Figure 6.

Histopathological analysis showing the protective effect of linalool (50 and 100 mg/kg) on the kidney tissues challenged through cisplatin injection: representative photomicrographs of (I) hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, (II) Masson staining, and (III) periodic acid Schiff (PAS) staining, and (IV) quantitative assessment of tubular damage score. All values are expressed as mean ± SD. # indicates statistically significant from the normal control group, * denotes statistically significant from the cisplatin-only group, @ indicates statistically significant from the cisplatin + linalool 50 mg/kg group (p < 0.05) using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test. Renal injury was scored based on the proportion of damaged tubules in the kidney sample where 0 = normal kidney (no damage), 1 = minimal damage (less than 25% damage), 2 = mild damage (25–50% damage), 3 = moderate damage (50–75% damage), and 4 = severe damage (> 75% damage).