Abstract
Objetivo
Determinar la proporción de pacientes ancianos (≥ 65 años) adscritos al centro de salud estudiado, con alguna enfermedad crónica y que no fueron vacunados en la campaña antigripal 2001-2002, y conocer el porqué.
Diseño
Observacional, descriptivo, retrospectivo.
Emplazamiento
Centro de salud urbano del Área 19 de la Comunidad Valenciana.
Participantes
De los 29.757 habitantes adscritos (10,4% ancianos), se incluyó a 3.868 pacientes registrados en los programas de crónicos y a 2.980 en el de vacunación antigripal (VAG), y se encontró a 853 pacientes crónicos ancianos no vacunados.
Mediciones principales
Tasa de VAG en crónicos, ancianos y crónicos ancianos. Auditoría de historias clínicas para conocer las causas de la falta de vacunación en estos últimos.
Resultados
La tasa de VAG en los pacientes ancianos fue del 52,12% (intervalo de confianza [IC] del 95%, 50,4-53,9), en los pacientes crónicos fue del 26,96% (IC del 95%, 25,6-28,4) y en los pacientes ancianos crónicos del 54,43% (IC del 95%, 51,4-57,5).
De los 853 ancianos crónicos no vacunados, el 48,17% acudió al menos una vez al centro de salud durante la campaña de vacunación. El 27,34% hacía más de 1 año que no acudía al centro de salud y sólo en el 10,4% se había documentado la causa de la falta de vacunación.
Conclusiones
La cobertura de VAG en ancianos y crónicos es baja. Es posible intervenir en grupos accesibles de pacientes para incrementar la tasa de vacunación.
Palabras clave: Gripe, Vacunación, Ancianos, Enfermedades crónicas
Abstract
Objective
To determine the proportion of older patients (≥ 65 years) with chronic diseases served by the health center studied here who were not vaccinated during the 2001-2002 influenza vaccination campaign, and to find out why they were not vaccinated.
Design
Observational, descriptive, retrospective study.
Setting
The urban health center serving Area 19 in the Community of Valencia (eastern Spain).
Participants
Of the 29 757 inhabitants served by this center (10.4% ≥ 65 years), we included 3868 patients registered in chronic disease care programs and 2980 registered in the influenza vaccination program.We found 853 older patients with chronic diseases who were not vaccinated.
Main measures
Vaccination rate for patients with chronic diseases, for older patients, and for older patients with chronic diseases. Audit of the medical records to identify the reasons why some patients in the latter group were not vaccinated.
Results
The vaccination rates were 52.12% (95% CI, 50.4-53.9) for older patients, 26.96% (95% CI, 25.6-28.4) for patients with chronic diseases, and 54.43% (95% CI, 51.4-57.5) for older patients with chronic diseases. Of the 853 older patients with chronic diseases who were not vaccinated, 48.17% came to the center at least once during the vaccination campaign, 27.34% had not come to the center since more than 1 year before the campaign, and the cause for nonvaccination was recorded for only 10.4%.
Conclusions
Coverage for influenza vaccination in older patients with chronic diseases was low. Intervention to increase vaccination rates is possible in groups of patients for whom accessibility is good.
Key words: Influenza, Vaccination, Older people, Chronic diseases
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