Skip to main content
Atencion Primaria logoLink to Atencion Primaria
. 2013 Apr 5;25(2):89–95. [Article in Spanish] doi: 10.1016/S0212-6567(00)78469-1

Estudio nutricional completo en escolares. Opiniones y actitudes

Full Study of the Nutrition of School Students. Views and Attitudes

CP Jiménez Lorente a,*, M Rodríguez Cabrero b, A Ibáñez Fernández c, G Odriozola Aranzábal d; Unidad Docente de Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria. Almería1
PMCID: PMC7675846  PMID: 10736938

Abstract

Objectives

To discover the cooking habits of school students’ families and the full nutritional picture of the school population of Huercal de Almería. To gather the views and attitudes of school students and mothers on the low amount of milk and vegetables consumed.

Design

Crossover, descriptive and technical study with focus group.

Setting

Rural area.

Methods

The study had three stages: 1. A questionnaire for all the school students on their food habits (675). 2. A sample of 101 students aged between 4 and 6 and between 10 and 14 was chosen for the nutritional study. Students at nutritional risk in 1996 (95% CI; p.q = 0.25). Intake was analysed through the «memory of 24 hours», measurement of physical details and biochemical determinations. 3. We gathered views and attitudes by the focus group technique in 1997, with 60 girls between 10 and 14 and mothers in 6 groups.

Main results

Habits: the most commonly eaten meat was chicken, followed by pork, stewed if possible. Blue and fried fish, full-cream milk, white bread, fresh green vegetables and olive oil. Nutritional study: the students’ weight and height were above average. Denutrition was rare: we found three students with a percentile less than three. There was tendency to overweight in both sexes, with cholesterol levels above 200 mgr in the 4-6 group. Hyper-protein and hyper-fatty diet. The Ca/P quotient was P < 1, especially in the 10-14 girls. Consumption of pulses, fibre, cereals and root vegetables was less than the recommended amounts. Micronutrients were sufficient except for less iron in 10 to 14 girls. Focal groups: the four groups of girls coincided in rejection of green vegetables, repeating to some extent habits acquired in their families. Usually vegetables are rejected without having been tried, due to smell, texture and look. Positive knowledge about milk and vegetables was not shown in practice.

Conclusions

Hyper-protein and hyper-fat diet with high cholesterol levels, weight and height above the average and tendency to overweight. They all rejected green vegetables. They repeated family eating habits.

