Table 1.
Arthritis-associated effects mediated by JNK subtypes.
| JNK1 | JNK2 | JNK3 | Reference | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Organ location | Ubiquitously | Ubiquitously | Limited | [77] |
| Ex. Brain, Heart, and Testis | ||||
| Knockout mice | Viable | Viable | Viable | [114,115,116] |
| Double knockout leads to embryonic lethality | ||||
| IL-17+ T cell production | Defective | Normal | Normal | [118] |
| Inflammatory cell infiltration into joints | + | − | − | [20] |
| Macrophage migration | + | − | − | [20] |
| CD86 expression | + | − | − | [110] |
| Development of arthritis and joint destruction | + | − | − | [110] |
| Osteoclastogenesis | + | − | − | [119] |
| RANKL-induced apoptosis | Protection | − | − | [119] |
| in bone marrow monocyte differentiation | ||||
| Mast cell degranulation | + | − | − | [120] |
+ stands for mediating the effect. − stands for mediating a negative effect, mediating no such effects or not yet examined.