(3 – 2)v0 20.65 0.05 -0.14 0.10 -5.2 4.9
216 R Leo 28SiO(3 – 2)v0 106.90 0.04 0.29 0.08 -5.8 7.2
28SiO(3 – 2)v1 507.68 0.04 -0.56 0.09 -6.1 6.1
28SiO(3 – 2)v2 13.29 0.06 1.23 0.14 -2.1 2.9
28SiO(3 – 2)v3 5.49 0.10 2.14 0.23 1.3 3.1
28SiO(3 – 2)v4 0.71 0.14 7.68 0.33 7.2 8.1
29SiO(3 – 2)v0 21.57 0.04 0.29 0.09 -4.8 5.7
29SiO(3 – 2)v1 0.50 0.20 1.20 0.46 1.0 1.4
30SiO(3 – 2)v0 19.71 0.05 -0.26 0.11 -4.3 4.5
217 R Leo 28SiO(4 – 3)v0 67.34 0.22 3.93 0.03 -1.6 37.5
28SiO(4 – 3)v1 11.71 1.40 -3.05 0.20 -3.6 -2.5
28SiO(4 – 3)v2 214.97 0.42 1.92 0.06 -6.0 5.6
28SiO(4 – 3)v3 66.27 0.66 3.73 0.09 1.5 6.3
29SiO(4 – 3)v0 20.16 0.41 0.59 0.10 -1.2 2.6
29SiO(4 – 3)v1 10.04 0.82 0.38 0.34 -1.0 1.8 Smoothed to 0.7 km s−1.
218 R Leo 28SiO(4 – 3)v0 73.56 0.45 0.92 0.08 -2.3 4.4
28SiO(4 – 3)v1 11.59 1.18 -2.74 0.20 -3.2 -2.2
28SiO(4 – 3)v2 191.83 0.36 2.14 0.06 -5.3 5.6
28SiO(4 – 3)v3 60.67 0.53 3.86 0.09 1.5 6.6
29SiO(4 – 3)v0 10.13 1.18 -1.02 0.20 -1.5 -0.5
29SiO(4 – 3)v1 3.75 1.53 0.08 0.69 -0.3 0.4 Smoothed to 0.7 km s−1.
220 R Leo 30SiO(4 – 3)v0 3.06 1.40 -0.89 0.35 -1.1 -0.7
28SiO(5 – 4)v0 116.25 0.08 0.56 0.04 -4.5 6.0
28SiO(5 – 4)v1 70.19 0.08 1.30 0.04 -5.4 5.8
28SiO(5 – 4)v2 13.47 0.16 3.18 0.08 2.0 5.0
29SiO(5 – 4)v0 25.97 0.11 0.73 0.06 -2.2 4.1
30SiO(5 – 4)v0 12.50 0.14 -0.23 0.07 -2.3 1.9
30SiO(5 – 4)v1 60.02 0.05 -0.21 0.02 -33.3 2.3
222 R Leo 28SiO(5 – 4)v0 116.50 0.08 0.44 0.04 -4.7 5.5
28SiO(5 – 4)v1 75.16 0.08 0.06 0.04 -5.4 5.5
28SiO(5 – 4)v2 10.05 0.16 3.18 0.09 2.0 4.7
29SiO(5 – 4)v0 28.07 0.10 0.28 0.05 -3.0 3.8
30SiO(5 – 4)v0 12.82 0.13 0.12 0.07 -2.0 2.4
30SiO(5 – 4)v1 60.52 0.15 1.15 0.08 -0.5 3.1
225 W Leo 28SiO(1 – 0)v0 0.89 0.12 48.16 1.79 46.1 51.2 Smoothed to 2.6 km s−1.
28SiO(1 – 0)v1 86.54 0.09 43.10 0.45 38.3 48.5
28SiO(1 – 0)v2 69.87 0.09 42.79 0.45 36.3 46.5
28SiO(1 – 0)v3 4.92 0.18 47.85 0.91 46.5 49.1
227 R Vir 28SiO(1 – 0)v1 4.77 0.10 -27.63 0.64 -30.5 -25.4
28SiO(1 – 0)v2 3.09 0.14 -28.87 0.91 -30.1 -27.6
228 R Vir 28SiO(1 – 0)v1 8.96 0.46 -27.53 0.73 -29.5 -25.6
28SiO(1 – 0)v2 5.89 0.57 -28.83 0.91 -30.1 -27.6
229 R Vir 28SiO(1 – 0)v1 7.77 0.22 -26.06 0.09 -26.7 -25.4
28SiO(1 – 0)v2 4.97 0.20 -27.21 0.10 -27.8 -26.7
230 T Com 28SiO(1 – 0)v0 1.31 0.36 23.51 3.79 21.8 25.6 Smoothed to 3.8 km s l·.
28SiO(1 – 0)v1 82.12 0.07 26.87 0.32 19.1 39.5
28SiO(1 – 0)v2 51.41 0.11 25.04 0.48 20.9 29.9
28SiO(1 – 0)v3 3.12 0.14 27.27 0.65 24.8 30.0
29SiO(1 – 0)v0 2.73 0.14 26.59 0.64 23.8 28.9
30SiO(1 – 0)v0 1.44 0.07 27.94 0.58 24.6 31.1
231 T Com 28SiO(2 – 1)v1 25.97 0.26 25.39 0.28 23.0 27.1
232 T Com 28SiO(2 – 1)v1 22.59 0.40 25.51 0.30 23.7 27.1
233 T Com 28SiO(2 – 1)v1 25.00 0.20 25.37 0.28 23.0 27.1
234 T Com 28SiO(2 – 1)v1 22.66 0.18 25.63 0.26 23.7 28.4
239 RT Vir 28SiO(1 – 0)v1 47.06 0.08 13.08 0.45 9.2 19.4
28SiO(1 – 0)v2 45.52 0.08 12.50 0.45 8.5 18.8
240 R Hya 28SiO(1 – 0)v0 0.91 0.38 -10.58 1.26 -11.2 -9.9
28SiO(1 – 0)v1 253.53 0.11 -10.24 0.35 -19.0 -2.4
28SiO(1 – 0)v2 111.55 0.12 -8.47 0.39 -14.6 -0.5
241 W Hya 28SiO(1 – 0)v0 6.87 0.30 38.28 0.63 35.2 40.2
28SiO(1 – 0)v1 1702.78 0.09 36.30 0.19 -10.8 46.5
28SiO(1 – 0)v2 3072.99 0.15 36.35 0.33 27.9 47.1
28SiO(1 – 0)v3 359.50 0.23 38.49 0.49 34.3 43.4
29SiO(1 – 0)v0 28.42 0.23 35.94 0.48 32.0 41.0
242 RX Boo 28SiO(1 – 0)v0 0.83 0.17 14.49 0.89 13.3 15.9
28SiO(1 – 0)v1 14.44 0.10 0.00 0.52 -3.3 4.4
28SiO(1 – 0)v2 5.51 0.13 0.12 0.64 -2.6 2.5
28SiO(1 – 0)v3 0.74 0.25 -4.61 1.29 -5.2 -3.9
243 RX Boo 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 104.23 0.07 1.08 0.14 -7.4 8.8
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 278.94 0.07 1.05 0.14 -6.3 8.6
29SiO(2 – 1)v0 14.62 0.08 1.50 0.15 -4.9 8.7
30SiO(2 – 1)v0 14.80 0.08 0.81 0.15 -6.2 7.7
244 RX Boo 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 108.97 0.09 1.07 0.13 -8.0 8.8
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 277.64 0.09 1.19 0.15 -5.6 8.6
29SiO(2 – 1)v0 15.05 0.11 1.31 0.17 -4.3 7.4
30SiO(2 – 1)v0 13.19 0.11 0.74 0.17 -4.8 6.3
245 RX Boo 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 102.33 0.07 1.13 0.13 -7.4 9.5
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 278.36 0.07 1.03 0.14 -5.6 9.3
29SiO(2 – 1)v0 15.98 0.08 0.90 0.15 -6.3 7.4
30SiO(2 – 1)v0 14.84 0.08 0.57 0.15 -6.8 7.0
246 RX Boo 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 107.33 0.06 1.03 0.13 -8.7 9.5
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 272.12 0.07 1.15 0.15 -5.6 8.6
29SiO(2 – 1)v0 16.20 0.08 0.95 0.16 -5.6 7.4
30SiO(2 – 1)v0 13.73 0.08 1.33 0.16 -5.5 7.7
247 RX Boo 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 105.89 0.05 1.05 0.13 -9.4 9.5
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 289.55 0.06 0.97 0.14 -6.3 8.6
29SiO(2 – 1)v0 16.70 0.06 1.07 0.15 -6.3 8.0
30SiO(2 – 1)v0 14.98 0.06 0.92 0.16 -6.2 7.0
248 RX Boo 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 109.89 0.05 1.07 0.13 -8.7 9.5
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 284.19 0.05 1.08 0.14 -7.0 8.6
29SiO(2 – 1)v0 16.68 0.06 1.03 0.15 -6.3 8.0
30SiO(2 – 1)v0 15.74 0.06 0.58 0.15 -6.8 7.0
249 RX Boo 28SiO(3 – 2)v0 180.82 0.03 1.09 0.05 -33.8 9.8
28SiO(3 – 2)v1 1.49 0.21 2.39 0.32 2.0 2.9
29SiO(3 – 2)v0 45.34 0.05 1.35 0.08 -5.8 8.3
30SiO(3 – 2)v0 32.73 0.06 1.09 0.09 -4.8 7.1
250 RX Boo 28SiO(3 – 2)v0 174.09 0.05 1.31 0.07 -7.3 9.8
28SiO(3 – 2)v1 2.57 0.13 1.87 0.20 0.6 2.9
29SiO(3 – 2)v0 44.22 0.05 1.23 0.08 -6.7 8.8
30SiO(3 – 2)v0 33.62 0.05 1.28 0.08 -5.8 8.5
251 RX Boo 28SiO(4 – 3)v0 188.25 0.18 3.13 0.03 -6.7 33.8
28SiO(4 – 3)v2 112.69 0.45 3.10 0.08 -0.5 6.4
28SiO(4 – 3)v3 8.75 1.47 1.26 1.46 -1.2 2.9 Smoothed to 2.1 km s−1.
29SiO(4 – 3)v0 17.70 0.75 1.78 0.13 0.6 3.0
252 RX Boo 28SiO(4 – 3)v0 159.73 0.30 1.34 0.05 -5.3 7.5
28SiO(4 – 3)v2 113.85 0.40 3.07 0.07 -0.5 6.7
28SiO(4 – 3)v3 4.04 1.37 3.58 0.69 3.2 3.9 Smoothed to 0.7 km s−1.
29SiO(4 – 3)v0 21.45 0.66 0.89 0.12 -0.4 2.3
253 RX Boo 30SiO(4 – 3)v0 34.96 0.14 1.76 0.07 -3.1 6.6
254 RX Boo 30SiO(4 – 3)v0 44.44 0.11 1.35 0.06 -5.2 6.9
255 RX Boo 28SiO(5 – 4)v0 199.26 0.34 1.58 0.04 -4.1 6.9
29SiO(5 – 4)v0 14.21 0.99 1.60 0.12 0.9 2.3
30SiO(5 – 4)v0 7.60 1.58 0.02 0.20 -0.2 0.3
256 RX Boo 28SiO(5 – 4)v0 196.91 0.33 1.57 0.04 -4.1 7.2
29SiO(5 – 4)v0 7.12 1.53 2.82 0.19 2.6 3.1
30SiO(5 – 4)v0 6.34 2.19 0.75 0.28 0.6 0.9
257 RS Vir 28SiO(1 – 0)v1 38.60 0.10 -11.85 0.57 -14.3 -7.9
28SiO(1 – 0)v2 29.82 0.08 -12.13 0.45 -17.6 -7.3
258 S Crb 28SiO(1 – 0)v1 142.42 0.08 0.05 0.40 -6.6 6.1
28SiO(1 – 0)v2 160.82 0.07 -0.05 0.34 -8.6 9.3
259 S Crb 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 11.40 0.10 1.57 0.19 -2.3 5.7
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 259.61 0.08 0.71 0.16 -6.0 6.9
260 S Crb 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 12.12 0.09 1.10 0.19 -3.0 5.7
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 197.42 0.08 0.80 0.16 -6.0 6.2
261 S Crb 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 11.24 0.08 1.23 0.19 -3.0 5.7
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 268.37 0.07 0.72 0.16 -6.0 6.2
262 S Crb 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 10.74 0.08 1.28 0.19 -2.3 5.7
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 203.11 0.07 0.77 0.16 -6.0 6.2
263 S Crb 28SiO(3 – 2)v0 18.16 0.06 1.36 0.10 -2.9 6.1
28SiO(3 – 2)v1 16.48 0.07 0.04 0.12 -3.2 3.2
28SiO(3 – 2)v2 10.21 0.08 4.67 0.14 2.1 6.7
29SiO(3 – 2)v0 3.50 0.08 0.74 0.14 -1.9 3.1
30SiO(3 – 2)v0 2.51 0.06 6.55 0.10 2.3 12.4
264 S Crb 28SiO(3 – 2)v0 18.82 0.05 1.72 0.10 -2.5 7.4
28SiO(3 – 2)v1 10.44 0.06 0.13 0.13 -2.7 3.2
28SiO(3 – 2)v2 4.50 0.09 4.56 0.17 3.1 6.2
29SiO(3 – 2)v0 3.85 0.07 1.34 0.14 -1.0 4.0
30SiO(3 – 2)v0 0.90 0.16 2.80 0.33 2.3 3.2
265 S Crb 28SiO(4 – 3)v2 152.33 0.33 2.41 0.07 -0.6 7.6
266 S Crb 28SiO(4 – 3)v0 11.06 0.19 5.66 0.04 2.1 21.6
28SiO(4 – 3)v2 113.13 0.29 2.33 0.07 -0.6 8.0
267 WX Ser 28SiO(1 – 0)v1 25.15 0.05 7.27 0.35 -1.9 14.7
28SiO(1 – 0)v2 27.11 0.07 7.30 0.45 1.2 11.5
29SiO(1 – 0)v0 0.58 0.25 23.29 2.56 22.0 24.5 Smoothed to 2.6 km s−1.
268 WX Ser 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 4.32 0.12 4.98 0.24 2.3 7.7
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 54.49 0.09 8.04 0.18 2.0 12.2
269 WX Ser 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 6.62 0.09 8.44 0.19 4.3 13.1
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 74.16 0.09 7.77 0.18 2.0 12.2
270 WX Ser 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 6.37 0.08 7.38 0.17 2.3 12.4
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 54.85 0.08 7.95 0.18 2.0 12.2
271 WX Ser 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 6.88 0.08 6.50 0.17 1.6 11.7
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 75.23 0.08 7.81 0.18 2.0 12.2
272 WX Ser 28SiO(3 – 2)v0 12.38 0.05 7.34 0.09 1.3 13.4
28SiO(3 – 2)v1 12.93 0.09 6.51 0.16 4.6 8.3
28SiO(3 – 2)v2 1.51 0.15 11.98 0.26 11.3 12.7
273 WX Ser 28SiO(3 – 2)v0 11.35 0.05 6.82 0.09 0.8 12.5
28SiO(3 – 2)v1 29.93 0.06 6.59 0.12 3.7 10.1
28SiO(3 – 2)v2 1.88 0.23 11.35 0.53 10.0 12.7 Smoothed to 0.9 km s l·.
274 WX Ser 28SiO(4 – 3)v2 14.18 0.53 10.45 0.28 8.5 12.6 Smoothed to 0.7 km s−1.
275 WX Ser 28SiO(4 – 3)v2 9.57 0.74 9.23 0.17 8.5 9.9
280 U Her 28SiO(1 – 0)v0 1.65 0.15 -16.89 0.89 -18.4 -15.8
28SiO(1 – 0)v1 549.27 0.03 -17.60 0.19 -52.9 3.1
28SiO(1 – 0)v2 480.31 0.06 -17.93 0.36 -25.6 -9.0
29SiO(1 – 0)v0 37.80 0.12 -16.79 0.74 -19.0 -15.1
30SiO(1 – 0)v0 19.39 0.09 -15.96 0.53 -19.4 -11.6
281 U Her 28SiO(1 – 0)v0 3.46 0.07 -19.69 0.45 -26.0 -15.8
