Figure. Associations of genetically-predicted Lp(a) levels with atherosclerotic, valvular, thrombotic, and cerebrovascular diseases and dementia.

*Excluding rheumatic valvular disorders. †Vascular dementia and Alzheimer’s disease are defined based on an individual’s routinely-collected medical outcomes, whereas parental Alzheimer’s disease or dementia is defined as self-report of a family history of Alzheimer’s disease or dementia. Genetic associations with parental Alzheimer’s disease or dementia are less likely to suffer from selection bias or survivor bias, as participation in UK Biobank is less likely to be influenced by the medical history of an individual’s parents.