Figure 3.

Anti-IL-34 Treatment Enhances the Efficacy of Anti-PD-1 Treatment in PDX Model

(A) Pathological and gene expression profile of the tumor tissue used for the establishment of PDX model.

(B) Immunofluorescence staining of LU-TM-0007 sample for IL-34. Nuclei were counterstained with DAPI. Scale bars represent 20 μm.

(C) Representative immunohistochemistry staining of LU-TM-0007 sample with PD-L1 in the tumor. Scale bar represents 20 μm.

(D) Schematic of the anti-PD-1 (α-PD-1) and/or IL-34 (α-IL-34) antibody treatment. The timeline shows the procedure of human HSC injection, tumor inoculation, and antibody treatment.

(E) Tumor growth in HuNSG mice inoculated with LU-TM-0007 tumor cells and treated with the antibodies (n = 3/group). Dotted line indicates the size of nontreated tumor at the same time point. Dot plot shows the tumor size on day 28. Individual data points are shown with mean ± SEM.

(F) Macroscopic observation of s.c. injected xenografts in HuNSG mice sacrificed on day 28. Combination therapy caused strong necrosis in one of the treated tumors (∗) which could not be further analyzed.

(G) Representative hematoxylin and eosin staining of resected tumors in nontreated, anti-PD-1, or combination therapy groups on day 28. Arrowheads indicate infiltrating immune cells. Scale bars represent 100 μm.