28SiO(1 – 0)v1 462.91 0.06 -17.81 0.38 -23.6 -9.6
28SiO(1 – 0)v2 389.05 0.06 -17.66 0.37 -24.3 -9.0
29SiO(1 – 0)v0 29.73 0.11 -16.93 0.64 -19.0 -13.8
30SiO(1 – 0)v0 10.67 0.12 -16.02 0.75 -18.1 -14.2
282 U Her 28SiO(1 – 0)v0 3.27 0.45 -17.12 0.89 -18.4 -15.8
28SiO(1 – 0)v1 534.48 0.19 -17.94 0.38 -23.6 -9.6
28SiO(1 – 0)v2 428.31 0.20 -17.23 0.41 -23.1 -10.2
29SiO(1 – 0)v0 33.32 0.45 -17.19 0.91 -19.0 -16.4
30SiO(1 – 0)v0 11.02 0.65 -16.92 1.30 -18.1 -16.8
283 U Her 28SiO(1 – 0)v1 546.14 0.05 -16.86 0.03 -21.9 -9.2
28SiO(1 – 0)v2 464.80 0.04 -16.17 0.03 -22.2 -8.7
29SiO(1 – 0)v0 39.01 0.13 -16.01 0.07 -17.3 -15.1
284 U Her 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 19.87 0.10 -14.41 0.17 -19.3 -9.2
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 635.92 0.09 -16.24 0.16 -21.7 -9.4
29SiO(2 – 1)v0 1.72 0.32 -14.60 0.97 -16.2 -13.5 Smoothed to 1.4 km s−1.
285 U Her 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 22.95 0.08 -14.20 0.16 -19.3 -7.9
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 459.50 0.08 -16.46 0.16 -21.7 -10.1
286 U Her 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 23.15 0.08 -14.11 0.15 -20.0 -7.2
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 646.81 0.09 -16.24 0.16 -21.0 -9.4
29SiO(2 – 1)v0 1.71 0.64 -13.71 2.05 -14.8 -12.8 Smoothed to 2.1 km s−1
287 U Her 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 23.71 0.08 -13.88 0.15 -19.3 -6.5
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 458.94 0.08 -16.48 0.16 -21.7 -9.4
288 U Her 28SiO(3 – 2)v0 36.16 0.06 -14.70 0.08 -20.8 -7.8
28SiO(3 – 2)v1 40.80 0.10 -15.77 0.14 -18.8 -14.3
28SiO(3 – 2)v2 2.26 0.18 -16.05 0.26 -16.7 -15.3
29SiO(3 – 2)v0 4.29 0.09 -14.48 0.14 -17.0 -12.0
29SiO(3 – 2)v1 45.18 0.18 -15.67 0.26 -16.3 -14.9
30SiO(3 – 2)v0 4.96 0.07 -19.52 0.11 -24.8 -16.1
289 U Her 28SiO(3 – 2)v0 35.30 0.05 -14.30 0.08 -19.9 -6.9
28SiO(3 – 2)v1 31.65 0.10 -15.68 0.16 -17.9 -14.3
29SiO(3 – 2)v0 4.42 0.08 -14.86 0.13 -17.5 -12.0
29SiO(3 – 2)v1 4.93 0.20 -15.70 0.32 -16.3 -15.4
30SiO(3 – 2)v0 5.63 0.31 -15.53 0.82 -20.2 -11.0 Smoothed to 1.8 km s−1
290 U Her 28SiO(4 – 3)v0 25.01 4.20 -14.49 1.43 -16.6 -12.6 Smoothed to 2.0 km s−1.
28SiO(4 – 3)v1 8.52 3.96 -15.82 2.04 -16.9 -14.8 Smoothed to 2.0 km s−1.
29SiO(4 – 3)v0 3.99 1.36 -15.43 0.68 -15.8 -15.1 Smoothed to 0.7 km s−1.
291 U Her 28SiO(4 – 3)v0 18.20 5.53 -14.52 4.05 -16.6 -12.6 Smoothed to 4.0 km s−1.
29SiO(4 – 3)v0 15.95 1.31 -13.65 1.02 -17.5 -9.3 Smoothed to 2.0 km s−1.
292 R UMi 28SiO(1 – 0)v2 5.40 0.19 -9.42 0.74 -11.4 -7.5
293 R UMi 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 6.17 0.11 -7.24 0.21 -10.6 -3.9
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 23.00 0.10 -7.17 0.20 -10.9 -3.4
294 R UMi 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 5.68 0.11 -6.95 0.22 -10.0 -3.9
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 27.22 0.10 -7.41 0.20 -10.9 -2.7
295 R UMi 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 4.61 0.10 -7.29 0.24 -10.0 -4.6
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 21.97 0.08 -7.13 0.20 -10.9 -3.4
296 R UMi 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 6.66 0.09 -7.02 0.22 -10.0 -3.9
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 26.31 0.08 -7.48 0.19 -11.6 -2.7
297 R UMi 28SiO(3 – 2)v0 9.99 0.06 -8.06 0.12 -11.4 -4.7
28SiO(3 – 2)v1 1.27 0.57 -7.14 2.72 -8.5 -5.8 Smoothed to 2.7 km s−1.
29SiO(3 – 2)v0 2.47 0.14 -8.49 0.41 -10.8 -6.2 Smoothed to 0.9 km s−1.
30SiO(3 – 2)v0 1.93 0.74 -7.40 2.76 -8.8 -6.1 Smoothed to 2.8 km s−1.
298 R UMi 28SiO(3 – 2)v0 9.36 0.05 -8.30 0.12 -11.4 -5.1
29SiO(3 – 2)v0 1.14 0.19 -9.88 0.64 -10.8 -9.0 Smoothed to 0.9 km s−1.
30SiO(3 – 2)v0 1.46 0.53 -7.83 1.84 -8.8 -7.0 Smoothed to 1.8 km s−1.
299 R UMi 28SiO(4 – 3)v2 17.97 0.45 -7.63 0.11 -9.5 -6.0
300 R UMi 28SiO(4 – 3)v2 21.51 0.36 -7.68 0.10 -9.8 -5.7
302 VX Sgr 28SiO(1 – 0)v0 6.21 0.17 3.42 0.57 0.1 6.4
28SiO(1 – 0)v1 803.63 0.06 4.94 0.20 -17.9 33.0
28SiO(1 – 0)v2 404.96 0.09 5.38 0.29 -3.4 22.2
29SiO(1 – 0)v0 10.03 0.17 4.04 0.57 0.7 7.1
30SiO(1 – 0)v0 3.57 0.10 15.48 0.33 5.4 24.8
303 VX Sgr 28SiO(1 – 0)v0 6.78 0.17 5.34 0.48 1.3 10.2
28SiO(1 – 0)v1 653.42 0.10 5.19 0.27 -7.8 21.5
28SiO(1 – 0)v2 326.96 0.11 6.02 0.29 -3.4 21.0
29SiO(1 – 0)v0 6.97 0.23 3.59 0.64 0.7 5.8
30SiO(1 – 0)v0 1.56 0.53 5.56 2.59 4.1 6.7
304 VX Sgr 28SiO(1 – 0)v1 644.50 0.03 6.42 0.02 -4.6 21.1
28SiO(l – 0)v2 307.05 0.03 7.11 0.02 -1.0 20.1
29SiO(1 – 0)v0 6.32 0.08 4.43 0.05 2.4 6.0
305 VX Sgr 28SiO(1 – 0)v1 825.35 0.05 6.77 0.02 -4.4 21.3
28SiO(1 – 0)v2 377.44 0.04 7.38 0.02 -0.4 20.1
29SiO(1 – 0)v0 3.87 0.29 5.99 0.21 5.2 6.9 Smoothed to 0.4 km s−1
306 VX Sgr 28SiO(1 – 0)v1 702.42 0.05 6.83 0.02 -3.3 21.3
28SiO(1 – 0)v2 340.51 0.04 7.34 0.02 -0.8 20.1
29SiO(1 – 0)v0 2.56 0.45 4.31 0.30 3.9 4.8 Smoothed to 0.4 km s−1
307 VX Sgr 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 86.52 0.04 5.33 0.08 -14.7 27.8
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 1828.68 0.05 5.20 0.09 -12.4 25.6
29SiO(2 – 1)v0 26.30 0.08 4.44 0.15 -2.9 12.1
308 VX Sgr 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 88.31 0.04 5.33 0.09 -14.0 26.4
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 1837.90 0.04 5.04 0.09 -12.4 27.6
29SiO(2 – 1)v0 26.21 0.07 4.49 0.14 -2.9 14.1
30SiO(2 – 1)v0 0.83 0.35 6.47 0.69 6.1 6.8
309 VX Sgr 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 86.03 0.04 5.05 0.09 -14.7 26.4
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 1860.41 0.04 5.19 0.09 -12.4 27.6
29SiO(2 – 1)v0 27.39 0.06 4.59 0.14 -2.9 13.4
30SiO(2 – 1)v0 1.32 0.21 5.44 0.49 4.7 6.1
310 VX Sgr 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 90.53 0.04 4.76 0.09 -15.4 25.7
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 1824.23 0.04 4.99 0.09 -12.4 27.0
29SiO(2 – 1)v0 27.61 0.05 5.54 0.12 -2.9 21.0
30SiO(2 – 1)v0 2.96 0.08 2.57 0.19 -2.2 6.8
311 VX Sgr 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 84.86 0.03 4.99 0.08 -16.7 26.4
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 1796.38 0.04 5.19 0.09 -12.4 27.6
29SiO(2 – 1)v0 29.36 0.05 4.46 0.12 -6.4 16.9
312 VX Sgr 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 90.49 0.03 5.16 0.08 -16.7 27.1
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 1802.38 0.03 5.00 0.09 -12.4 27.6
29SiO(2 – 1)v0 26.94 0.05 5.09 0.12 -2.9 17.5
30SiO(2 – 1)v0 0.60 0.27 -2.54 0.69 -2.9 -2.2
313 VX Sgr 28SiO(3 – 2)v0 149.01 0.03 6.17 0.05 -13.9 28.8
28SiO(3 – 2)v1 362.94 0.04 5.12 0.06 -6.2 17.8
28SiO(3 – 2)v2 1.79 0.21 6.82 0.32 6.4 7.3
29SiO(3 – 2)v0 25.58 0.04 7.13 0.06 -7.7 21.9
30SiO(3 – 2)v0 22.11 0.04 7.03 0.06 -7.3 22.2
314 VX Sgr 28SiO(3 – 2)v0 145.32 0.03 6.23 0.05 -14.4 29.2
28SiO(3 – 2)v1 382.92 0.04 5.32 0.06 -6.6 18.3
28SiO(3 – 2)v2 1.40 0.19 6.42 0.32 5.9 6.8
28SiO(3 – 2)v4 4.22 0.35 5.06 0.92 1.6 9.0 Smoothed to 1.8 km s−1.
29SiO(3 – 2)v0 28.73 0.03 6.62 0.05 -11.3 26.0
30SiO(3 – 2)v0 17.53 0.04 3.87 0.06 -9.2 16.6
315 VX Sgr 28SiO(4 – 3)v0 112.96 0.30 10.32 0.04 -2.2 28.8
28SiO(4 – 3)v1 88.91 0.65 4.62 0.08 1.2 8.0
28SiO(4 – 3)v2 41.59 0.98 2.38 0.11 0.8 3.9
29SiO(4 – 3)v0 45.47 2.47 7.56 1.83 -1.9 18.6 Smoothed to 4.1 km s−1.
29SiO(4 – 3)v1 6.15 2.96 3.55 0.34 3.4 3.7
316 VX Sgr 28SiO(4 – 3)v0 51.78 0.45 3.46 0.06 -1.9 7.9
28SiO(4 – 3)v1 96.15 0.50 4.28 0.07 0.2 8.3
28SiO(4 – 3)v2 107.32 0.42 6.01 0.06 0.5 12.1
28SiO(4 – 3)v3 10.71 3.76 1.52 4.13 0.0 4.1 Smoothed to 4.1 km s−1.
29SiO(4 – 3)v0 57.69 1.63 6.06 1.45 -10.1 22.7 Smoothed to 4.1 km s−1.
29SiO(4 – 3)v1 24.00 0.94 3.64 0.13 2.3 4.8
317 VX Sgr 28SiO(5 – 4)v0 238.35 0.10 7.35 0.02 -8.1 23.7
28SiO(5 – 4)v1 21.66 0.50 17.21 0.25 12.6 21.6 Smoothed to 0.8 km s−1.
28SiO(5 – 4)v3 33.55 0.23 4.03 0.06 0.8 7.4
29SiO(5 – 4)v0 2.32 1.12 13.01 0.27 12.9 13.1
30SiO(5 – 4)v0 46.50 0.14 6.26 0.03 -3.2 15.9
318 VX Sgr 28SiO(5 – 4)v0 229.60 0.10 6.84 0.03 -8.7 22.6
28SiO(5 – 4)v1 13.99 0.65 17.59 0.44 14.5 21.0 Smoothed to 1.1 km s−1.
28SiO(5 – 4)v3 44.38 0.14 5.87 0.04 -0.3 15.6
29SiO(5 – 4)v0 10.97 0.34 4.89 0.09 3.6 6.3
30SiO(5 – 4)v0 24.52 0.22 6.08 0.06 2.4 9.3
319 AFGL 2139 28SiO(1 – 0)v1 22.42 0.08 39.29 0.38 31.9 45.9
28SiO(1 – 0)v2 10.42 0.05 40.75 0.25 13.3 46.6
320 V1111 Oph 28SiO(1 – 0)v0 3.71 0.13 -35.22 0.73 -37.6 -33.8
28SiO(1 – 0)v1 356.10 0.06 -30.25 0.34 -41.6 -23.7
28SiO(1 – 0)v2 385.36 0.03 -29.59 0.18 -78.2 -12.8
28SiO(1 – 0)v3 6.72 0.13 -27.73 0.75 -29.4 -25.6
29SiO(1 – 0)v0 20.99 0.07 -31.53 0.40 -38.2 -25.4
29SiO(1 – 0)v1 0.73 0.16 -33.33 0.91 -34.6 -32.1
30SiO(1 – 0)v0 0.96 0.22 -27.58 1.30 -28.3 -27.0
321 V1111 Oph 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 72.63 0.04 -30.36 0.10 -44.2 -15.2
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 249.77 0.06 -30.31 0.14 -37.7 -22.1
29SiO(2 – 1)v0 14.31 0.05 -28.10 0.11 -41.2 -15.9
30SiO(2 – 1)v0 5.48 0.06 -31.39 0.14 -39.7 -23.1
322 V1111 Oph 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 77.47 0.04 -30.38 0.10 -44.9 -14.5
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 206.73 0.06 -30.27 0.14 -37.7 -22.8
29SiO(2 – 1)v0 15.39 0.05 -28.03 0.12 -40.5 -16.6
30SiO(2 – 1)v0 5.55 0.38 -28.68 4.79 -40.4 -15.5 Smoothed to 8.3 km s−1.
323 V1111 Oph 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 69.71 0.05 -30.32 0.10 -44.2 -15.2
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 205.37 0.06 -30.18 0.14 -37.7 -22.8
29SiO(2 – 1)v0 12.20 0.06 -29.92 0.12 -41.2 -20.7
30SiO(2 – 1)v0 8.31 0.33 -29.54 1.69 -42.5 -17.6 Smoothed to 4.2 km s−1.
