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. 2020 Nov 23;14(5):1244–1259. doi: 10.1007/s12274-020-3179-9

Bioengineering of nano metal-organic frameworks for cancer immunotherapy

Gaowei Chong 1,2, Jie Zang 1, Yi Han 1, Runping Su 1, Nopphon Weeranoppanant 3,4,✉, Haiqing Dong 1,2,✉, Yongyong Li 1,✉
PMCID: PMC7686557  PMID: 33250971

Abstract

Immunotherapy techniques, such as immune checkpoint inhibitors, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapies and cancer vaccines, have been burgeoning with great success, particularly for specific cancer types. However, side effects with fatal risks, dysfunction in tumor microenvironment and low immune response rates remain the bottlenecks in immunotherapy. Nano metal-organic frameworks (nMOFs), with an accurate structure and a narrow size distribution, are emerging as a solution to these problems. In addition to their function of temporospatial delivery, a large library of their compositions, together with flexibility in chemical interaction and inherent immune efficacy, offers opportunities for various designs of nMOFs for immunotherapy. In this review, we overview state-of-the-art research on nMOFs-based immunotherapies as well as their combination with other therapies. We demonstrate that nMOFs are predominantly customized for vaccine delivery or tumor-microenvironment modulation. Finally, a prospect of nMOFs in cancer immunotherapy will be discussed.

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Keywords: cancer immunotherapy, nano metal-organic frameworks (nMOFs), bioengineering, vaccine delivery, tumor-microenvironment modulation

Acknowledgements

This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51773154, 31771090, 31971323 and 81871315), and Shanghai Science and Technology Innovation (18JC1414500). N. W. would like to acknowledge supports from both Burapha and VISTEC.

Contributor Information

Nopphon Weeranoppanant, Email: nopphon.we@eng.buu.ac.th.

Haiqing Dong, Email: inano_donghq@tongji.edu.cn.

Yongyong Li, Email: yongyong_li@tongji.edu.cn.

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