Abstract
Objetivo
Describir el comportamiento de los signos y síntomas gastrointestinales más frecuentes a lo largo del embarazo y en el puerperio mediato.
Material y métodos
Un total de 583 mujeres embarazadas, elegidas de modo accidental, entrevistadas a las 8–12 semanas de gestación (n = 133), 18–22 semanas (n = 155), 37–42 semanas (n = 203) y 2 semanas después del parto (n = 92), procedentes de centros de salud y hospitales de la Comunidad Valenciana y Murcia. El cuestionario, contestado de forma voluntaria, contenía un listado sobre los signos y síntomas gastrointestinales más frecuentes durante el embarazo, y se preguntaba sobre la presencia o no de aquéllos en las 2 semanas anteriores al momento de la entrevista.
Resultados
Los porcentajes de náuseas y vómitos, aunque más elevados en el primer trimestre, se mantienen alrededor del 25–30% en el tercer trimestre de gestación. La pirosis se presenta en un 58,6% de las gestantes en el tercer trimestre. La sialorrea se manifiesta en un 7,7% de todas las mujeres gestantes y se mantiene durante toda la gestación. El estreñimiento se mantiene constante durante la gestación en torno al 25–30%. La prevalencia de hemorroides al inicio de la gestación se encuentra en torno al 8% para situarse en el puerperio en un 53,3%.
Conclusiones
La descripción de la evolución de los signos y síntomas del embarazo descrita en los manuales de obstetricia no se corresponde con nuestros datos.
Palabras clave: Signos y síntomas del embarazo, Náuseas, Vómitos, Pirosis, Hemorroides
Abstract
Objective
To describe the evolution of the signs and more frequent gastrointestinal symptoms during the pregnancy and in the two weeks later the birth.
Methods
Subjets: 583 pregnant women, elects in an accidental way, interviewees between the 8 and 12 weeks of gestation (n = 133), among 18 and 22 (n = 155), among 37 and 42 (n = 203) and two weeks after the childbirth (n = 92) and coming from centers of health and hospitals of the Comunidad Valenciana and Murcia. The questionnaire, answered in a voluntary way by interview, it contained a listing on the signs and more frequent gastrointestinal symptoms during the pregnancy, and she answered on the presence or not of the same ones in the two weeks previous to the moment of the interview.
Results
The percentage of nauseas and vomits, although higher in the first trimester, stays around the 25–30% in the third gestation trimester. The heartburn is presented in 58.6% of the pregnant women in the third trimester. The sialorrea is presented in 7.7% of all the pregnant women and she stays during the whole gestation. The constipation stays constant during the gestation above at the 25–30%. The prevalence of haemorrhoids to the beginning of the gestation is over to 8% to be located in the postpartum in 53.3%.
Conclusions
The description of the evolution of the signs and symptoms of the pregnancy described in the obstetrics manuals don’t come up with our data.
Key words: Signs and symptoms of pregnancy, Nausea, Vomiting, Heartburn, Haemorrhoids
Footnotes
Este estudio forma parte de una investigación más amplia sobre la evolución de la calidad de vida en la mujer embarazada financiado por la Conselleria de Sanidad de la Comunidad Valenciana (017/1998).
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