Abstract
Objetivo
Los pacientes con hipertensión arterial (HTA) que no presentan un descenso nocturno de la presión arterial (PA) suelen tener un mayor grado de afección de órganos diana debido a la hipertensión mantenida. En nuestro trabajo analizamos, mediante monitorización ambulatoria de la presión arterial (MAPA), la prevalencia de la condición dipper de los pacientes con HTA de grados 1 y 2 tras la supresión controlada de la medicación antihipertensiva, así como la magnitud del efecto de bata blanca (objeto de otro estudio).
Diseño
Estudio cuasiexperimental y descriptivo.
Emplazamiento
Atención primaria. Centro de salud urbano.
Participantes mediciones y resultados
Se realizaron estudios de MAPA a 70 hipertensos esenciales con buen control de la PA después de tratamiento farmacológico antes de suspender la medicación antihipertensiva (1.ª fase) y a las 4 semanas de abandonar el tratamiento (2.ª fase), programándose dos períodos, diurno y nocturno.
Resultados
De los 70 pacientes hipertensos, 18 (26%) no llegaron a realizarse la segunda MAPA, ya que tras la retirada de la medicación presentaron valores inaceptables de PA que obligaron a reintroducir los fármacos antihipertensivos.
El 79% de los pacientes hipertensos eran dipper tras la primera monitorización, y tras la supresión de la medicación antihipertensiva el 83% continuaba siendo dipper. En función del sexo, no hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas en cuanto al descenso nocturno de la PA en ambos períodos. Finalmente, el 75% y el 11,5% de los pacientes fueron dipper y non-dipper, respectivamente, en las 2 fases sólo un 13,5% de los pacientes cambió su condición.
Conclusiones
La retirada de la medicación antihipertensiva en pacientes con hipertensión de grados 1 y 2 bien controlados no modifica de manera significativa la prevalencia de pacientes con descensos nocturnos de la PA.
Palabras clave: Monitorización ambulatoria de presión arterial, Dipper, Antihipertensivos
Abstract
Objective
The patients with hypertension who do not present a night decrease of the arterial pressure are a bigger degree of target organ damage due to the supported hypertension. In our work we analyzed after ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) the prevalence of the condition dipper of the patients with hypertension of degree 1 and/or 2 after the suppression controlled of the antihypertensive medication; as well as the magnitude of the effect of white coat (object of another study)
Design
Almost experimental study and descriptive.
Setting
Primary care. Urban health centre.
Participants measurements and results
Studies of ABPM were realized in 70 essential hypertense patients with good control of the arterial pressure after pharmacological treatment before suspending the antihypertensive medication (1 phase) and to the 4 weeks of leaving the treatment (2 phase), two periods being programmed: diurnal and night.
Results
Of all 70 hypertense patients, 18 (26%) did not manage to carry out 2 ABPM since after the retreat of the medication there presented blood pressure unacceptable values that forced to re-introduce the medicaments. The 79% of the hypertense patients were dipper after the 1 monitoring and that after the suppression of the antihypertensive medication, 83% was continuing being dipper. Depending on the gender there were no statistically significant differences as for the night decrease of the arterial pressure in both periods. Finally, 75% and 11.5% of the patients were dippers or not dippers, respectively, in both phases and only 13.5% of the patients it changed its condition. Conclusions. The retreat of the medication in hypertense of degree 1 and/or 2 well controlled does not modify the patients’ percentage with night decreases of the blood pressure.
Key words: Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring, Dipper, Antihypertensive pharmacs
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