Abstract
Objetivo
Conocer los factores asociados a los defectos de esmalte dental (DED) en el primer molar permanente como asistencia pediátrica, ingreso hospitalario, enfermedades de vías respiratorias altas y bajas, varicela, gastroenteritis, otitis y diferentes tratamientos farmacológicos.
Diseño
Estudio epidemiológico retrospectivo de casos y controles.
Participantes
Muestreo sistemático probabilístico de las historias clínicas de 1.382 escolares nacidos en los años 1989, 1990 y 1991, entre marzo y mayo de 2000, obteniendo para el estudio 48 casos y 149 controles.
Mediciones y resultados principales
Realizamos una exploración odontológica a la edad de 8 años siguiendo los criterios de la OMS. Definimos DED siguiendo los criterios de la FDI (DED index). Hemos medido y comparado las diferentes variables del estudio durante los cinco primeros años de vida. La asociación epidemiológica se ha determinado mediante el odds ratio (OR) y sus intervalos de confianza del 95%.
Durante el primer año de vida hemos obtenido para la asistencia pediátrica un OR de 2,26 (IC del 95%, 1,05-4,92); durante el segundo año para la ITU un OR de 25,27 (IC del 95%, 2,98-562,2); durante el tercer año de vida para la ITU un OR de 6,68 (IC del 95%, 1,01-54,52); durante el cuarto año de vida para la neumonía un OR de 13,45 (IC del 95%, 1,36-324,5), y durante el quinto año de vida para la otitis un OR de 2,56 (IC del 95%, 1,23-5,34); macrólidos con un OR de 2,28 (IC del 95%, 1,03-5,03) y anticongestivos con un OR de 2,20 (IC del 95%, 1,08-4,50).
Conclusiones
La ITU y la neumonía presentan fuerte asociación con los DED. La alta frecuentación al pediatra, el ingreso hospitalario, enfermedades como la otitis, varicela y los tratamientos con macrólidos, cefalosporinas, anticongestivos y broncodilatadores, presentan una débil asociación con los DED.
Palabras clave: Hipoplasia esmalte dental, Decoloración dental, Defectos de esmalte dental, Infecciones tracto urinario, Reflujo vesicoureteral, Estudio de casos y controles.
Abstract
Objectives
To assess factors related to defects in the tooth enamel of the first permanent molar. Factors studied include, pediatric assistance, hospital admittance, high and low respiratory illness, varicella, gastroenteritis, ear infections, urinary tract infections, and different pharmacological treatments.
Design
A retrospective case control study.
Participants
Cases and controls were selected randomly from a pool of 1382 scholars born in years 1980, 1981 and 1982.
Measurements and main results
The study was conducted in march and may of year 2000. Finally 48 cases and 148 controls were selected. A dental examination was conducted at 8 years of age using the WHO criteria. Defects in the tooth enamel were defined according to the FDI criteria. We've measured and compared the study variables along the first five years of live. The epidemiological association was quantified by means of the odds ratio (OR) an its 95% confidence interval (CI).
In the first year of live we estimated for pediatric assistance an OR of 2,26 (95% CI 1.05-4.92); in the second year for Urinary Tract Infections (UTI) we obtained an OR of 25.27 (95% CI 2.98-562.2); in the third year for UTI an OR of 6.68 (95% CI 1.01-54.52); in the fourth year the OR for pneumonia was 13.45 (95% CI 1.36-324.5) and finally in the fifth year the significant OR were: 2.56 (95% CI 1.23-5.34) for ear infections, 2.28 (95% CI 1.03-5.03) for macrolides and OR of 2.20 (95% CI 1.08-4.50) for anticongestive medications.
Conclusions
UTI and pneumonia show a high association with the presence of defects in the tooth enamel. Other variables such as high frequency of pediatric assistance, hospital admittance, ear infections, varicella, and pharmacological treatments with macrolides, cefolosporines, anticongestive medications and lungs medications showed a weak association.
Key words: Dental enamel hypoplasia, Tooth discoloration, Enamel dental defects, Urinary tract infections, Vesico-ureteral reflux, Case-control studies.
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