324 V1111 Oph 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 74.85 0.04 -30.25 0.10 -44.2 -14.5
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 231.67 0.06 -30.43 0.14 -37.7 -22.8
29SiO(2 – 1)v0 8.80 0.06 -27.19 0.15 -35.7 -21.4
30SiO(2 – 1)v0 11.10 0.19 -29.05 0.87 -43.2 -15.5 Smoothed to 2.8 km s−1.
325 V1111 Oph 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 73.61 0.04 -30.41 0.10 -45.5 -14.5
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 232.02 0.05 -30.27 0.14 -37.7 -22.8
29SiO(2 – 1)v0 12.79 0.04 -30.15 0.12 -42.5 -20.0
30SiO(2 – 1)v0 2.27 0.26 -27.82 1.60 -32.1 -23.8 Smoothed to 2.8 km s−1.
326 V1111 Oph 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 75.03 0.03 -30.37 0.10 -44.9 -14.5
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 213.15 0.05 -30.36 0.14 -38.4 -22.8
29SiO(2 – 1)v0 13.30 0.04 -27.14 0.12 -37.7 -17.3
30SiO(2 – 1)v0 4.46 0.08 -25.70 0.37 -34.9 -15.5 Smoothed to 1.4 km s−1.
327 V1111 Oph 28SiO(3 – 2)v0 104.72 0.03 -31.59 0.06 -46.1 -16.4
28SiO(3 – 2)v1 147.90 0.05 -33.20 0.09 -38.3 -26.1
28SiO(3 – 2)v2 6.58 0.05 -31.24 0.10 -37.6 -27.1
28SiO(3 – 2)v3 0.58 0.25 -46.29 0.46 -46.5 -46.1
29SiO(3 – 2)v0 17.32 0.04 -30.24 0.07 -40.6 -20.2
29SiO(3 – 2)v1 4.90 0.08 -29.44 0.15 -32.2 -28.1
29SiO(3 – 2)v2 0.63 0.25 -23.24 0.46 -23.4 -23.0
30SiO(3 – 2)v0 9.63 0.05 -30.68 0.09 -37.0 -24.1
328 V1111 Oph 28SiO(3 – 2)v0 100.58 0.03 -31.87 0.06 -46.6 -16.9
28SiO(3 – 2)v1 104.63 0.04 -32.81 0.09 -37.4 -25.6
28SiO(3 – 2)v2 15.25 0.05 -29.89 0.10 -37.6 -27.1
29SiO(3 – 2)v0 19.04 0.03 -32.04 0.06 -45.6 -18.8
29SiO(3 – 2)v1 4.25 0.07 -29.89 0.15 -32.2 -28.1
30SiO(3 – 2)v0 9.94 0.04 -31.14 0.08 -39.3 -24.1
329 V1111 Oph 28SiO(4 – 3)v0 85.48 0.15 -31.19 0.04 -42.1 -21.6
28SiO(4 – 3)v1 37.38 0.37 -32.82 0.20 -36.0 -27.8 Smoothed to 0.7 km s−1.
28SiO(4 – 3)v2 26.50 0.35 -24.43 0.10 -26.8 -22.7
28SiO(4 – 3)v3 13.54 0.20 -25.51 0.10 -27.9 -23.4
29SiO(4 – 3)v0 22.95 0.37 -30.45 0.38 -38.7 -21.0 Smoothed to 1.4 km s−1.
330 V1111 Oph 28SiO(4 – 3)v0 67.70 0.15 -30.22 0.05 -38.4 -20.9
28SiO(4 – 3)v1 30.75 0.24 -32.70 0.08 -35.0 -28.2
28SiO(4 – 3)v2 24.49 0.27 -25.13 0.09 -28.2 -22.7
28SiO(4 – 3)v3 16.87 0.17 -25.23 0.09 -27.9 -23.1
29SiO(4 – 3)v0 13.80 0.47 -27.69 0.52 -31.9 -22.3 Smoothed to 1.4 km s−1.
331 V1111 Oph 28SiO(5 – 4)v0 167.55 0.04 -31.08 0.03 -44.9 -16.0
28SiO(5 – 4)v1 0.93 0.45 -37.81 0.27 -38.0 -37.7
29SiO(5 – 4)v0 27.77 0.05 -29.36 0.03 -38.6 -18.9
30SiO(5 – 4)v0 13.94 0.08 -29.34 0.05 -34.3 -24.4
30SiO(5 – 4)v1 10.67 0.15 -27.19 0.09 -28.4 -25.9
332 V1111 Oph 28SiO(5 – 4)v0 172.29 0.04 -30.87 0.03 -44.3 -16.3
28SiO(5 – 4)v1 9.35 0.11 -35.63 0.07 -38.0 -33.6
28SiO(5 – 4)v2 3.34 0.70 -26.77 1.16 -28.4 -25.1 Smoothed to 0.8 km s−1.
29SiO(5 – 4)v0 18.65 0.07 -29.56 0.04 -34.8 -23.3
30SiO(5 – 4)v0 15.31 0.08 -29.74 0.05 -34.6 -24.7
30SiO(5 – 4)v1 15.43 0.13 -27.00 0.08 -28.4 -25.0
333 R Aql 28SiO(1 – 0)v1 80.73 0.07 47.80 0.42 41.7 53.1
28SiO(1 – 0)v2 36.46 0.05 46.50 0.29 42.2 66.6
334 R Aql 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 69.99 0.04 47.98 0.13 38.2 55.7
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 170.38 0.06 49.06 0.18 43.7 53.9
29SiO(2 – 1)v0 9.36 0.05 48.10 0.16 41.4 54.3
30SiO(2 – 1)v0 7.46 0.06 49.17 0.17 44.3 55.4
335 R Aql 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 72.82 0.04 47.93 0.13 38.2 55.7
28SiO(2 – l)vl 161.76 0.06 49.24 0.18 43.7 53.9
29SiO(2 – 1)v0 9.88 0.05 48.45 0.17 42.7 54.3
30SiO(2 – 1)v0 8.00 0.05 48.47 0.16 42.2 55.4
336 R Aql 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 69.60 0.08 46.66 0.13 37.2 54.1
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 158.14 0.10 47.47 0.18 42.3 52.5
29SiO(2 – 1)v0 5.88 0.13 46.22 0.23 43.0 49.2
30SiO(2 – 1)v0 6.56 0.31 46.18 0.62 43.2 50.1 Smoothed to 1.4 km s−1.
337 R Aql 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 73.36 0.08 46.59 0.13 37.2 54.1
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 170.91 0.11 47.58 0.19 43.0 51.8
29SiO(2 – 1)v0 8.62 0.11 45.99 0.19 41.7 50.5
30SiO(2 – 1)v0 8.64 0.11 47.34 0.19 43.2 52.1
338 R Aql 28SiO(3 – 2)v0 99.68 0.06 47.82 0.07 39.1 55.8
28SiO(3 – 2)v1 11.36 0.11 49.64 0.14 46.5 51.5
28SiO(3 – 2)v2 1.77 0.25 49.57 0.32 49.1 50.1
28SiO(3 – 2)v3 0.85 0.36 50.50 0.46 50.3 50.8
29SiO(3 – 2)v0 11.37 0.08 47.25 0.10 42.9 51.5
30SiO(3 – 2)v0 9.16 0.10 46.95 0.13 43.8 49.8
339 R Aql 28SiO(3 – 2)v0 95.40 0.05 47.81 0.07 38.7 55.3
28SiO(3 – 2)v1 9.52 0.10 49.58 0.14 46.5 51.5
28SiO(3 – 2)v2 5.26 0.14 49.44 0.20 48.2 50.5
29SiO(3 – 2)v0 11.02 0.07 47.33 0.10 42.9 51.5
30SiO(3 – 2)v0 9.65 0.09 47.52 0.12 44.2 50.7
340 R Aql 28SiO(4 – 3)v0 94.61 0.16 46.70 0.05 38.2 53.7
28SiO(4 – 3)v2 8.49 0.29 47.14 0.15 46.2 48.0
29SiO(4 – 3)v0 5.51 1.71 47.95 20.50 46.9 48.9 Smoothed to 2.0 km s−1.
341 R Aql 28SiO(4 – 3)v0 87.77 0.17 47.31 0.05 39.2 54.4
28SiO(4 – 3)v2 3.87 0.38 47.41 0.20 46.9 48.0
29SiO(4 – 3)v0 7.47 0.81 47.55 0.59 45.9 48.9 Smoothed to 1.0 km s−1.
343 χ Cyg 28SiO(1 – 0)v0 12.37 0.20 7.71 0.40 2.1 14.8
28SiO(1 – 0)v1 26.59 0.28 8.33 0.57 5.8 12.1
28SiO(1 – 0)v2 14.70 0.63 8.48 1.28 7.7 8.9
29SiO(1 – 0)v0 8.81 0.63 8.27 1.28 7.9 9.2
344 χ Cyg 28SiO(1 – 0)v1 21.35 0.10 9.20 0.05 7.3 11.3
28SiO(1 – 0)v2 13.02 0.14 9.56 0.09 8.9 10.2
29SiO(1 – 0)v0 9.38 0.21 9.46 0.11 9.0 9.8
345 χ Cyg 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 95.13 0.06 10.40 0.12 0.2 20.5
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 1300.83 0.06 10.95 0.12 -2.1 20.3
28SiO(2 – 1)v2 175.49 0.06 11.30 0.12 -0.8 19.8
28SiO(2 – 1)v5 0.70 0.33 10.84 0.70 10.5 11.2
29SiO(2 – 1)v0 12.49 0.07 10.15 0.15 2.0 17.0
30SiO(2 – 1)v0 8.75 0.08 11.61 0.17 5.5 17.3
346 χ Cyg 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 99.25 0.06 10.28 0.13 0.2 19.1
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 1575.62 0.05 11.30 0.12 -2.1 21.0
28SiO(2 – 1)v2 188.66 0.07 11.07 0.15 4.7 19.8
29SiO(2 – 1)v0 13.59 0.07 11.07 0.15 4.0 17.7
30SiO(2 – 1)v0 7.36 0.08 11.48 0.18 6.2 16.6
347 χ Cyg 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 89.14 0.06 10.40 0.13 1.6 19.8
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 1116.46 0.05 11.22 0.12 -2.1 21.0
28SiO(2 – 1)v2 142.16 0.06 11.36 0.15 4.7 19.8
29SiO(2 – 1)v0 12.51 0.07 10.73 0.15 3.3 17.0
30SiO(2 – 1)v0 8.09 0.07 12.43 0.17 6.9 18.0
348 χ Cyg 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 96.03 0.05 10.39 0.13 0.9 20.5
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 1588.02 0.05 11.03 0.12 -2.1 20.3
28SiO(2 – 1)v2 204.52 0.06 11.16 0.15 4.7 19.8
28SiO(2 – 1)v6 0.78 0.15 3.01 0.70 2.7 3.4 Tentative.
29SiO(2 – 1)v0 11.51 0.06 11.68 0.15 4.7 18.3
30SiO(2 – 1)v0 7.82 0.07 11.34 0.17 5.5 17.3
349 χ Cyg 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 94.22 0.03 10.29 0.12 -0.4 21.1
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 1270.74 0.03 10.88 0.12 -2.1 21.0
28SiO(2 – 1)v2 177.23 0.04 11.38 0.14 3.3 20.4
29SiO(2 – 1)v0 12.95 0.04 10.75 0.15 2.6 17.7
30SiO(2 – 1)v0 9.79 0.04 10.78 0.15 2.8 17.3
350 χ Cyg 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 97.89 0.03 10.26 0.12 -1.1 20.5
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 1486.64 0.03 11.20 0.12 -2.1 20.3
28SiO(2 – 1)v2 186.77 0.04 11.12 0.14 4.0 19.8
29SiO(2 – 1)v0 14.42 0.04 10.67 0.13 0.6 19.0
30SiO(2 – 1)v0 8.32 0.04 11.14 0.15 3.5 18.0
351 χ Cyg 28SiO(3 – 2)v0 177.12 0.04 10.30 0.07 -0.1 20.6
28SiO(3 – 2)v1 304.18 0.04 9.40 0.07 -2.7 19.1
28SiO(3 – 2)v2 95.21 0.07 10.03 0.11 7.6 15.8
29SiO(3 – 2)v0 44.36 0.05 10.05 0.07 0.9 18.6
30SiO(3 – 2)v0 27.15 0.05 10.36 0.08 3.2 17.4
352 χ Cyg 28SiO(3 – 2)v0 170.77 0.04 10.18 0.06 -1.9 20.1
28SiO(3 – 2)v1 353.73 0.04 9.40 0.06 -2.7 19.5
28SiO(3 – 2)v2 199.75 0.06 9.95 0.11 8.1 16.3
29SiO(3 – 2)v0 43.33 0.05 10.08 0.08 2.2 17.7
30SiO(3 – 2)v0 26.76 0.05 10.76 0.08 3.6 18.4
353 χ Cyg 28SiO(4 – 3)v0 199.15 0.19 10.75 0.05 3.3 18.5
28SiO(4 – 3)v1 94.88 0.23 10.05 0.06 5.1 15.9
28SiO(4 – 3)v2 52.68 0.28 11.98 0.07 9.1 16.3
29SiO(4 – 3)v0 10.71 0.53 9.81 0.14 8.8 10.9
29SiO(4 – 3)v1 14.30 0.75 9.80 0.20 9.3 10.4
354 χ Cyg 28SiO(4 – 3)v0 183.92 0.16 10.74 0.05 3.3 18.5
28SiO(4 – 3)v1 97.54 0.17 9.38 0.05 1.7 15.9
28SiO(4 – 3)v2 57.43 0.24 11.80 0.07 9.1 16.3
29SiO(4 – 3)v0 42.80 0.21 10.73 0.07 6.4 15.3
29SiO(4 – 3)v1 16.94 0.55 9.76 0.17 9.0 10.4
355 χ Cyg 30SiO(4 – 3)v0 46.00 0.83 9.40 0.30 3.1 15.5 Smoothed to 1.0 km s−1.
356 χ Cyg 30SiO(4 – 3)v0 30.85 0.87 9.97 0.35 5.1 14.5 Smoothed to 1.0 km s−1.
357 χ Cyg 28SiO(5 – 4)v0 401.56 0.05 10.42 0.03 0.2 21.0
28SiO(5 – 4)v1 15.54 0.07 13.14 0.04 8.8 19.1
28SiO(5 – 4)v2 68.28 0.05 11.28 0.03 -2.1 18.4
28SiO(5 – 4)v3 8.22 0.09 13.29 0.06 9.8 16.7 Close to an instrumental artifact.
29SiO(5 – 4)v0 100.52 0.06 10.55 0.04 3.3 17.8
30SiO(5 – 4)v0 82.57 0.06 10.51 0.04 1.8 17.5
30SiO(5 – 4)v1 94.41 0.09 10.27 0.06 8.5 15.2
358 χ Cyg 28SiO(5 – 4)v0 415.53 0.05 10.47 0.03 1.0 21.0
28SiO(5 – 4)v1 19.43 0.07 12.38 0.04 7.4 18.9
28SiO(5 – 4)v2 55.06 0.05 10.93 0.03 -2.1 17.9
28SiO(5 – 4)v3 7.28 0.17 12.80 0.16 9.8 16.4 Close to an instrumental artifact.
29SiO(5 – 4)v0 101.04 0.06 10.43 0.04 3.0 17.5
30SiO(5 – 4)v0 95.92 0.06 10.94 0.04 3.2 20.3
30SiO(5 – 4)v1 99.85 0.05 10.87 0.03 9.1 31.6
361 RR Aql 28SiO(1 – 0)v0 1.58 0.20 28.04 0.73 26.1 29.9
28SiO(1 – 0)v1 97.58 0.11 30.85 0.38 22.1 36.1
28SiO(1 – 0)v2 63.11 0.13 30.10 0.45 26.5 36.8
362 RR Aql 28SiO(1 – 0)v1 81.46 0.03 31.77 0.03 23.4 36.5
28SiO(1 – 0)v2 58.30 0.03 31.25 0.03 28.0 37.2
