Table 2.
Summary of post-mortem examination.
| Source | Safety Measures | Histological Examination | Immunohistochemistry | Electron Microscopy | Others (Immunofluorescence, RNA-In Situ Hybridization, Post-Mortem Biochemistry) | Focus |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| [33] | NR | H&E | ACE2; CD3; CD4; CD8; CD15 | Y | NR | Lungs |
| [34] | Y | H&E; SFOG | pankeratin; CD68; CD3 | NR | Post-mortem biochemistry (PCR, procalcitonin) | Full |
| [35] | Y | H&E | CD3; CD4; CD8; CD20; CD68 | NR | NR | Full |
| [20] | Y | H&E | NR | Y | NR | Full |
| [19] | Y | H&E | CD61; CD3; CD4; CD8; ACE2 | Y | Immunofluorescence; RNA-ISH | Full |
| [11] | NR | H&E | CD3; CD4; CD8; CD68; TTF1; CK-7; p40; CK5/6 | Y | NR | Full |
| [18] | Y | H&E; Masson | CD68; CD3; CD45; CD61; TTF1; p40; MIB-1 | Y | NR | Full |
| [36] | Y | H&E; Masson | CD4, CD8, CD20, CD68, CD79 Factor VIII, TNF-alpha, IL6, ACE2 SARS nucleo-capsid protein | NR | NR | Lungs |
| [10] | Y | H&E | NR | NR | RNA-ISH | Full |
| [37] | NR | NR | NR | Y | NR | Kidneys |
| [38] | NR | H&E | CD4; CD8; CD61; CD31 | Y | Immunofluorescence | Heart, lungs |
| [39] | Y | H&E, van Gieson, PAS, Ziehl Nielsen, Grocott methenamine | CD3, CD20, CD68, TTF-1, pancytokeratine | NR | NR | Lungs |
| [40] | NR | H&E; Masson | NR | NR | NR | Adrenal glands |
| [41] | NR | H&E | NR | NR | NR | Lungs |
| [42] | Y | NR | NR | NR | NR | Full |
| [43] | Y | H&E | NR | NR | NR | Full |
| [44] | Y | H&E; aniline blue; Giemsa; periodic acid-Schiff; Congo red; Prussian blue; rhodamine; Gram, Brown-Brenn; Grocott methenamine silver stain | CD3; CD4; CD8; CD20; CD68; MUM1; TTF1; fibrin; ATTR | Y | NR | Full |
| [45] | NR | H&E | NR | NR | NR | Full |
| [46] | NR | NR | NR | Y | NR | CNS |
| [47] | NR | H&E; LFB/PAS; PLP | GFAP; APP | NR | NR | CNS |
| [48] | Y | H&E, Masson trichrome, PAS, Gomori-Grocott | Anti-CMV, anti-HSV, anti-Pneumocystis, nucleo-capsid protein | NR | NR | Full |
| [49] | NR | H&E | NR | NR | ISH | Kidneys |
| [50] | Y | H&E | NR | NR | NR | Full |
| [51] | NR | H&E | CD61; CD31; ACE2; SARS nucleo-capsid protein | Y | Immunofluorescence | Kidneys |
| [52] | NR | H&E; PAS | TTF1: CD68 | NR | NR | Full |
| [53] | NR | H&E | NR | NR | NR | Full |
| [54] | NR | H&E | caspase 3 | Y | NR | Full |
| [55] | Y | H&E; AB-PAS | CD68; CD3; CD4; CD8; CD20; CD56; PD-1; PD-L1; IL6; IL10; TNF-alpha; ACE-2; SARS-CoV2 Rp3 N protein | NR | NR | Full |
| [56] | NR | H&E | cytokeratin AE1/AE3 | NR | NR | Full |
| [57] | Y | H&E | NR | NR | NR | Full |
NR: not reported; H&E: hematoxylin and eosin; SFOG: acid fuchsin-orange G stain; GFAP: glial fibrillary acidic protein; APP: amyloid precursor protein; LFB/PAS: Luxol fast blue/periodic acid-Schiff; PLP: myelin proteolipid protein; AB-PAS: Alcian blue-periodic acid-Schiff; PCR: protein C reactive; TTF1: thyroid transcription factor; ACE-2: angiotensin converting enzyme 2; TNF-alpha: tumor necrosis factor-alpha; CK: cytokeratin; MIB-1: monoclonal antibody to Ki67; MUM1: Multiple Myeloma-1; ATTR: antibodies against transthyretin.