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MicroRNA (miRNA) biogenesis and mechanism of action. miRNAs are transcribed in the nucleus as primary miRNA (pri-miRNA) and then cleaved into precursor miRNA (pre-miRNA) by the DORSHA–DGCR8 microprocessor complex. Pre-miRNA is then processed in the cytoplasm by the DICER enzyme, forming a bioactive miRNA duplex which can be bound by the RNA-induced silencing complex ready to target the complementary mRNA for silencing.
