Figure 4.

Translation inhibition by interfering with translation initiation. (A) Increased displacement of translational initiation factors from mRNA by the tRF mTOG-Ψ8 represses translation. Loss of PUS7 and mTOG-Ψ8 may contribute to human myeloid malignancies. (B) Loss of m⁵C increases the affinity between tRNA and ANG, leading to tRF-5 accumulation, which then decreases protein synthesis. Abbreviations: PUS7, pseudouridylation synthase 7; Ψ, pseudouridine; eIF4A/G, E, eukaryotic initiation factor 4 A/G, E; PABPC1, poly(A) binding protein-1; ANG, angiogenin.