Table 4.
Bivariate analysis of factors associated with the DOS categories.
| Variable | ON Categories (Based on the DOS) | p | Chi-Square Test | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Absence of ON (N = 210) Having a Score <25 |
At risk of ON (N = 13) Having a Score at 25–29 |
Presence of ON (N = 7) Having a Score ≥30 |
|||
| Clusters | 0.038 | 8.50 | |||
| Cluster 1 | 138 (66.0%) | 4 (20.8%) | 4 (57.1%) | ||
| Cluster 2 | 48 (23.0%) | 6 (46.2%) | 1 (14.3%) | ||
| Cluster 3 | 23 (11.0%) | 3 (23.1%) | 2 (28.6%) | ||
| Gender | 0.443 | 1.90 | |||
| Males | 160 (76.2%) | 11 (84.6%) | 4 (57.1%) | ||
| Females | 50 (23.8%) | 2 (15.4%) | 3 (42.9%) | ||
| Age | 26.66 ± 7.57 | 23.54 ± 2.33 | 27.86 ± 14.31 | 0.724 | - |
| Body Mass Index | 24.82 ± 5.35 | 23.59 ± 4.06 | 27.68 ± 5.77 | 0.257 | - |
| Cognitive restraint (TFEQ-R18) | 10.22 ± 2.80 | 12.23 ± 2.97 | 10.57 ± 1.72 | 0.042 | - |
| Uncontrolled eating (TFEQ-R18) | 9.00 ± 5.83 | 9.92 ± 3.77 | 13.57 ± 6.65 | 0.109 | - |
| Emotional eating (TFEQ-R18) | 3.37 ± 2.66 | 4.31 ± 1.97 | 4.14 ± 3.13 | 0.358 | - |
| Drive for thinness (EDI) | 3.99 ± 4.57 | 7.92 ± 5.98 | 6.57 ± 6.75 | 0.007 | - |
| Bulimia (EDI) | 2.57 ± 4.35 | 1.92 ± 2.36 | 6.28 ± 6.97 | 0.393 | - |
| Body dissatisfaction (EDI) | 8.20 ± 7.22 | 8.46 ± 8.78 | 10.14 ± 9.79 | 0.788 | - |
| Ineffectiveness (EDI) | 5.66 ± 5.06 | 3.84 ± 2.19 | 10.57 ± 8.06 | 0.017 | - |
| Perfectionism (EDI) | 4.96 ± 4.07 | 6.61 ± 2.75 | 5.43 ± 6.40 | 0.134 | - |
| Interpersonal distrust (EDI) | 4.14 ± 4.29 | 3.77 ± 3.54 | 6.86 ± 3.67 | 0.234 | - |
| Interoceptive awareness (EDI) | 4.27 ± 5.01 | 5.69 ± 4.46 | 9.00 ± 11.16 | 0.188 | - |
| Maturity fear (EDI) | 6.24 ± 5.41 | 8.08 ± 5.39 | 5.71 ± 7.50 | 0.484 | - |
| Total physical activity (IPAQ) | 2280.91 ± 2890.06 | 2843.24 ± 2465.07 | 3264.86 ± 3355.09 | 0.548 | - |
| Hoarding (OCI-R) | 3.06 ± 2.74 | 5.07 ± 2.69 | 3.71 ± 2.75 | 0.033 | - |
| Ordering (OCI-R) | 3.36 ± 2.88 | 5.23 ± 2.52 | 3.57 ± 2.57 | 0.075 | - |
| Mental neutralizing (OCI-R) | 1.40 ± 2.32 | 2.92 ± 3.33 | 2.43 ± 2.07 | 0.05 | - |
| Washing (OCI-R) | 2.18 ± 2.38 | 3.38 ± 2.87 | 3.00 ± 2.24 | 0.161 | - |
| Obsessing (OCI-R) | 1.99 ± 2.65 | 3.23 ± 2.92 | 3.57 ± 2.99 | 0.093 | - |
| Checking (OCI-R) | 3.70 ± 3.10 | 4.69 ± 3.25 | 4.86 ± 3.29 | 0.357 | - |
| Total OCI-R | 15.70 ± 12.44 | 24.54 ± 13.80 | 21.14 ± 11.00 | 0.029 | - |
ON: Orthorexia Nervosa; DOS: Düsseldorf Orthorexia Scale; TFEQ-R18: Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire; EDI: Eating Disorder Inventory; IPAQ: International Physical Activity Questionnaire; OCI-R: Obsessive Compulsive Inventory—Revised. Post hoc analysis: cognitive restraint (absence of ON vs. at risk of ON p = 0.037); Drive for thinness (absence of ON vs. at risk of ON p = 0.012); Ineffectiveness (absence of ON vs. presence of ON p = 0.037; at risk of ON vs. presence of ON p = 0.015); Hoarding (absence of ON vs. at risk of ON p = 0.031); Total OCI-R (absence of ON vs. at risk of ON p = 0.042). Numbers in bold indicate significant p-values.