Table 1.
Active ingredients currently used in commercial fire ant baits in the USA.
| Active Ingredient | Source | Mode of Action |
|---|---|---|
| Abamectin | Natural compounds from bacterium Streptomyces avermitilis | Selective high-affinity binder to glutamate-gated chloride channels |
| Fipronil | Synthetic phenylpyrazole | Blocker of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-gated chloride channels and glutamate-gated chloride channels |
| Hydramethylnon | Synthetic trifluoromethyl aminohydrazone | Metabolic inhibitor. |
| Indoxacarb | Synthetic oxadiazine | Blocker of neuronal sodium channels |
| Metaflumizone | Synthetic semicarbazone | Blocker of neuronal sodium channels |
| Methoprene | Synthetic juvenile hormone analog | Insect growth regulator |
| Pyriproxyfen | Synthetic juvenile hormone analog | Insect growth regulator |
| Spinosad | Natural compounds from bacterium Saccharopolyspora spinosa | Disruptor of acetylcholine neurotransmission |