Table A1.
Significant one-year changes in fatty acid distribution according to the randomized treatment groups: n-3 vs. placebo.
| abs. Level at bl | abs. Change Y1−bl | % Change Y1−bl | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Placebo | n−3 Treatment | Placebo | n−3 Treatment | Placebo | n−3 Treatment | |
| RBC Assay | ||||||
| N | 84 | 75 | 74 | 63 | 74 | 63 |
| EPA | 0.5 (0.4:0.7) ‡ | 0.5 (0.4:0.7) | 0 (−0.1:0.1) | 0.7 (0.2:1.1) | −0.9 (−17.4:19) *** | 111.8 (45.4:237.7) *** |
| DHA | 4.7 (3.7:5.5) | 4.6 (4.1:5.2) | −0.1 (−0.4:0.3) | 1.7 (0.9:2.4) | −1.2 (−9.6:5.9) *** | 36.8 (17.2:56.3) *** |
| AA | 17.4 (16.2:18.3) | 17.3 (16.2:18.4) | 0 (−0.6:0.6) | −1.3 (−2.4:−0.2) | 0.3 (−3.4:3.6) *** | −7.7 (−12.6:−1.4) *** |
| o3i | 5.3 (4.2:6) | 5.1 (4.5:5.9) | −0.1 (−0.5:0.3) | 2.3 (1.2:3.2) | −1.7 (−10.4:5.5) *** | 50.7 (22.9:67.2) *** |
| o3:6i | 0.3 (0.2:0.4) | 0.3 (0.3:0.4) | 0 (−0.02−0.02) | 0.2 (0.1:0.2) | −1.7 (−8.7:7.4) *** | 62.8 (26.8:92.1) *** |
| Plasma PL Assay | ||||||
| N | 95 | 95 | 94 | 94 | 94 | 94 |
| EPA | 0.5 (0.4:0.6) | 0.5 (0.4:0.8) | 0 (−0.1:0.1) | 0.5 (0.1:1) | 0 (−20:33.3) *** | 83.3 (25:220) |
| DHA | 2.2 (1.8:2.6) | 2.1 (1.7:2.7) | 0 (−0.4:0.2) | 0.8 (0.3:1.2) | −1.4 (−16.7:13.3) *** | 39.6 (14:62.8) *** |
| AA | 10.2 (8.4:12.2) | 10.3 (8.6:11.9) | −0.2 (−1.1:1) | −0.7 (−1.6:0.2) | −2.5 (−10.1:10.2) ** | −7 (−15.1:2.7) ** |
| o3i | 2.8 (2.2:3.2) | 2.7 (2.2:3.6) | 0 (−0.4:0.3) | 1.3 (0.4:2.1) | 0 (−14.8:15.6) *** | 51 (18.8:80.9) *** |
| o3:6i | 0.2 (0.2:0.3) | 0.3 (0.2:0.3) | 0 (−0.02−0.03) | 0.2 (0:0.3) | 1.3 (−10.9:10.7) *** | 63.9 (15.9:110.7) *** |
| LCMS Assay | ||||||
| N | 100 | 99 | 100 | 98 | 100 | 98 |
| EPA | 0.5 (0.3:0.7) | 0.5 (0.3:0.8) | 0 (−0.2:0.2) | 0.4 (0.2:0.7) | −2.3 (−36.9:34) *** | 86.5 (31.5:182) *** |
| DHA | 2.2 (1.8:2.5) | 2.1 (1.8:2.7) | 0 (−0.3:0.4) | 0.5 (0:1) | 2.6 (−14.8:17.5) *** | 21.7 (1.4:44.4) *** |
| AA | 10.4 (9.1:12.1) | 10 (8.4:12.1) | 0.1 (−1.4:1.2) | 0.1 (−1.2:1) | 0.9 (−12.9:13.5) | 1.4 (−10.5:11.5) |
| o3i | 2.7 (2.2:3.1) | 2.6 (2.2:3.4) | 0 (−0.5:0.5) | 1 (0.3:1.7) | 0.6 (−17.7:21.2) *** | 36.6 (12:78.1) *** |
| o3:6i | 0.3 (0.2:0.3) | 0.3 (0.2:0.3) | 0 (−0.04−0.04) | 0.1 (0:0.2) | 1.5 (−12.5:15) *** | 39.6 (16.1:74.3) *** |
Median (interquartile range (IQR)); ‡ Levels of FAs shown are % of total FAs. For example, in the placebo group, RBC EPA, constituted a median of 0.5% of all RBC FAs at baseline with IQR of (0.4%:0.7%). *** 0 < p-value < 0.001; ** 0.001 ≤ p-value < 0.01; * 0.01 ≤ p-value < 0.05; because LCMS bioactive lipid assay reports relative concentrations, baseline levels of EPA, DHA, AA, o3i, o3:6i measured on LCMS oxylipins assay were shifted and rescaled to match their medians and standard deviations observed for measurements from PL assay. Assays: LCMS—high-throughput liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry of circulating free FAs, oxylipins and bioactive lipids from plasma; RBC—gas chromatography with flame ionization detection for red blood cells; PL—LCMS2 plasma phospholipids.