Abstract
Objetivo
Calcular el porcentaje de individuos de una población que precisa tratamiento farmacológico según las diferentes guías para el tratamiento de la hipercolesteremia.
Diseño
Estudio descriptivo transversal.
Emplazamiento
Población de 6 comarcas de Lleida: cinco pirenaicas y una en el llano, donde se emplaza la capital de la provincia.
Método
En 401 individuos procedentes de una muestra aleatoria de 6 comarcas de Lleida se calculó el riesgo cardiovascular según la tabla de cálculo del estudio de Framingham y el porcentaje de individuos que precisan fármacos hipolipemiantes según el US National Cholesterol Education Program, la Sociedad Europea de Aterosclerosis y la Sociedad Española de Aterosclerosis.
Resultados
La prevalencia de individuos con colesterol total > 250 mg/dl fue del 16,2% en los varones y del 22,4% en las mujeres. Precisaban tratamiento farmacológico para la hipercolesteremia un 20,5% de los varones y un 17,6% de las mujeres de los 383 individuos mayores de 6 años de la población, según el NCEP. La ecuación de Framingham se aplicó a 281 individuos (mayores de 30 y menores de 75 años); estima un riesgo superior al 20% en 10 años en un 13,7% de la población, siendo de un 23,9% en los varones y un 3,5% en las mujeres.
Conclusiones
El porcentaje de pacientes que precisa tratamiento farmacológico para la hipercolesteremia varía según las diferentes guías utilizadas. Consideramos necesario el cálculo del riesgo cardiovascular según la ecuación de Framingham en el uso de fármacos para que éste se ajuste a la población con mayor riesgo, dado el origen multifactorial de la enfermedad cardiovascular.
Palabras clave: Colesterol, Factores riesgo, Prevención
Abstract
Objective
To find out the percentage of individuals from a population who need pharmacologic treatment for their hypercholesterolemia according to different guidelines.
Design
Descriptive transversal study.
Setting
Population from 6 areas of Lleida (province) including the city of Lleida.
Method
The study has been done on a randomized sample of 401 individuals. First the cardiovascular risk from the equation in the Framingham study was calculated, then the percentage of individuals who should be treated with lipid-lowering medication according to the US National Cholesterol Education Program, The European Society of Atherosclerosis and The Spanish Society of Atherosclerosis.
Results
The prevalence of individuals wiht cholesterolemia > 250 mg/dl has been 16.3% among men and 22.4% in women. According to NCEP, 20.5% of men and 17.6% of women from 383 individuals older then 6 years old need pharmacologic treatment for hypercholesterolemia. The Framingham equation was applied to 281 individuals (over 30 and under 75 years old) estimating a risk higher than 20% in 10 years for 13.7% of the population under study (23.9% in men and 3.5% in women).
Conclusions
The percentage of patients who need pharmacologic treatment for hypercholesterolemia varies according to the different guidelines employed.We consider necessary the calculation of the cardiovascular risk with the Framingham equation to use lipid-lowering medication in order to achieve a better protection of the population at higher risk of developing a cardiovascular disease.
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