363 RR Aql 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 15.40 0.07 28.20 0.17 22.9 33.0
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 324.59 0.06 31.60 0.14 21.3 37.6
29SiO(2 – 1)v0 3.41 0.16 30.06 0.52 25.3 34.9 Smoothed to 1.4 km s−1.
30SiO(2 – 1)v0 1.44 0.28 30.11 0.98 28.9 31.7 Smoothed to 1.4 km s−1.
364 RR Aql 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 16.60 0.07 28.42 0.17 22.9 33.7
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 208.26 0.05 30.95 0.14 21.3 38.2
30SiO(2 – 1)v0 2.71 0.15 26.99 0.62 23.4 30.3 Smoothed to 1.4 km s−1.
365 RR Aql 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 14.61 0.09 28.42 0.18 23.6 33.0
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 245.72 0.07 31.18 0.14 21.3 37.6
366 RR Aql 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 15.98 0.09 28.25 0.17 22.9 33.0
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 252.23 0.07 31.47 0.14 21.3 37.6
29SiO(2 – 1)v0 1.25 0.49 31.59 1.37 30.8 32.2 Smoothed to 1.4 km s−1.
367 RR Aql 28SiO(3 – 2)v0 24.42 0.06 28.83 0.09 23.0 34.3
28SiO(3 – 2)v1 69.04 0.06 27.66 0.09 22.8 33.2
28SiO(3 – 2)v2 26.81 0.09 34.68 0.14 32.6 37.2
29SiO(3 – 2)v0 5.03 0.13 28.82 0.30 24.9 33.1 Smoothed to 0.9 km s−1.
30SiO(3 – 2)v0 4.39 0.08 28.13 0.13 25.4 30.9
368 RR Aql 28SiO(3 – 2)v0 23.20 0.05 28.87 0.08 22.1 34.7
28SiO(3 – 2)v1 75.87 0.05 27.95 0.10 22.8 32.7
28SiO(3 – 2)v2 24.02 0.09 34.80 0.16 33.1 36.7
29SiO(3 – 2)v0 3.17 0.16 30.50 0.46 28.6 32.2 Smoothed to 0.9 km s−1.
30SiO(3 – 2)v0 2.45 0.12 28.43 0.21 27.2 29.5
369 RR Aql 28SiO(4 – 3)v0 32.19 1.55 29.05 0.60 26.0 32.7 Smoothed to 1.4 km s−1.
28SiO(4 – 3)v1 14.12 0.68 28.57 0.17 27.8 29.1
28SiO(4 – 3)v2 56.77 0.31 34.04 0.08 29.4 36.3
29SiO(4 – 3)v1 2.69 0.89 33.91 0.34 33.8 34.1
370 RR Aql 28SiO(4 – 3)v0 4.79 2.01 27.02 0.67 26.7 27.3 Smoothed to 0.7 km s−1.
28SiO(4 – 3)v1 13.21 0.70 28.88 0.20 28.4 29.5
28SiO(4 – 3)v2 58.82 0.27 33.94 0.07 29.1 36.3
28SiO(4 – 3)v3 3.35 1.37 29.40 1.38 28.7 30.0 Smoothed to 1.4 km s−1.
371 IRC-10529 28SiO(1 – 0)v0 2.53 0.25 -19.08 0.73 -21.3 -17.5
28SiO(1 – 0)v1 172.69 0.18 -18.60 0.52 -21.4 -13.8
28SiO(1 – 0)v2 225.40 0.18 -17.99 0.52 -20.9 -13.2
28SiO(1 – 0)v3 12.84 0.20 -17.55 0.58 -20.9 -14.4
29SiO(1 – 0)v0 7.08 0.25 -18.63 0.74 -20.6 -16.8
372 IRC-10529 28SiO(1 – 0)v1 164.82 0.05 -17.65 0.04 -20.8 -13.2
28SiO(1 – 0)v2 194.05 0.04 -17.11 0.03 -20.4 -12.3
29SiO(1 – 0)v0 6.99 0.08 -17.63 0.06 -19.1 -15.9
373 IRC-10529 28SiO(1 – 0)v0 3.74 0.17 -20.12 0.52 -23.8 -16.2
28SiO(1 – 0)v1 137.20 0.17 -18.24 0.52 -21.4 -13.8
28SiO(1 – 0)v2 155.59 0.16 -17.74 0.48 -20.9 -11.9
28SiO(1 – 0)v3 9.62 0.22 -17.46 0.65 -19.6 -14.4
29SiO(1 – 0)v0 5.35 0.25 -18.77 0.74 -20.6 -16.8
30SiO(1 – 0)v0 1.18 0.44 -19.04 1.30 -19.8 -18.5
374 IRC-10529 28SiO(1 – 0)v1 155.35 0.03 -17.10 0.04 -20.2 -12.7
28SiO(1 – 0)v2 164.09 0.03 -16.72 0.04 -20.0 -12.1
29SiO(1 – 0)v0 4.46 0.08 -17.50 0.07 -18.5 -16.4
375 NML Cyg 28SiO(1 – 0)v0 24.53 0.05 -7.34 0.23 -28.8 9.1
28SiO(1 – 0)v1 22.10 0.05 -8.11 0.28 -20.3 6.5
28SiO(1 – 0)v2 2.41 0.11 -8.03 0.57 -10.8 -4.4
29SiO(1 – 0)v0 1.98 0.11 0.16 0.57 -2.9 3.5
29SiO(1 – 0)v1 0.55 0.10 -3.39 0.91 -4.4 -1.9
30SiO(1 – 0)v0 0.68 0.20 -0.14 1.30 -0.7 0.6
376 NML Cyg 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 143.22 0.03 1.34 0.07 -26.8 33.2
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 382.84 0.04 -2.24 0.09 -20.4 21.0
29SiO(2 – 1)v0 9.91 0.20 1.41 0.86 -11.0 16.3 Wider velocity range in average 376 – 381.
30SiO(2 – 1)v0 9.80 0.17 3.17 0.77 -15.7 20.2 Wider velocity range in average 376 – 381.
377 NML Cyg 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 147.31 0.03 0.63 0.07 -30.8 30.5
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 366.86 0.04 -2.34 0.09 -21.1 21.0
29SiO(2 – 1)v0 18.12 0.11 -0.79 0.63 -27.3 24.5 Smoothed to 2.8 km s−1.
30SiO(2 – 1)v0 13.33 0.13 -6.49 0.69 -26.8 17.5 Smoothed to 2.8 km s−1.
378 NML Cyg 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 143.50 0.03 1.10 0.07 -28.1 31.2
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 382.49 0.03 -2.38 0.09 -21.1 21.0
29SiO(2 – 1)v0 10.22 0.14 6.21 0.79 -8.2 24.5 Smoothed to 2.7 km s−1.
30SiO(2 – 1)v0 7.38 0.16 8.94 0.80 -7.4 25.7 Smoothed to 2.8 km s−1.
379 NML Cyg 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 145.54 0.03 0.87 0.07 -28.8 31.2
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 362.16 0.03 -2.56 0.08 -27.2 22.3
29SiO(2 – 1)v0 14.30 0.12 0.47 0.68 -19.2 24.5 Smoothed to 2.7 km s−1.
30SiO(2 – 1)v0 11.47 0.12 0.80 0.65 -24.0 25.7 Smoothed to 2.8 km s−1.
380 NML Cyg 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 136.19 0.02 0.92 0.07 -30.2 31.9
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 372.26 0.02 -2.47 0.08 -27.9 23.0
29SiO(2 – 1)v0 11.08 0.02 -1.94 0.09 -21.9 17.0
30SiO(2 – 1)v0 9.95 0.07 2.34 0.65 -24.0 25.7 Smoothed to 2.8 km s−1.
381 NML Cyg 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 139.68 0.02 0.99 0.07 -30.2 31.9
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 352.23 0.02 -2.56 0.08 -26.6 22.3
29SiO(2 – 1)v0 13.56 0.02 2.27 0.09 -19.8 23.9
30SiO(2 – 1)v0 10.36 0.04 1.52 0.23 -22.6 25.7 Smoothed to 2.8 km s−1.
30SiO(2 – 1)v2 0.51 0.18 -24.90 0.70 -25.3 -24.6
382 NML Cyg 28SiO(3 – 2)v0 305.13 0.02 0.79 0.04 -33.9 33.1
28SiO(3 – 2)v1 77.03 0.02 -4.53 0.04 -25.3 25.0
29SiO(3 – 2)v0 49.40 0.02 1.34 0.04 -25.0 27.3
30SiO(3 – 2)v0 32.67 0.02 -0.47 0.04 -26.6 25.0
383 NML Cyg 28SiO(3 – 2)v0 293.08 0.02 0.81 0.04 -33.0 33.1
28SiO(3 – 2)v1 69.53 0.02 -4.48 0.05 -22.6 21.3
29SiO(3 – 2)v0 46.73 0.02 1.72 0.04 -23.6 28.2
30SiO(3 – 2)v0 31.96 0.02 1.15 0.04 -22.9 26.4
384 NML Cyg 28SiO(4 – 3)v0 387.62 0.10 -0.14 0.03 -29.8 25.8
28SiO(4 – 3)v2 36.31 0.13 -7.22 0.05 -14.7 -1.1
29SiO(4 – 3)v0 80.43 0.08 -1.15 0.03 -19.4 18.4 Smoothed to 1.0 km s−1.
385 NML Cyg 28SiO(4 – 3)v0 329.47 0.09 2.64 0.03 -18.7 26.8
28SiO(4 – 3)v2 23.86 0.20 -6.01 0.06 -12.7 -1.7
29SiO(4 – 3)v0 71.78 0.41 -1.57 0.46 -23.2 17.8 Smoothed to 2.0 km s−1.
386 NML Cyg 30SiO(4 – 3)v0 57.96 0.10 -3.73 0.09 -29.6 16.0 Smoothed to 0.7 km s−1.
387 NML Cyg 30SiO(4 – 3)v0 51.54 0.07 -5.03 0.03 -24.1 12.2
388 NML Cyg 28SiO(5 – 4)v0 720.60 0.02 1.54 0.02 -33.5 34.4
28SiO(5 – 4)v1 6.00 0.63 32.87 0.94 30.3 35.2
28SiO(5 – 4)v3 4.95 1.80 7.28 3.31 5.3 8.6 Close to an instrumental artifact.
29SiO(5 – 4)v0 138.44 0.03 1.37 0.02 -22.3 26.0
30SiO(5 – 4)v0 97.64 0.04 -0.51 0.02 -19.9 18.8
389 NML Cyg 28SiO(5 – 4)v0 754.27 0.03 1.44 0.02 -31.9 32.3
28SiO(5 – 4)v1 5.96 0.31 32.71 0.49 29.7 35.2
28SiO(5 – 4)v3 4.49 0.92 8.61 1.17 6.9 10.2 Close to an instrumental artifact.
29SiO(5 – 4)v0 138.37 0.03 1.40 0.02 -22.3 26.0
30SiO(5 – 4)v0 118.68 0.04 1.54 0.02 -21.0 25.4
390 T Cep 28SiO(1 – 0)v1 136.92 0.10 -6.26 0.45 -12.7 -2.5
28SiO(1 – 0)v2 475.14 0.08 -6.28 0.36 -13.5 3.2
28SiO(1 – 0)v3 18.91 0.17 -3.78 0.75 -5.8 -1.9
391 T Cep 28SiO(1 – 0)v1 160.01 0.16 -6.05 0.45 -12.7 -2.5
28SiO(1 – 0)v2 461.45 0.16 -5.63 0.45 -12.2 -1.9
28SiO(1 – 0)v3 13.21 0.26 -5.51 0.75 -7.1 -3.2
392 T Cep 28SiO(1 – 0)v1 166.99 0.05 -4.96 0.03 -11.4 -1.5
28SiO(1 – 0)v2 476.60 0.04 -4.48 0.03 -10.9 0.4
393 T Cep 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 10.32 0.12 -2.68 0.21 -6.0 0.7
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 167.64 0.08 -4.70 0.14 -10.4 4.5
394 T Cep 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 10.97 0.12 -2.71 0.21 -6.0 0.7
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 142.03 0.08 -4.39 0.14 -10.4 5.2
395 T Cep 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 10.49 0.08 -2.53 0.20 -6.0 1.4
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 162.07 0.06 -4.52 0.14 -10.4 5.2
396 T Cep 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 11.30 0.07 -2.55 0.19 -6.7 1.4
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 142.44 0.05 -4.61 0.14 -10.4 4.5
397 T Cep 28SiO(3 – 2)v0 18.68 0.04 -3.45 0.10 -8.4 0.6
28SiO(3 – 2)vl 6.47 0.05 -6.82 0.11 -10.1 -2.8
28SiO(3 – 2)v3 0.83 0.15 -9.17 0.32 -9.6 -8.7
29SiO(3 – 2)v0 2.50 0.06 -2.36 0.14 -4.7 0.3
30SiO(3 – 2)v0 2.29 0.08 -2.40 0.19 -3.8 -1.0
398 T Cep 28SiO(3 – 2)v0 17.89 0.04 -3.23 0.10 -8.0 1.5
28SiO(3 – 2)v1 7.30 0.04 -5.31 0.10 -9.6 0.4
29SiO(3 – 2)v0 2.54 0.12 -3.37 0.37 -6.1 -0.6 Smoothed to 0.9 km s−1.
30SiO(3 – 2)v0 2.44 0.06 -2.86 0.15 -4.7 -0.5
399 T Cep 28SiO(4 – 3)v2 7.28 1.12 0.50 0.24 0.1 0.8
29SiO(4 – 3)v0 11.87 1.17 -2.63 1.18 -5.6 0.5 Smoothed to 2.0 km s−1.
400 T Cep 28SiO(4 – 3)v0 36.39 0.51 -11.04 0.25 -38.7 0.4 Smoothed to 1.4 km s−1.
28SiO(4 – 3)v2 8.92 0.68 0.52 0.17 -0.2 1.2
401 μ Cep 28SiO(1 – 0)v1 64.83 0.06 26.51 0.35 20.2 36.7
28SiO(1 – 0)v2 31.85 0.05 29.14 0.30 19.5 42.6
402 μ Cep 28SiO(1 – 0)v1 51.40 0.18 26.24 0.42 22.7 34.2
28SiO(1 – 0)v2 22.39 0.15 29.85 0.36 22.1 38.7
403 μ Cep 28SiO(1 – 0)v1 48.40 0.05 27.55 0.03 24.2 34.6
28SiO(1 – 0)v2 21.08 0.04 30.63 0.03 23.8 39.0
404 μ Cep 28SiO(1 – 0)v1 70.50 0.02 28.01 0.02 23.2 39.3
28SiO(1 – 0)v2 48.64 0.02 34.20 0.02 23.6 40.5
405 μ Cep 28SiO(2 – 1)v1 206.14 0.06 27.87 0.12 21.7 42.1
406 μ Cep 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 0.83 0.31 22.37 0.67 22.0 22.7 Wider emission in average 405 – 410.
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 199.22 0.06 27.95 0.12 22.4 44.1 Wider emission in average 405 – 410.
407 μ Cep 28SiO(2 – 1)v1 209.60 0.05 27.83 0.13 21.7 41.4
29SiO(2 – 1)v0 0.68 0.27 26.25 0.68 25.8 26.5
408 μ Cep 28SiO(2 – 1)v1 203.94 0.04 27.95 0.12 21.7 44.1
