Zilucoplan in patients with acute hypoxic respiratory failure due to COVID-19 (ZILU-COV): A structured summary of a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial

Abstract

Objectives

Zilucoplan (complement C5 inhibitor) has profound effects on inhibiting acute lung injury post COVID-19, and can promote lung repair mechanisms that lead to improvement in lung oxygenation parameters. The purpose of this study is to investigate the efficacy and safety of Zilucoplan in improving oxygenation and short- and long-term outcome of COVID-19 patients with acute hypoxic respiratory failure.

Trial design

This is a phase 2 academic, prospective, 2:1 randomized, open-label, multi-center interventional study.

Participants

Adult patients (≥18y old) will be recruited at specialized COVID-19 units and ICUs at 9 Belgian hospitals. The main eligibility criteria are as follows:

1) Inclusion criteria:

a. Recent (≥6 days and ≤16 days) SARS-CoV-2 infection.

b. Chest CT scan showing bilateral infiltrates within the last 2 days prior to randomisation.

c. Acute hypoxia (defined as PaO₂/FiO₂ below 350 mmHg or SpO2 below 93% on minimal 2 L/min supplemental oxygen).

d. Signs of cytokine release syndrome characterized by either high serum ferritin, or high D-dimers, or high LDH or deep lymphopenia or a combination of those.

2) Exclusion criteria:

e. Mechanical ventilation for more than 24 hours prior to randomisation.

f. Active bacterial or fungal infection.

g. History of meningococcal disease (due to the known high predisposition to invasive, often recurrent meningococcal infections of individuals deficient in components of the alternative and terminal complement pathways).

Intervention and comparator

Patients in the experimental arm will receive daily 32,4 mg Zilucoplan subcutaneously and a daily IV infusion of 2g of the antibiotic ceftriaxone for 14 days (or until hospital discharge, whichever comes first) in addition to standard of care. These patients will receive additional prophylactic antibiotics until 14 days after the last Zilucoplan dose: hospitalized patients will receive a daily IV infusion of 2g of ceftriaxone, discharged patients will switch to daily 500 mg of oral ciprofloxacin.

The control group will receive standard of care and a daily IV infusion of 2g of ceftriaxone for 1 week (or until hospital discharge, whichever comes first), to control for the effects of antibiotics on the clinical course of COVID-19.

Main outcomes

The primary endpoint is the improvement of oxygenation as measured by mean and/or median change from pre-treatment (day 1) to post-treatment (day 6 and 15 or at discharge, whichever comes first) in PaO₂/FiO₂ ratio, P(A-a)O₂ gradient and a/A PO₂ ratio.

(PAO₂= Partial alveolar pressure of oxygen, PaO₂=partial arterial pressure of oxygen, FiO₂=Fraction of inspired oxygen).

Randomisation

Patients will be randomized in a 2:1 ratio (Zilucoplan: control). Randomization will be done using an Interactive Web Response System (REDCap).

Blinding (masking)

In this open-label trial neither participants, caregivers, nor those assessing the outcomes will be blinded to group assignment.

Numbers to be randomised (sample size)

A total of 81 patients will be enrolled: 54 patients will be randomized to the experimental arm and 27 patients to the control arm.

Trial Status

ZILU-COV protocol Version 4.0 (June 10 2020). Participant recruitment started on June 23 2020 and is ongoing. Given the uncertainty of the pandemic, it is difficult to predict the anticipated end date.

Trial registration

The trial was registered on Clinical Trials.gov on May 11^th, 2020 (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04382755) and on EudraCT (Identifier: 2020-002130-33).

Full protocol

The full protocol is attached as an additional file, accessible from the Trials website (Additional file 1). In the interest in expediting dissemination of this material, the familiar formatting has been eliminated; this Letter serves as a summary of the key elements of the full protocol.

Supplementary Information

The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13063-020-04884-0.

Authors’ contributions

JD, CB, BM, KVD and EDL equally contributed to the study and its submission. BL, JD, CB, BM, KVD, EDL, TD, MV and TG screened patients for eligibility and obtained informed consents. BL, CB, KVD, JD, EDL and BM were involved in data collection, analysis and interpretation of the data. LD and JS were involved in biomarker considerations for the study design and analysis. MV and TS were involved in the statistical considerations for the study design. ML, RB and JS were involved in clinical considerations for the study. AV, AD, BD and SV coordinated data collection and administration across the different sites involved. BL, EVB and CVDS wrote the protocol. The author(s) read and approved the final manuscript.

Funding

UCB Pharma funds the ZILU-COV trial and is involved in the collection, analysis and interpretation of data.

Availability of data and materials

Not applicable.

Ethics approval and consent to participate

This study was approved by an independent Medical Ethics Committee attached to the University Hospital of Ghent and the University of Ghent (reference BC-07652) on May 22^nd 2020, after consultation of the ethics committees of each Belgian centre where this study will be carried out. Eligible subjects may only be included in the study after providing written Ethics Committee-approved informed consent, or, if incapable of doing so, after such consent has been provided by a legally acceptable representative(s) of the subject, after receiving full explanation, having received sufficient time to consider the trial, asking questions and receiving satisfying responses to all questions.

Consent for publication

Not applicable.

Competing interests

JD, CB, KVD, EDL, BM, AV, AD, BD, SV, MV, TD, MV, TG, EVB, CVDS and BNL declare that they have no competing interests. ML, TS, LD, RB and JS are full time employees of UCB Pharma.