Abstract
Objetivos
Medir la calidad de vida de los niños asmáticos y conocer su situación sociosanitaria.
Diseño
Estudio descriptivo, transversal.
Emplazamiento
Centro de salud de Cádiz con una población infantil de 3.680 niños.
Participantes
En total, 52 niños incluidos en el programa de asma.
Mediciones principales
Los datos se recogieron durante el año 2004 de las historias clínicas del Servicio Andaluz de Salud y mediante entrevista personal con el cuestionario de calidad de vida PAQLQ. Se recogieron variables sociodemográficas, clínicas, de utilización de servicios y de calidad de vida. El análisis se realizó mediante el programa SPSS versión 11.0.
Resultados
Se observa una mayor prevalencia de varones (65,4%). El perfil sociodemográfico fue el tipo de familia nuclear (80,8%) y la ausencia de humedad en las viviendas (75%). En cuanto a los antecedentes asmáticos, se observaron en el 17,3% de los padres y en el 25% de las madres. Eran fumadores activos el 57,7% de los padres y el 42,3% de las madres. La media de consultas anuales en atención primaria fue 5,5 ± 4,6 totales y 1,5 ± 2,5 por asma. La puntuación media del cuestionario de calidad de vida fue 5,5 ± 1,3; la puntuación en sus distintas dimensiones fue: limitación de actividad física, 5,3 ± 1,6; síntomas, 5,5 ± 1,3, y aspectos emocionales, 5,6 ± 1,4.
Conclusiones
La población de niños asmáticos incluidos en el programa de asma presenta una buena calidad de vida, especialmente en la dimensión emocional. La situación sociosanitaria, el estadio clínico y la puntuación de calidad de vida son muy homogéneos.
Palabras clave: Asma infantil, Calidad de vida, PAQLQ
Abstract
Objectives
To measure the quality of life of asthmatic children and to find their social and health situation.
Design
Transversal, descriptive study.
Setting
Cadiz health centre with a population of 3680 children.
Participants
Fifty two children included in the asthma programme.
Main measurements
The data were collected in 2004 from the clinical histories of the Andalusian Health Service and through personal interviews using the PAQLQ quality of life questionnaire. Social-demographic, clinical, service-use, and quality-of-life variables were collected. Version 11.0 of the SPSS programme was used for the analysis.
Results
There were more boys (65.4%). The social-demographic profile found that 80.6% were in nuclear families and 75% had absence of damp at home. The asthma background was 17.3% in fathers and 25% in mothers. Of active smokers, 57.7% were fathers and 42.3% were mothers. Mean annual consultations in primary care were 5.5±4.6 in total and 1.5±2.5 for asthma. The mean score on the quality-of-life questionnaire was 5.5±1.3, and in its various dimensions: restriction on physical activity, 5.3±1.6; symptoms, 5.5±1.3; and emotional aspects, 5.6±1.4.
Conclusions
The population of asthmatic children included in the asthma programme have a good quality of life, especially in the emotional dimension. The social and health situation, clinical status and the quality-of-life score are very homogeneous.
Key words: Childrens’ asthma, Quality of life, PAQLQ
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