Abstract
Objetivo
Se pretende evaluar los determinantes de salud oral en los adolescentes escolarizados de Vitoria-Gasteiz.
Diseño
Estudio epidemiológico, descriptivo.
Participantes
Muestra aleatoria y representativa de 1.380 alumnos de colegios públicos y privados.
Emplazamiento
Vitoria-Gasteiz.
Mediciones y resultados principales
Se realiza una encuesta sobre salud bucodental autoadministrada. El 41,9% de los adolescentes se cepilla los dientes 3 o más veces al día, 2,2 ± 0,98 veces/día, siendo más frecuente en mujeres. Un 64% nunca usa seda dental y el 30,0% lo hace sólo a veces; además un 88,1% no ha utilizado colutorios para complementar la higiene oral. El consumo de pastelería industrial es de 0,74 ± 1,12 veces/día y el de golosinas de 1,58 ± 3,15 veces/día. Un 81,9% de los adolescentes valora su salud oral y dentaria lo mismo que la de otros órganos del cuerpo. El 63,5% no sabe si se añade algún compuesto al agua como medida preventiva de enfermedades dentarias, y un 83,2% de los que creen que sí se añade no saben de qué elemento se trata. El 66,7% ha acudido hace menos de un año al dentista y un 28,2% lleva más de un año sin hacerlo.
Conclusión
Los hábitos de salud oral de los adolescentes de Vitoria-Gasteiz presentan deficiencias que podrían corregirse mediante programas de educación para la salud y promoción del uso de los servicios odontológicos preventivos.
Palabras clave: Estudio descriptivo, Determinantes de salud oral, Adolescentes, Escolarizados
Abstract
Objective
To assess the factors determining oral health in adolescents in school at Vitoria (Gasteiz).
Design
Descriptive epidemiological study.
Participants
Randomised representative sample of 1,380 students from public and private schools.
Setting
Vitoria (Gasteiz).
Main measurements and results
A questionnaire on bucco-dental health was self-administered. 41.9% of the adolescents brushed their teeth three times or more a day (2.2 ( 0.98 times a day), with greater frequency in girls. 64% never used dental floss, and 30% did so only at times. 88.1% did not complement their oral hygiene with mouth-washes. Consumption of commercial cakes and pastries was 0.74 ( 1.12 times a day; and of sweets, 1.58 ( 3.15 times a day. 81.9% of the adolescents valued their mouth and dental health the same as the health of other organs of their bodies. 63.5% did not know whether any compound was added to the water as a preventive measure against dental disease; and 83.2% of those who thought something was added did not know what compound it was. 66.7% had been to the dentist during the previous year; 28.2% had not been for over a year.
Conclusion
The oral health habits of adolescents in Vitoria (Gasteiz) show deficiencies that could be corrected through Health Education Programmes and promotion of the use of preventive dental services.
Key words: Descriptive study, Determinants of oral health, Adolescents, School students
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