Table 4.

Neuroprotective effects of CBD in different neurological diseases through the activation of the TRPV receptors.

In Vitro and in Vivo Models	CBD Dose	Treatments	Biological/Pharmacological Effect	Neurological Diseases	Ref.
Male Wistar rats	10 mg/kg	2 h after the induction of model	CBD inhibited the carrageenan-induced hyperalgesia through the desensitization of the TRPV1 receptor	Hyperalgesia	[31]
hPBMECs and hCMEC/D3 Cells	0.1, 0.3, 1, 3, 10 and 15 μM	7 or 24 h of incubation	CBD, in a dose-dependent manner, led a last-lasting increase in intracellular Ca2+ level, through activation of TRPV2. In this way, CBD, enhanced cell proliferation, cell migration and tubulogenesis in human brain endothelial cells.	-	[109]
U87MG glioma cell line	10 µM	Cells were treated with different doses of CBD for 1 day or co-treated with CBD 10 µM and chemotherapeutic drugs for 6 h.	CBD, through activation of TRPV2 and the consequent entry of Ca2+, improved the action of chemotherapy drugs enhancing drug absorption and ameliorated cytotoxic activity in human glioma cells.	-	[110]
human Gingival Mesenchymal Stem Cells	5 μM	24 h of incubation	CBD, through TRPV1 desensitization, promoted the PI3K/Akt pathway signaling, which can reduce Alzheimer’s hallmarks.	Alzheimer’s disease	[37]

CBD, cannabidiol; hPBMECs, human primary brain microvascular endothelial cell.