Abstract
Objetivo
Adaptar al castellano el Inventario de Experiencias de Duelo (IED) de Catherine Sanders et al (1977) y estudiar su fiabilidad y validez.
Diseño
En dos fases: a) adaptación transcultural de un cuestionario, y b) estudio transversal con grupo control.
Emplazamiento
Equipos de atención primaria de Vizcaya.
Participantes
Un total de 147 personas que habían enviudado entre los 3 meses y 3 años anteriores al estudio y 36 que no habían perdido a ningún familiar directo en los 5 años previos.
Mediciones y resultados principales
El IED en inglés americano fue traducido, retrotraducido y finalmente revisado por Sanders y sus colaboradores, quienes valoraron la versión adaptada al castellano como equivalente al original. Fiabilidad: la consistencia interna de cada una de las escalas de duelo del IED (alfa de Cronbach) fue de 0,43-0,85. Validez factorial: el primer factor del IED adaptado resultó semejante al del original (desesperanza, somatización, enfado, culpa, despersonalización y aislamiento social). Validez discriminante: todas las escalas de duelo del IED, excepto la de ansiedad ante la muerte, discriminaron (p < 0,05) entre dolientes y no dolientes. Validez por hipótesis: las escalas del IED mostraron diferencias (p < 0,05) entre dolientes según sexo, edad, lugar del fallecimiento del cónyuge y tiempo transcurrido desde la muerte. Validez convergente: todas las escalas de duelo del IED correlacionaron positivamente (p < 0,05) con las del Inventario Texas Revisado de Duelo.
Conclusiones
El IED adaptado al castellano es equivalente al original y tiene una fiabilidad y validez similar.
Palabras clave: Duelo, Cuestionarios, Atención primaria de salud
Abstract
Objective
To adapt to Castilian the Inventory of Experiences of Grief (IEG) of Catherine Sanders et al. (1977) and study its reliability and validity.
Design
In two stages: cross-cultural adaptation of a questionnaire and cross-sectional study with control group.
Setting
Primary care teams in Vizcaya.
Participants
147 people bereaved in the period between 3 months and 3 years before the study, and 36 who had lost no direct family member in the previous 5 years.
Measurements and main results
The IEG in American English was translated, back-translated and finally reviewed by Sanders and her colleagues, whose valuation was that the Castilian version was the same as the original. Reliability: the internal consistency of each of the scales of grief on the IEG (Cronbach's alpha) ran from 0.43 to 0.85. Factor validity: the first IEG factor adapted was similar to the original one (despair, somatization, anger, blame, depersonalisation and social isolation). Discriminating validity: all the grief scales on the IEG, except anxiety in face of death, discriminated (p < 0.05) between grieving and not grieving. Validity by hypothesis: the IEG scales showed differences (p < 0.05) between the bereaved according to sex, age, place of death of the spouse and time elapsed since death. Convergent validity: all the IEG grief scales correlated positively (p < 0.05) with the scales in the Texas Revised Inventory of Grief.
Conclusions
The IEG adapted to Castilian is equivalent to the original and has similar reliability and validity.
Key words: Grief, Questionnaires, Primary health care
Footnotes
Este trabajo ha sido financiado por el Ministerio Español de Sanidad y Consumo, Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria, expediente n.° 94/1.063.
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