Table 1.
Characteristic | Group 1 (PD patients, n = 105) | Group 2 (caregivers of PD patients, n = 92) | Group 3 (hospital inpatients, n = 127) | Supplemented (n = 38) | Non-supplemented (n = 286) | P* |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Male sex, n (%) | 55 (52.4) | 44 (47.8) | 58 (45.7) | 16 (42.1) | 141 (49.3) | 0.49 |
Age, y, mean (SD) | 70.5 (10.1) | 65.4 (11.0) | 73.5 (14.7) | 68.8 (10.6) | 70.5 (13.1) | 0.39 |
Body mass index, kg/m2, mean (SD) | 25.6 (4.9) | 25.2 (4.4) | 25.1 (4.5) | 25.1 (4.5) | 25.4 (4.4) | 0.74 |
Obesity, n (%) | 19 (18.1) | 13 (14.1) | 14 (11.0) | 5 (13.2) | 41 (14.3) | 0.99 |
Comorbidities, n, mean (SD) | 1.6 (0.7)† | 0.9 (0.8) | 1.9 (1.3) | 1.5 (1.2) | 1.5 (1.1) | 0.92 |
Ischemic heart disease, n (%) | 5 (4.8) | 5 (5.4) | 51 (40.2) | 8 (21.1) | 53 (18.5) | 0.66 |
Hypertension, n (%) | 44 (41.9) | 51 (55.4) | 87 (68.5) | 20 (52.6) | 162 (56.6) | 0.73 |
Diabetes, n (%) | 8 (7.6) | 11 (12.0) | 38 (29.9) | 6 (15.8) | 51 (17.8) | 1.00 |
COPD, n (%) | 6 (5.7) | 8 (8.7) | 15 (11.8) | 2 (5.3) | 27 (9.4) | 0.55 |
Cancer, n (%) | 1 (0.9) | 2 (2.2) | 26 (20.5) | 6 (15.8) | 20 (7.0) | 0.10 |
PD, n (%) | 105 (100) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.1) | 13 (34.2) | 93 (32.5) | 0.86 |
Vitamin D supplementation, n (%) | 13 (12.4) | 14 (15.2) | 11 (8.7) | — | — | — |
Serum 25OHD, ng/mL, mean (SD)‡ | — | — | 13.2 (11.1) | 32.9 (14.8) | 11.3 (8.6) | <0.001 |
Hospitalization, n (%) | 18 (17.1) | 25 (27.2) | — | — | — | — |
In-hospital mortality, n (%)§ | 6 (33.3) | 7 (28.0) | 34 (26.8) | See Table 2 |
25OHD, 25-hydroxyvitamin D; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; PD, Parkinson disease; SD, standard deviation.
Supplemented versus non-supplemented according to the unpaired Student's t test (continuous variables) or the Fisher's exact test (categorical variables).
Including PD.
In hospital inpatients only.
In-hospital mortality (%) has been calculated according to the number of hospitalized patients.