29SiO(2 – 1)v0 0.63 0.25 26.23 0.68 25.8 26.5
409 μ Cep 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 0.46 0.19 22.37 0.67 22.0 22.7 Wider emission in average 405 – 410.
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 197.80 0.04 27.82 0.13 21.7 41.4 Wider emission in average 405 – 410.
410 μ Cep 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 3.96 0.03 36.46 0.11 22.0 49.6
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 194.02 0.03 27.92 0.12 21.7 44.8
411 μ Cep 28SiO(3 – 2)v1 36.55 0.06 27.53 0.09 23.9 34.3
412 μ Cep 28SiO(3 – 2)v1 32.72 0.04 27.45 0.09 23.9 34.3
413 μ Cep 28SiO(4 – 3)v1 44.77 0.41 26.57 0.10 24.5 28.2
28SiO(4 – 3)v2 29.68 0.21 32.07 0.05 26.2 39.9
414 μ Cep 28SiO(4 – 3)v1 44.73 0.33 26.52 0.10 24.5 28.6
28SiO(4 – 3)v2 38.68 0.20 29.69 0.13 22.1 40.6 Smoothed to 0.7 km s−1.
417 μ Cep 28SiO(5 – 4)v0 13.25 0.39 46.34 1.14 31.8 57.7 Smoothed to 3.2 km s−1.
28SiO(5 – 4)v1 3.80 0.20 24.23 0.11 23.4 25.0
28SiO(5 – 4)v2 2.73 0.29 23.83 0.16 23.4 24.3
30SiO(5 – 4)v1 1.22 0.51 -17.93 0.28 -18.1 -17.8
418 μ Cep 28SiO(5 – 4)v0 17.89 0.25 44.70 0.45 33.5 54.5 Smoothed to 1.6 km s−1.
28SiO(5 – 4)v1 1.04 0.48 23.55 0.27 23.4 23.7
28SiO(5 – 4)v2 2.94 0.22 24.37 0.12 23.7 25.1
419 AFGL 2999 28SiO(1 – 0)v1 52.11 0.06 -54.41 0.32 -60.5 -40.2
28SiO(1 – 0)v2 27.18 0.08 -55.33 0.41 -59.9 -47.1
420 AFGL 2999 28SiO(2 – 1)v1 199.85 0.05 -50.73 0.12 -59.6 -37.9
29SiO(2 – 1)v0 7.89 0.10 -51.40 0.23 -54.8 -48.6
421 AFGL 2999 28SiO(2 – 1)v1 190.84 0.08 -50.94 0.13 -60.3 -40.6
29SiO(2 – 1)v0 6.53 0.17 -51.21 0.28 -53.4 -49.3
422 AFGL 2999 28SiO(2 – 1)v1 202.73 0.04 -50.77 0.12 -60.3 -38.5
29SiO(2 – 1)v0 8.94 0.07 -51.38 0.20 -55.5 -47.3
423 AFGL 2999 28SiO(2 – 1)v1 194.30 0.04 -50.84 0.12 -60.3 -38.5
29SiO(2 – 1)v0 9.85 0.07 -50.66 0.19 -54.8 -45.9
29SiO(2 – 1)v2 0.71 0.33 -48.92 1.38 -49.6 -48.2 Smoothed to 1.4 km s−1.
424 AFGL 2999 28SiO(2 – 1)v1 192.52 0.05 -50.83 0.12 -60.9 -39.2
29SiO(2 – 1)v0 8.60 0.09 -51.02 0.20 -54.8 -46.6
425 AFGL 2999 28SiO(2 – 1)v1 180.98 0.05 -50.91 0.12 -60.9 -40.6
29SiO(2 – 1)v0 8.21 0.09 -51.83 0.21 -56.2 -48.6
426 AFGL 2999 28SiO(3 – 2)v1 43.21 0.03 -51.55 0.08 -59.9 -44.1
28SiO(3 – 2)v2 0.86 0.38 -52.34 1.82 -53.2 -51.4 Smoothed to 1.8 km s−1.
28SiO(3 – 2)v3 1.63 0.11 -53.14 0.27 -53.9 -52.5
30SiO(3 – 2)v0 0.38 0.18 -46.32 0.46 -46.6 -46.1
427 AFGL 2999 28SiO(3 – 2)v1 39.39 0.03 -51.63 0.09 -56.7 -44.1
28SiO(3 – 2)v2 0.38 0.16 -52.05 0.46 -52.3 -51.8
28SiO(3 – 2)v3 2.15 0.10 -53.21 0.27 -53.9 -52.5
428 AFGL 2999 28SiO(4 – 3)v1 11.34 0.59 -48.75 0.30 -50.4 -47.0 Smoothed to 0.7 km s−1.
28SiO(4 – 3)v2 26.97 0.33 -53.32 0.21 -57.2 -49.6 Smoothed to 0.7 km s−1.
28SiO(4 – 3)v3 1.55 0.74 -52.26 0.34 -52.4 -52.1
29SiO(4 – 3)v1 4.07 0.54 -51.44 0.40 -52.5 -50.4 Smoothed to 0.7 km s−1.
429 AFGL 2999 28SiO(4 – 3)v1 3.87 1.33 -49.40 0.68 -49.7 -49.0 Smoothed to 0.7 km s−1.
28SiO(4 – 3)v2 13.76 0.56 -53.33 0.13 -54.4 -52.0
28SiO(4 – 3)v3 4.07 0.32 -53.13 0.17 -53.8 -52.4
29SiO(4 – 3)v1 1.71 0.68 -53.03 0.34 -53.2 -52.8
430 AFGL 2999 30SiO(4 – 3)v0 6.02 1.20 -48.53 1.47 -50.8 -46.7 Smoothed to 2.1 km s−1. Polarized.
30SiO(4 – 3)v1 10.46 0.21 -53.67 0.12 -55.0 -52.2
431 AFGL 2999 30SiO(4 – 3)v1 15.49 0.18 -53.96 0.12 -55.4 -52.2
432 R Aqr 28SiO(1 – 0)v1 110.59 0.25 -23.36 0.48 -26.7 -17.8
28SiO(1 – 0)v2 137.23 0.25 -22.32 0.48 -26.1 -17.1
433 R Aqr 28SiO(1 – 0)v1 105.50 0.07 -22.27 0.03 -25.2 -16.5
28SiO(1 – 0)v2 122.60 0.06 -21.34 0.04 -24.6 -17.1
434 R Aqr 28SiO(2 – 1)v1 168.17 0.31 -20.98 0.20 -24.2 -16.7
435 R Aqr 28SiO(2 – 1)v1 151.09 0.09 -20.77 0.16 -26.9 -15.3
436 R Aqr 28SiO(2 – 1)v1 186.31 0.09 -21.12 0.17 -26.9 -16.0
437 R Aqr 28SiO(2 – 1)v1 137.63 0.09 -20.66 0.19 -24.2 -15.3
438 R Aqr 28SiO(3 – 2)v1 24.85 0.07 -22.11 0.10 -28.1 -19.0
28SiO(3 – 2)v2 1.54 0.32 -15.67 0.46 -15.9 -15.5
28SiO(3 – 2)v3 6.12 0.19 -20.51 0.27 -21.1 -19.7
439 R Aqr 28SiO(3 – 2)v1 14.94 0.09 -21.45 0.14 -24.0 -19.0
28SiO(3 – 2)v2 6.18 0.29 -15.68 0.46 -15.9 -15.5
28SiO(3 – 2)v3 5.35 0.15 -20.55 0.23 -21.6 -19.7
440 R Aqr 28SiO(4 – 3)v1 5.67 2.18 -19.20 0.34 -19.3 -19.0 Some emission at lower velocities.
28SiO(4 – 3)v3 7.86 1.05 -20.36 0.24 -20.7 -20.0
29SiO(4 – 3)v0 3.90 1.72 -24.78 0.68 -25.1 -24.4 Smoothed to 0.7 km s−1.
441 R Aqr 28SiO(4 – 3)v1 4.83 1.96 -19.20 0.34 -19.3 -19.0
28SiO(4 – 3)v2 6.50 2.36 -15.05 0.34 -15.2 -14.9 Highly polarized.
28SiO(4 – 3)v3 13.41 0.55 -20.46 0.15 -21.4 -19.7
442 R Cas 28SiO(1 – 0)v0 17.63 0.11 23.72 0.38 17.8 31.7
28SiO(1 – 0)v1 810.02 0.09 25.54 0.33 16.4 35.5
28SiO(1 – 0)v2 1312.74 0.11 25.52 0.39 19.5 33.6
28SiO(1 – 0)v3 36.98 0.17 27.37 0.58 23.4 29.8
29SiO(l – 0)v0 4.76 0.26 24.48 0.91 23.6 26.2 Wider velocity component not included.
443 R Cas 28SiO(1 – 0)v0 19.97 0.12 23.42 0.36 16.6 31.7
28SiO(1 – 0)v1 955.52 0.11 25.48 0.33 16.4 35.5
28SiO(1 – 0)v2 1557.24 0.12 25.50 0.39 19.5 33.6
28SiO(1 – 0)v3 42.73 0.18 27.28 0.58 23.4 29.8
29SiO(1 – 0)v0 5.61 0.41 24.21 1.28 23.6 24.9
444 R Cas 28SiO(1 – 0)v1 968.97 0.03 26.76 0.02 17.7 34.6
28SiO(1 – 0)v2 1564.30 0.03 26.87 0.03 19.9 34.7
29SiO(1 – 0)v0 5.55 0.10 25.53 0.08 24.7 26.4
445 R Cas 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 115.61 0.06 26.00 0.12 13.2 35.5
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 2321.98 0.06 25.72 0.13 17.0 35.3
29SiO(2 – 1)v0 14.30 0.07 26.84 0.15 19.0 34.0 Wider emission in average 445 – 450.
30SiO(2 – 1)v0 8.49 0.09 27.03 0.18 21.9 32.3 Wider emission in average 445 – 450.
30SiO(2 – 1)v1 0.77 0.32 25.26 0.70 25.0 25.7
446 R Cas 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 119.73 0.05 25.90 0.12 12.6 35.5
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 2290.01 0.06 25.71 0.13 17.7 36.7
29SiO(2 – 1)v0 14.96 0.06 26.60 0.15 18.3 33.4
30SiO(2 – 1)v0 7.92 0.07 26.32 0.17 20.5 31.6
447 R Cas 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 117.58 0.03 25.89 0.11 11.9 36.8
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 2437.28 0.04 25.76 0.13 17.7 36.0
29SiO(2 – 1)v0 12.58 0.05 26.83 0.16 19.7 32.7
29SiO(2 – 1)v2 1.52 0.16 27.36 0.80 25.4 29.6 Smoothed to 1.4 km s−1.
30SiO(2 – 1)v0 9.25 0.05 26.66 0.16 20.5 33.7
448 R Cas 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 122.53 0.03 26.05 0.11 13.2 36.8
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 2225.89 0.04 25.66 0.13 17.0 36.7
29SiO(2 – 1)v0 15.10 0.04 26.70 0.14 17.7 34.0
30SiO(2 – 1)v0 8.00 0.04 25.63 0.15 17.1 32.3
449 R Cas 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 122.91 0.03 26.03 0.12 13.9 36.8
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 2536.56 0.03 25.69 0.13 17.0 36.7
29SiO(2 – 1)v0 16.71 0.03 26.30 0.13 15.6 34.7
30SiO(2 – 1)v0 9.14 0.04 26.52 0.16 20.5 33.0
450 R Cas 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 129.42 0.03 25.96 0.11 13.2 36.8
28SiO(2 – 1)v1 2560.04 0.03 25.73 0.13 17.0 36.7
29SiO(2 – 1)v0 16.20 0.04 26.87 0.14 17.7 34.0
29SiO(2 – 1)v2 0.51 0.18 25.77 0.69 25.4 26.1
30SiO(2 – 1)v0 9.79 0.04 26.70 0.15 19.8 34.4
451 R Cas 28SiO(3 – 2)v0 158.17 0.02 25.54 0.06 10.6 36.7
28SiO(3 – 2)v1 705.79 0.03 25.06 0.08 18.5 33.0
28SiO(3 – 2)v2 38.11 0.04 28.07 0.10 24.2 32.9
28SiO(3 – 2)v3 138.26 0.06 25.84 0.15 24.0 28.1
29SiO(3 – 2)v0 39.58 0.03 25.49 0.07 15.7 34.3
29SiO(3 – 2)v1 1.52 0.11 25.72 0.26 25.1 26.4
30SiO(3 – 2)v0 26.74 0.03 26.07 0.08 17.9 34.1
452 R Cas 28SiO(3 – 2)v0 153.83 0.02 25.67 0.06 12.4 37.6
28SiO(3 – 2)v1 803.18 0.03 25.00 0.08 18.0 32.5
28SiO(3 – 2)v2 15.66 0.04 28.39 0.11 24.7 32.4
28SiO(3 – 2)v3 101.36 0.06 25.83 0.17 24.5 27.7
29SiO(3 – 2)v0 37.95 0.02 26.07 0.07 17.0 36.2
29SiO(3 – 2)v1 0.82 0.09 25.68 0.26 25.1 26.4
30SiO(3 – 2)v0 24.56 0.03 26.19 0.08 18.9 33.1
453 R Cas 28SiO(4 – 3)v0 110.14 0.23 26.52 0.06 21.0 32.1
28SiO(4 – 3)v1 336.20 0.24 25.35 0.06 19.4 29.6
28SiO(4 – 3)v2 787.37 0.22 28.23 0.06 23.1 35.4
28SiO(4 – 3)v3 289.41 0.25 28.20 0.06 24.4 34.4
29SiO(4 – 3)v0 13.05 0.50 25.45 0.13 24.2 26.6
29SiO(4 – 3)v1 87.69 0.33 26.83 0.09 24.7 30.2
454 R Cas 28SiO(4 – 3)v0 109.75 0.20 26.72 0.06 20.7 33.2
28SiO(4 – 3)v1 247.97 0.23 24.89 0.06 19.4 29.3
28SiO(4 – 3)v2 578.08 0.21 28.07 0.06 23.5 35.4
28SiO(4 – 3)v3 214.64 0.24 28.22 0.07 24.8 34.4
29SiO(4 – 3)v0 16.70 0.36 26.72 0.10 24.9 29.0
29SiO(4 – 3)v1 67.24 0.30 26.75 0.08 24.3 30.2
455 R Cas 30SiO(4 – 3)v0 35.33 0.09 25.91 0.06 19.4 32.2
30SiO(4 – 3)v1 142.59 0.17 25.81 0.11 24.2 27.7
456 R Cas 30SiO(4 – 3)v0 36.94 0.08 26.55 0.06 20.1 32.6
30SiO(4 – 3)v1 128.04 0.15 25.82 0.10 24.2 28.0
30SiO(4 – 3)v2 1.59 0.56 26.06 0.70 25.8 26.5 Smoothed to 0.7 km s−1.
457 R Cas 28SiO(5 – 4)v0 409.62 0.05 26.44 0.03 13.8 37.0
28SiO(5 – 4)v1 158.42 0.06 24.05 0.03 18.3 35.1
28SiO(5 – 4)v2 1.33 0.49 21.11 0.27 21.0 21.2 Polarized?
29SiO(5 – 4)v0 72.70 0.07 26.33 0.04 19.8 32.7
30SiO(5 – 4)v0 62.77 0.07 26.08 0.04 19.1 32.7
458 R Cas 28SiO(5 – 4)v0 422.30 0.05 26.36 0.03 13.0 37.0
28SiO(5 – 4)v1 105.29 0.06 25.24 0.03 18.0 35.4
28SiO(5 – 4)v2 1.86 0.17 29.33 0.12 28.6 30.0 Polarized?
28SiO(5 – 4)v3 2.24 0.42 25.54 0.39 25.0 26.1 Smoothed to 0.6 km s−1.
29SiO(5 – 4)v0 79.51 0.07 26.13 0.04 18.2 33.2
30SiO(5 – 4)v0 72.02 0.07 26.44 0.04 19.1 34.3
30SiO(5 – 4)v1 3.41 1.46 25.38 2.23 24.2 26.4 Polarized? Smoothed to 2.2 km s−1.
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Note—Table 4 is entirely published in the electronic edition of the Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. A portion is shown here for guidance regarding its form and content.