Key words: Foods, School students and attitudes

Bibliografía

  • 1.Aguilera F., Lupiáñez L., Magaña D., Planells E., Mataix F.J., Llopis J. Iron status in a population of Spanish Schoolchildren. Die Nahrung. 1994;38:192–198. doi: 10.1002/food.19940380211. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 2.López A., Plaza I., Muñoz M.T., Madero R., Mariscal R.P., Felliu J Ros. Estudio de Fuenlabrada: lípidos y lipoproteínas en niños y adolescentes. An Esp Ped. 1989;31:342–349. [Google Scholar]
  • 3.Elcarte R., Villa Elizaga I., Sada J. Estudio de Navarra (PECNA). Hiperlipemias. Valores medios y percentilados de lípidos y lipoproteínas en una población infanto-juvenil. An Esp Ped. 1993;38:307–315. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 4.Consumo de alimentos y estado nutricional de la población escolar de la comunidad Autónoma de Madrid. Estudio CAENPE . Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo; Madrid:: 1994. [Google Scholar]
  • 5.Aranceta J., Bonet T., Santolaya J., Delgado A., Goudra J. Ayuntamiento de Bilbao; Bilbao:: 1985. Evaluación del consumo y de hábitos alimentarios en los comedores escolares de los colegios públicos de la villa de Bilbao. [Google Scholar]
  • 6.Moreiras Varela O., Carbajal A., Blázquez M.J., Cabrera L., Martínez A. La alimentación en la escuela y en el hogar de niños madrileños estudio piloto. Rev Esp Ped. 1984;40:257–266. [Google Scholar]
  • 7.Paidos 84. Estudio epidemiológico sobre nutrición y obesidad infantil . Gráficas Jomagar; Madrid:: 1985. [Google Scholar]
  • 8.Ministerio de Sanidad y Consumo; Madrid:: 1990. Evolución de los hábitos alimentarios en España. [Google Scholar]
  • 9.Paidos 84. Estudio epidemiológico sobre nutrición y obesidad infantil . Danone; Madrid:: 1985. [Google Scholar]
  • 10.Ingestas recomendadas de energía y nutrientes de la población española . Universidad Complutense; Madrid:: 1994. Departamento de nutrición. [Google Scholar]
  • 11.Bingham S.A. The dietary assessment of individuals. Methods, accuracy, new techniques and recomendations. Nutrition Abstracts and Reviews (series A) 1987;57:705–742. [Google Scholar]
  • 12.Boulet D., Lambert J.L., Sylvander B. L'analisis de la consumation alimentaire: problemes methodologiques. Montpellier, INRA, 1986:82. [Google Scholar]
  • 13.Burr M.L. Epidemiology for nutritionists: some general principles human nutrition. Applied Nutr. 1983;37:259–264. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 14.Pekkarinen M. Methodology in the collection of food consumption data world. Rev Nutr Diet. 1970;12:145–171. doi: 10.1159/000387586. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 15.Vialettes B., Sambuc R., Magnan M. Enqueste alimentaire chez 1200 enfants representatifs de la population d'age scolaire de le ville de Marseille. Cah Nutr Diet. 1987;5:357–365. [Google Scholar]
  • 16.Dumpyn H., Marichi J.P. Habitudes alimentaries, modes de la vie apports nutritionels, implications technologiques. En: Fondation Francaise pour la Nutrition: Realisation 1984. París. 1985:33–44. [Google Scholar]
  • 17.Hanes S., Vermeerch J., Gale S. The national evaluation of school nutrition programs: program impact on dietary intake. Am J Clin Nutr. 1984;40:390–413. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/40.2.390. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 18.Salas J., Font I., Canals J., Guinovart L., Sopedra C., Maretí Henneberg C. Consumo, hábitos alimentarios y estado nutricional de la población de Reus (VI). Riesgo de malnutrición en micronutrientes. Med Clin (Barc) 1987;88:405–410. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 19.Soler de la Mano J., García Peris P. Verduras y hortalizas. Nutr Clin. 1984;4:22–27. [Google Scholar]
  • 20.López Nondedeu C., Vázquez C. Editorial Caja Madrid; Madrid: 1992. Manual de alimentación y nutrición para educadores; pp. 177–187. [Google Scholar]
  • 21.Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación . V A Impresores; Madrid:: 1991. Consumo alimentario en España 1990. [Google Scholar]
  • 22.Bueno A., Martínez A. Valoración de los parámetros antropométricos nutricionales: peso, talla y perímetro cefálico en escolares de Málaga ciudad. An Esp Pediatr. 1990;33:229–232. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 23.Hernández M., Castellet J., García M., Narvaira J.L., Rincón J.M., Ruiz I. Garci; Madrid:: 1981. Curvas de crecimiento. [Google Scholar]
  • 24.The Lipid Research Clinics Program Epidemiology Committee Plasma lipid distributions in selected north american populations: The Lipid Research Clinics Program Prevalence Study. Circulation. 1979;60:427–439. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.60.2.427. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 25.Pope C., Mays N. Reaching the parts other methods cannot reach: an introdution to qualitative methods in heath and services research. BMJ. 1995;311:42–45. doi: 10.1136/bmj.311.6996.42. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 26.Baum F. Researching public health: behind the qualitative-quantitative methodological debate. Social Science and Medicine. 1995;40(4):459–468. doi: 10.1016/0277-9536(94)e0103-y. [DOI] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 27.Mays N., Pope C. Rigour and qualitative research. BMJ. 1995;311:109–112. doi: 10.1136/bmj.311.6997.109. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
  • 28.Kitzinger J. Introducing focus groups. BMJ. 1995;311:299–302. doi: 10.1136/bmj.311.7000.299. [DOI] [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]

Articles from Atencion Primaria are provided here courtesy of Elsevier

RESOURCES