a

Transition name includes the isotopomer, the rotational transition and the vibrational state. As an example, the transition 28SiO(4 – 3)v2 should be interpreted as the J = 4 → 3 line of the 28SiO species, at the vibrational state v = 2.

For some cases, improvement of the signal-to-noise ratio was necessary to achieve clear detections; this was done by the average of data gathered during different days and/or from different polarizations. These cases are shown in Table 5, in the same format as Table 4. These averaged spectra not only allowed the detection of lines, but also permitted us to identify wide components in at lest two cases: the J = 2 → 1 v = 0 line of 29SiO in S Per and in the J = 2 → 1 v = 0 line of 28SiO in IRC+60154 (see comments in Table 5).

Table 5. Detections after averages.

Averaged IDs Source Transition a Flux Error V LSR Error V min V max Individual comments
Jy km s−1 km s−1 km s−1
4 – 7 T Cas 29SiO(2 – 1)v0 0.35 0.14 -4.97 0.68 -5.3 -4.7
24 – 25 IRC+10011 29SiO(4 – 3)v0 2.55 0.53 9.86 0.24 9.5 10.2
38 – 41 S Cas 29SiO(2 – 1)v0 4.51 0.11 -30.98 0.77 -35.0 -20.6 Smoothed to 2.0 km s−1.
38 – 41 S Cas 30SiO(2 – 1)v0 0.74 0.31 -37.76 2.76 -39.0 -36.2 Smoothed to 2.8 km s−1.
44 – 45 S Cas 28SiO(4 – 3)v0 38.19 0.07 -20.06 0.03 -31.6 9.5
44 – 45 S Cas 29SiO(4 – 3)v0 34.28 0.38 -28.17 0.59 -43.5 -18.9 Smoothed to 2.0 km s−1.
52 – 57 O Cet 29SiO(2 – 1)v0 0.38 0.13 46.86 1.37 46.2 47.5 Very narrow line.
52 – 57 O Cet 30SiO(2 – 1)v0 0.76 0.11 45.64 0.98 44.3 47.1 Very narrow line.
62 – 63 O Cet 30SiO(4 – 3)v0 3.03 0.27 47.79 0.17 47.0 48.4
66; 68 S Per 28SiO(1 – 0)v0 2.50 0.09 -35.78 0.40 -41.6 -29.0
67; 69 S Per 29SiO(1 – 0)v0 0.54 0.20 -40.93 0.43 -41.2 -40.7 Smoothed to 0.4 km s−1.
70 – 75 S Per 29SiO(2 – 1)v0 13.96 0.02 -38.39 0.12 -49.1 -25.9 Wings discovered only after average.
70 – 75 S Per 30SiO(2 – 1)v0 2.81 0.10 -32.58 1.69 -44.9 -20.0 Smoothed to 4.1 km s−1.
76 – 77 S Per 28SiO(3 – 2)v2 0.93 0.27 -40.32 2.73 -41.9 -39.1 Smoothed to 2.7 km s−1.
76 – 77 S Per 28SiO(3 – 2)v4 1.81 0.36 -37.84 1.96 -40.4 -34.9 Smoothed to 2.8 km s−1.
98 – 99 T Ari 28SiO(4 – 3)v2 14.55 2.61 0.09 2.05 -1.4 0.6 Smoothed to 2.1 km s−1.
108 – 113 NML Tau 29SiO(2 – 1)v1 1.45 0.04 36.16 0.46 29.9 42.2
118 – 119 NML Tau 30SiO(4 – 3)v2 0.90 0.38 32.35 0.70 32.0 32.7 Smoothed to 0.7 km s−1.
154 – 155 TX Cam 29SiO(4 – 3)v0 36.39 0.32 10.80 0.53 -4.1 26.6 Smoothed to 2.0 km s−1.
158 – 159 TX Cam 30SiO(5 – 4)v1 7.69 0.35 9.33 0.37 5.1 15.1 Smoothed to 1.1 km s−1.
160 – 163 IRC+60154 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 17.91 0.01 48.87 0.09 23.9 64.3 Wings discovered only after average.
160 – 163 IRC+60154 29SiO(2 – 1)v0 3.08 0.04 51.40 0.17 46.0 56.9 Two peaks.
166 – 167 IRC+60154 28SiO(4 – 3)v0 18.47 1.15 51.94 1.35 45.6 56.4 Smoothed to 2.8 km s−1.
235 – 236 T Com 28SiO(3 – 2)v1 2.17 0.86 32.67 2.72 31.5 34.2 Very narrow line.
259 – 262 S Crb 29SiO(2 – 1)v0 0.41 0.16 1.85 0.68 1.5 2.2
259 – 262 S Crb 30SiO(2 – 1)v0 1.30 0.10 0.31 0.69 -2.5 3.1 Very narrow line.
265 – 266 S Crb 28SiO(4 – 3)v0 12.75 0.14 3.99 0.04 1.4 21.6
265 – 266 S Crb 28SiO(4 – 3)v3 2.19 0.76 0.32 0.69 0.0 0.7 Smoothed to 0.7 km s−1.
265 – 266 S Crb 29SiO(4 – 3)v0 3.16 1.01 0.77 1.37 0.2 1.5 Smoothed to 1.4 km s−1.
268 – 271 WX Ser 30SiO(2 – 1)v0 2.68 0.14 5.93 1.85 -4.1 16.7 Smoothed to 4.1 km s−1.
272 – 273 WX Ser 30SiO(3 – 2)v0 1.32 0.53 8.27 2.76 6.9 9.7 Smoothed to 2.8 km s−1.
274 – 275 WX Ser 28SiO(4 – 3)v3 3.50 0.61 8.16 0.49 7.4 8.8 Smoothed to 0.7 km s−1.
284 – 287 U Her 30SiO(2 – 1)v0 1.64 0.56 -13.02 4.15 -14.6 -10.5 Smoothed to 4.1 km s−1.
293 – 296 R UMi 30SiO(2 – 1)v0 1.12 0.22 -6.57 1.47 -8.6 -4.4 Smoothed to 2.0 km s−1.
299 – 300 R UMi 28SiO(4 – 3)v0 6.84 2.58 -7.67 2.02 -8.6 -6.6 Smoothed to 2.0 km s−1.
299 – 300 R UMi 28SiO(4 – 3)v3 1.98 0.97 -5.39 1.38 -6.1 -4.7 Smoothed to 1.4 km s−1.
307 – 312 VX Sgr 30SiO(2 – 1)v0 6.88 0.02 2.14 0.11 -11.9 16.5
329 – 330 V1111 Oph 29SiO(4 – 3)v1 6.64 0.59 -28.83 1.19 -32.1 -25.9 Smoothed to 2.0 km s−1.
361 – 362 RR Aql 29SiO(1 – 0)v0 0.59 0.24 27.28 1.28 26.8 28.0
369 – 370 RR Aql 28SiO(4 – 3)v3 2.87 0.49 29.30 0.49 28.7 30.0 Smoothed to 0.7 km s−1.
369 – 370 RR Aql 29SiO(4 – 3)v0 4.19 0.87 27.85 0.97 26.4 29.1 Very narrow line.
397 – 398 T Cep 28SiO(3 – 2)v2 0.48 0.17 -3.77 0.91 -4.3 -3.4 Narrow line.
405 – 410 μ Cep 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 2.89 0.02 33.06 0.11 22.0 46.9
405 – 410 μ Cep 29SiO(2 – 1)v0 0.66 0.07 26.48 0.48 25.8 27.2
411 – 412 μ Cep 28SiO(3 – 2)v0 3.76 0.13 42.81 1.10 34.5 50.6 Smoothed to 2.7 km s−1.
420 – 425 AFGL 2999 28SiO(2 – 1)v0 0.54 0.24 -52.04 4.05 -53.9 -49.9 Smoothed to 4.1 km s−1.
420 – 425 AFGL 2999 29SiO(2 – 1)v2 0.39 0.17 -50.24 1.38 -51.0 -49.6 Very narrow line.
434 – 437 R Aqr 28SiO(2 – 1)v2 0.81 0.17 -20.52 1.37 -21.3 -20.0 Very narrow line.
445 – 450 R Cas 29SiO(2 – 1)v2 0.50 0.09 25.86 0.69 25.4 26.1
455 – 456 R Cas 29SiO(4 – 3)v2 4.44 0.25 27.74 0.31 25.8 29.3 Smoothed to 0.7 km s−1.
455 – 456 R Cas 28SiO(4 – 3)v6 0.91 0.36 29.37 0.70 29.1 29.8 Very narrow line.
455 – 456 R Cas 30SiO(4 – 3)v2 1.44 0.18 25.93 0.20 25.4 26.5 Smoothed to 0.7 km s−1.
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Note—Table 5 is entirely published in the electronic edition of the Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. A portion is shown here for guidance regarding its form and content.

a

Transition name includes the isotopomer, the rotational transition and the vibrational state. As an example, the transition 28SiO(4 – 3)v2 should be interpreted as the J = 4 → 3 line of the 28SiO species, at the vibrational state v = 2.

As an example, the Fig. 1 depicts the full range spectrum of one of the sources (IRC+10011 = WX Psc) in the J = 1 → 0 transitions. In this case, six over a total of ten possible lines are detected.

Figure 1.

Figure 1

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A full range spectrum, aiming to show the complexity of lines. This example corresponds to the source IRC+10011, in the J = 1 → 0 lines. The upper panel shows the whole spectrum, while the lower, small panels display individual lines. Green, red and blue correspond to 28SiO, 29SiO, and 30SiO, respectively. For each isotopomer, vibrational number v increases from botton to top, starting at zero. In this example, six out of ten possible lines were detected.

3.2. Some examples of individual features

In the following, a series of figures illustrates some of the properties found in the sample, particularly with respect to line shapes, variability and polarization.

Line profiles

The physical conditions to pump masers are so restrictive that the emitting volumes are relatively small; therefore, one of the fingerprints of the maser emission is that the velocity components are narrow, typically 1 km s−1 or even less.

Depending on the pumping mechanisms and the physical conditions, the maser emitting regions dramatically change from one source to another, and also from one line to another (Gray et al. 2009). This trend is confirmed by high angular resolution observations (see, for example, Soria-Ruiz et al. 2007; Wittkowski et al. 2007). When these kind of sources are observed by single dishes, though, the different emitting regions and physical conditions are reflected in a variety of line profiles.

Figure 2 shows six representative examples of the line shapes present in the catalog. For each panel, source name is indicated on the upper left and the transition (in abridged format) in the upper right corner. In the case of S Per the spectrum is dominated by two peaks, but is the result of a superposition of several individual blended components. In the case of S Cas, the shape of a truncated parabolic and wide line is indicative of thermal emission from the CSE as a whole. In O Cet the 28SiO J = 4 → 3, v = 2 line displays a component at ~ 57 km s−1 which is right outside the velocity range of the thermal line; the J = 4 → 3, v = 1 line (lower left panel) has a Gaussian shape, and is centered at the star velocity. The line depicted for IRC+10011 is representative of a typical very narrow maser line. And finally, the line displayed for NML Tau (30SiO J = 3 → 2, v = 0) seems the result of the superposition of both the CSE thermal component and at least one maser component.

Figure 2.

Figure 2

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A sample of six different line profiles, representative of the catalogue. Source name are indicated at the upper left corner of each panel, while the lines (abridged) are shown in the upper right corner.

Variability

Most of the SiO and isotopologues maser lines in evolved stars develop a high degree of variability on scales from days to years (Humphreys et al. 2002; Pardo et al. 2004). The J = 1 → 0 line observations performed with the Robledo antenna have been repeated in 11 sources, taking from 2 to 5 spectra spread in time from several days to few weeks, as indicated in Table 2. The Fig. 3 plots all the measured line fluxes, normalized to their respective averages. While some sources do not display large changes in any of the two lines, other sources vary significantly within the observed time frame. The standard deviation of these data is 22 and 26% for the v = 1 and v = 2 lines, respectively. It is remarkable the case of μ Cep, which presents a dramatic variation where the highest fluxes roughly double the lowest ones. In order to provide more details, Fig. 4 shows all the observed spectra, gathered during three different days and in both circular polarizations. The emission is not significantly polarized, as we may infer from the second and third columns. It is evident in the figure that the line fluxes experienced a sudden increase in the last day, just some weeks after a rather stable maser emission; more interestingly, the changes are found in totally different velocity components for the v = 1 and v = 2 lines.

Figure 3.

Figure 3

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Variability of the J = 1 → 0, v = 1 and v = 2 line fluxes corresponding to the eleven stars observed in two or more different days. Fluxes are normalized to their respective averages. Red and blue marks represent fluxes corresponding to the v = 1 and v = 2 lines, respectively. In most cases the variability is clearly noted on time scales of several days to few weeks. The variability of μ Cep is remarkable, where the highest fluxes in both lines are almost two times the other values (see text and Fig. 4).

Figure 4.

Figure 4

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Variability of μ Cep. Lower and upper rows correspond to the J = 1 → 0, v = 1 and v = 2 lines, respectively. Observation dates and circular polarizations are indicated on top. The emission does not seem significantly polarized (second and third columns). The notable increment experienced in the last day (fourth column) arise from different velocity components in the two maser lines.

Another clear example of line variability is shown in Fig. 5, where the 30SiO J = 1 → 0, v = 0 line of VX Sgr significantly changed in just two weeks.

Figure 5.

Figure 5

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An example of variability. The 30SiO J = 1 → 0, v = 0 line of VX Sgr has been observed two times, with a time separation of only two weeks, but resulting in very different spectra.

Polarization

A significant part of the maser lines are often linearly and circularly polarized due to intrinsic magnetic fields (e.g. Shinnaga et al. 2004; Vlemmings, et al. 2011; Shinnaga et al. 2017). The IRAM spectra contains valuable information about lineal polarization of these sources, although it is not possible to derive the Stokes parameters with the present observations. Even though, the simultaneous observations of both lineal polarizations during four consecutive nights allowed the discovery of highly polarized components. Two examples are shown in Fig. 6: in IRC+10011, the 30SiO J = 2 → 1 v = 0 line depicts in the horizontal polarization a component at ~ 10 km s−1) which is virtually absent in the vertical polarization; the second example is VY CMa, where the SiO J = 4 → 3 v = 3 line displays significantly differences between the two linear polarization in the two principal velocity components.

Figure 6.

Figure 6

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Two examples of highly linearly polarized velocity components. The cases shown are the 30SiO J = 2 → 1, v = 0 line towards IRC+10011 and the 28SiO J = 4 → 3, v = 3 line towards VY CMa.

3.3. Identification of other spectral lines

For a significant fraction of the sample, a frequency range of up to ≈30 GHz has been surveyed. This large bandwidth permits also the search for other molecules. For each source, we averaged the spectra corresponding to all dates and polarizations, and looked for molecular species other than SiO and its isotopologues.

A total of 27 lines have been detected. Table 6 provides the list of those spectral lines together with some useful information, such as the frequencies, quantum numbers, and energies of the upper levels. For the sake of brevity, we labeled the spectral lines by a letter followed by a number; the letter indicates the molecular species, while the number designates the transition detected, ordered by isotopologue and frequency.

Table 6. Other molecular lines: identification.

Species and line ID Molecule Transition Frequency MHz E u K
A1 HCO+ 1–0 89188.5247 4.3
B1 HNC 1–0 90663.5680 4.4
C1 HCN 1–0 88631.6023 4.3
C2 H13CN 1–0 86339.9214 4.2
C3 H13CN 2–1 172677.8512 12.4
D1 SiS 5–4 90771.5643 13.1
D2 SiS 7–6 127076.1860 24.4
D3 29SiS 5–4 89103.7489 12.8
D4 29SiS 12–11 213816.1396 66.7
D5 Si34S 5–4 88285.8282 12.7
E1 H2S 11,0−10,1 168762.7624 27.9
E2 H2S 22,0–21,1 216710.4365 84.0
E3 H234S 11,0−10,1 167910.5160 27.8
F1 SO 22–11 86093.9500 19.3
F2 SO 33–22 129138.9230 25.5
F3 SO 44–33 172181.4600 33.8
F4 SO 55−44 215220.6530 44.1
F5 34SO 65–54 215839.4361 34.4
G1 SO2 81,7−80,8 83688.0930 36.7
G2 SO2 122,10–121,11 128605.1300 82.6
G3 SO2 121,11–112,10 129105.8300 76.4
G4 SO2 102,8–101,9 129514.8100 60.9
G5 SO2 163,13–162,14 214689.3800 147.8
H1 NaCl 10–9 130223.6270 34.4
H2 NaCl 13–12 169257.2052 56.9
H3 Na37Cl 7–6 89220.1148 17.1
H4 Na37Cl 17-16 216531.3010 93.4
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Note—C1 line (HCN J = 1 → 0) is composed of three hyperfine components; quoted frequency corresponds to the most intense one.

Detections are presented in the Table 7. A total of 20 stars with detections of some of the above mentioned 27 thermal lines are included. In all cases spectra have been smoothed to a velocity resolution of 2 km s−1. Positive detections are labeled by “Y”, negative results by “N”, and detections after further smoothing by “S”.

Table 7. Other molecular lines: detections.

Source Line
A1 B1 C1 C2 C3 D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 E1 E2 E3 F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 G1 G2 G3 G4 G5 H1 H2 H3 H4
IRC+10011 Y N Y Y S Y Y S S Y Y N S Y Y N S N Y N N Y N N N N N
S Cas N N Y S S S S N … N … … … N N N … … N N N N … N … N …
O Cet Y N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
S Per N N Y N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
NML Tau Y Y Y Y Y Y Y S N S Y N S Y Y Y Y N Y Y Y Y N N N N N
TX Cam Y Y Y Y S Y Y N N Y Y N N Y Y N N N Y N N N N N N N N
IRC+60154 N N Y N N N N N … N … … … N N N … … N N N N … N … N …
HK Ori N N Y N N N … N … N … … … N … N … … N … … … … … … N …
VY CMa Y N Y Y N Y Y N N N N N N Y Y S a Y N Y Y b S Y S N N N N
R Leo N N Y N N N N N N N N N N Y Y N Y N N N N N N N N N N
RX Boo N N Y N N N N N N N N N N Y Y Y S N Y N S Y N N N N N
U Her N N Y N N N N N … N … … … N S N … … N N N N … N … N …
VX Sgr Y N Y N N S S N N N … N … S Y S Y N S Y N S N N … N N
V1111 Oph Y N Y Y N Y Y N N N … N … S S N Y N Y N N S N N … N N
R Aql N N Y N N N N N … N … … … Y Y S … … Y N Y Y … N … N …
X Cyg N N Y Y Y N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N N
RR Aql N N Y N N N N N … N … … … N S S … … Y S S S … N … N …
NML Cyg Y S Y Y S Y Y N N N Y Y Y Y Y Y Y S Y Y Y Y S Y Y Y S
μ Cep Y N Y N N N N N N N N N N Y N N N N N N N N N N N N N
R Cas Y N Y Y N N N N N N N N N Y Y Y Y N Y s Y Y N N N N N
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Note—All spectra have been averaged and smoothed down to ≈ 2 km s–1.

Y: detected. N: not detected. S: detected after smoothing worse than 2 km s–1.

a

Instrumental problems close in frequency, but clear detection.

b

Blended with 29SiO(3–2) v = 0.

A brief analysis of the results are presented in Sect. 4 below.

4. Discussion

4.1. The highest vibrationally excited lines

R Cas is one of the strongest SiO maser emitter, and has been the subject of numerous single-dish and interferometric observations up to v = 3 (see, for example Phillips, et al. 2001; Phillips et al. 2003; McIntosh & Hayes 2008; McIntosh & Patriat 2010; Assaf, et al. 2011, 2013). We report here the first tentative detection of a v = 6 line, corresponding to the rotational transition J = 4 → 3. The line, displayed in Fig. 7 (left panel), is very narrow and has been significantly detected after averaging the two lineal polarizations (Table 5).

Figure 7.

Figure 7

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First tentative detections of v = 6 SiO maser lines. They correspond to R Cas (J = 4 → 3; left panel) and χ Cyg (J = 2 → 1; right panel). Both v = 6 lines are very narrow and displayed in red. To visualize the velocity range of emission of the other SiO lines, the corresponding v = 0 line (not to scale) are displayed in grey.

We also report the tentative detection of another v = 6 line, the one corresponding to J = 2 → 1 line in χ Cyg (ID 348 in Table 4). The line, very narrow, is also depicted in Fig. 7 (right panel). χ Cyg also displays the only v = 5 line of the whole survey. This also corresponds to the J = 2 → 1 line (ID 345 in Table 4). The J = 2 → 1 lines have been observed on almost consecutive days (August 1, 2, and 4; scans from 345 to 350), and both highly vibrationally excited lines have been detected in only one scan. Taken into account that both lines are detected at ≈3 σ level, χ Cyg deserves further observations, because both highly vibrationally excited lines may be polarized and rapidly variable, as has been suggested by recent observations of the intense J = 2 → 1, v = 1 line (Gómez-Garrido et al. 2020).

In χ Cyg, the intraday variability claimed by Gómez-Garrido et al. (2020) is confirmed by our data in the v = 1 and v = 2, J = 2 → 1 lines. The HCN J = 1 → 0 line, included in the same six scans as the J = 2 → 1 SiO lines, does not vary by more than 3%, while the v = 1 and v = 2 line fluxes are very dispersed around the mean value, with departures from the average up to 20 %. This is clearly illustrated in Fig. 8, where the integrated fluxes of the three lines are plotted as a function of the scan IDs; the fluxes are integrated between –5 and +25 km s−1 and normalized to the average of the six scans (345 to 350).

Figure 8.

Figure 8

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Intraday variability of χ Cyg. Fluxes of the thermal HCN J = 1 → 0 and the J = 2 → 1, v = 1, 2 of SiO lines are plotted as a function of their scans IDs. To facilitate the comparison, fluxes (computed from –5 to +25 km s−1) are normalized to their respective average values. Scan IDs are explained in Table 2, and correspond to both linear polarizations observed during August 1, 2, and 4. Note that the HCN normalized flux (black marks) remains well within ±3%, while the SiO line fluxes (blue and red marks) change significantly (up to 20%). This demonstrates the high polarization and rapid variability of the SiO lines in this source.

To our knowledge, there is only one reported detection of a v = 5 line, which is that corresponding to J = 8 → 7 in VY CMa (Kamiński et al. 2013), using the SMA interferometer.

The J = 11 → 10, v = 4 line has been reported in the high-mass young stellar object Orion Source I (Hirota et al. 2018; Kim et al. 2019). In an evolved star, however, there is only one detection of a v = 4 line SiO maser: the J = 5 → 4 line in VY CMa (Cernicharo et al. 1993). We detected the vibrationally excited J = 3 → 2 v = 4 line in VY CMa and for the first time in other four sources: IRC+10011, R Leo, VX Sgr, and S Per. As expected, the line is very narrow and highly polarized, being VY CMa the only source where the line was detected in both lineal polarizations; the significant detection in S Per was reached after averaging both polarizations. The narrowness of the lines is not unusual, but the significance of the detections should be monitored carefully. It is worth noting that the maser emission of this line was predicted by Herpin & Baudry (2000) as the result of infrared line overlaps.

4.2. About the emitting region

Masers request different physical conditions to invert the level population. It is therefore expected that the emitting volumes change from one maser to another. This is confirmed by interferometry at low v-states (e. g. Gonidakis et al. 2010; Kamiński et al. 2013; Richter et al. 2013). Such restrictive physical conditions are met through different mechanisms (radiative pumping, collisional pumping, overlaps), as explained in Sect. 1. In addition, we are dealing with pulsating stars, which adds the time dependency of such conditions.

As our survey contains almost simultaneous observations of all masers, it is particularly suitable to get an idea about the overall distribution of the emitting regions. A first approach is provided in Fig. 9, where we plot the normalized cumulative frequencies of the vibrational levels 0 to 3, as a function of the velocity range of emission. As v increases, the lines are more concentrated to smaller velocity ranges. Assuming that the velocity dispersion is correlated with the emitting volume, this tendency strongly suggests that the emitting region is confined to smaller volumes for larger v. As expected, this result also indicates that the physical conditions (temperature and density, IR radiative field) to produce maser emission become more restrictive as v increases.

Figure 9.

Figure 9

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Normalized cumulative frequencies of the different vibrational levels for the whole sample, as a function of the velocity range of emission.

Yun & Park (2012) simulated SiO maser emission in Mira-type stars under non-LTE conditions, considering different velocity gradients, and covering a complete pulsation cycle. One of the most robust results is the prediction of the J = 1 → 0, v = 2 line being more intense than the corresponding v = 1 in half of the pulsation cycle, and the opposite in the other half. We can test this prediction with our sample, because a reasonably high number of stars have been observed with co-occurrence of both lines.

Our data contain a total of 150 detections of both lines (75 each) corresponding to 38 stars, and other four cases: two with detections of the v = 1 line and other two with detections of the v = 2 line. The Fig. 10 sketches the main findings. In the left panel −Fig. 10(a)−, we plot the flux ratio of the v = 2 to v = 1 lines as a function of the scan ID, while in the right panel −Fig. 10(b)−, it is shown the distribution of the same line ratio in bins of 0.2 width. The median (0.84) and mean (0.11) of the sample are also indicated in the figure, which helps to infer a rather uniform distribution of the ratios around values close to one, i.e., without a clear dominance of one line over the other.

Figure 10.

Figure 10

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Relative intensities of the J = 1 → 0, v = 1 and v = 2 lines. (a) Flux ratios v = 2/v = 1 plotted as a function of the scan ID; blue line indicates the median of the sample. (b) Distribution of the same ratios, expressed in absolute (left axis) and relative (right axis) frequencies; the median (0.84) and the mean (0.11) of the sample are also plotted as blue arrows.

We have counted a total of 33 sources (44%) where F(v = 2) is greater than F(v = 1), and 42 cases (56%) with the opposite behavior. Overall results of this rather simple analysis seem to confirm the prediction made by Yun & Park (2012), although a more thorough and case-by-case analysis should be performed to provide a firm confirmation.

4.3. “Bonus” thermal lines

In order to provide an overall view about the thermal lines detected, we divided them into four groups. The first group is constituted by the C-bearing molecules HCO+, HNC, HCN and H13CN. HCO+ (A1 in Table 6) is a wide spread molecule besides H2 and CO, abundant in a variety of astronomical sources such as comets, diffuse clouds, and molecular clouds, but with abundances below the predicted values in AGB stars (Glassgold 1996). HCO+ was firstly discovered in VY CMa (Ziurys et al. 2007) and later in other sources (e.g. Pulliam et al. 2011), including TX Cam and NML Cyg. We detect HCO+ in 10 sources.

HNC (B1 in Table 6) was first tentatively reported by Lindqvist et al. (1988) in TX Cam, and later detected by Ziurys et al. (2009) in VY CMa. We detect HNC in TX Cam, NML Tau, and NML Cyg, but not in VY CMa probably due to a high noise level. HCN (C1 in Table 6) is the most common molecule found in the survey, detected in 19 out of the 20 sources. It was already detected by several authors (e.g. Lindqvist et al. 1988; Nercessian et al. 1989; Ziurys et al. 2009) in some of the stars of our sample (IRC+10011, NML Tau, TX Cam, VY CMa, VX Sgr, NML Cyg, and R Cas). Its isotopologue H13CN (C2 and C3 in Table 6) is less abundant and therefore hardly detected; it was reported and analyzed in IRC+10011, NML Tau (= IK Tau), VY CMa and NML Cyg (Nercessian et al. 1989; Tenenbaum et al. 2010; Velilla Prieto, et al. 2017).

The second group (lines D and E in Table 6) is constituted by the sulfur-bearing molecules SiS and H2 S, and some of their isotopologues. Around evolved stars, SiS and H2S are tracers of warm gas, probably above 100 K (Sánchez Contreras et al. 2015, and references therein), and are good tracers of the dust formation zones (Cernicharo et al. 2011). SiS was firstly reported by Lindqvist et al. (1988) in TX Cam, and later in NML Tau (Bujarrabal et al. 1994); we confirm here those detections and add other six to the list: IRC+10011, S Cas, VY CMa, VX Sgr, V111 Oph, and NML Cyg.

H2S was firmly detected by Omont et al. (1993) in IRC+10011, NML Tau, VY CMa, and NML Cyg; a tentative detection was also reported by Danilovich et al. (2017) in V1111 Oph. We add here the detection of H2S in TX Cam.

The third group (lines F and G in Table 6) is formed by sulfur oxides. Together with the SiO maser lines, sulfur oxides are the most abundant molecules in oxygen-rich CSEs. SO (F1 to F5 lines in Table 6) and SO2 (G1 to G5 in the same table) have been detected since the first molecular studies of these sources. Omont et al. (1993) detected up to three lines of SO2 in IRC+10011, NML Tau, VY CMa, RX Boo, and NML Cyg, none of them coincident to those reported in our survey. Later, Tenenbaum et al. (2010) performed a sensitive survey of VY CMa at 1mm and reported several S-bearing molecules in this source. A similar spectral survey towards NML Tau, but with a high spectral coverage (from 79 to 356 GHz) was recently published (Velilla Prieto, et al. 2017) with similar findings. We detected SO and SO2 in the same sources as in the Omont et al. (1993) article, and also in VX Sgr and R Cas. The less abundant isotopologue 34SO (line F5) is detected only in NML Cyg. The 163,13 – 162,14 line of SO2 (G5), with the highest upper energy level (147.8 K) is only detected in VY Cma and NML Cyg.

The fourth group is constituted by NaCl and its isotopologue Na37Cl. Four lines have been clearly identified, labeled as H1 to H4 in Table 6. Since the first identification in CSEs (Cernicharo & Guelin 1987), this metal refractory molecule has been firmly observed in IK Tau and VY CMa (Milam et al. 2007; Tenenbaum et al. 2010; Kamiński et al. 2013; Decin et al. 2016; Velilla Prieto, et al. 2017); recently, it was tentatively detected in R Dor (De Beck, & Olofsson 2018), although not confirmed with ALMA data (Decin et al. 2018). We failed to detect NaCl in IK Tau and VY CMa, although report the first detection in NML Cyg, as shown in Fig. 11. Besides the lines quoted in Table 7, the observed frequencies include also the J = 10 → 9 and 13 → 12 lines of Na37Cl (also shown in Fig. 11), not detected probably due to insufficient noise level.

Figure 11.

Figure 11

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NaCl and Na37Cl lines in NML Cyg. Transitions are indicated at the top left of each panel. Lines are shaded in the velocity range of emission of other lines in this source. Two other close lines (HCO+ and SiO) fall inside the plot, as indicated.

5. Conclusions

This work reports the results of a nearly complete survey of SiO, 29SiO, and 30SiO emission for J = 1 → 0 to 5 → 4, in 67 oxygen-rich stars. The stars have been chosen to span a large range of mass-loss rates, from 10−8 up to 10−4 M⊙ yr−1. In all rotational transitions, we surveyed simultaneously the vibrational levels v from 0 to 6, completing a list of 61 maser lines. A total of 1474 detections is reported.

The observations were made in a relatively short time (weeks for the J = 1 → 0 and four days for the others); therefore, we can consider that most stages of the pulsation phases were randomly tested.

As expected, several maser lines exhibit significant variability and are highly linearly or circularly polarized. The most prominent cases have been highlighted (Sect. 3.2, Figs. 5 and 6).

Several lines are reported for the first time. It is remarkable the first detection of a v = 6 line in R Cas and χ Cyg. χ Cyg also displays the only v = 5 line detected. The v = 4 vibrational state only depicts rotational lines in the J = 3 → 2 transition; very narrow and highly polarized, this line was detected in VY CMa and for the first time in IRC+10011, R Leo, VX Sgr, and S Per.

As a by-product, we also report the detection of other 27 thermal lines over a total of 20 sources. The lines correspond to common density tracers (like HCO+ and HCN), refractory molecules (like SiS), S-bearing molecules (H2S, SO, SO2) and the less observed NaCl, detected for the first time in NML Cyg (Fig. 11).

SiO plays a key role in the process of dust formation under the appropriate physical conditions. The database generated by this survey would be the basis of ambitious modeling of SiO maser emission and the overall evolution of the circumstellar envelopes.

Acknowledgments

This work was partially done under the Host Country Radio Astronomy program at MDSCC. The authors wish to thank the MDSCC and IRAM staffs for their kind and professional support during the observations. J.R.R. acknowledges the support from projects ESP2017-86582-C4-1-R and PID2019-105552RB-C41 (Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación). J.C. thanks ERC for Synergy grant ERC-2013-Syg-610256-NANOCOSMOS.

Footnotes

1

The C/O abundance ratio is <1 for the whole sample. Carbon stars, which have C/O>1, exhibit SiO thermal emission but not maser lines.

5

V min and V max were determined by the first and last occurrences of two consecutive channels with temperatures above 3-sigma.

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