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(A) Two-dimensional monolayer images of HeLa cells treated with core-shell upconverting nanoparticles surface-modified with silica, PEG-folic acid (FA/PEG), and TCPP (UCNP@SiO2@FA/PEG/TCPP) at predetermined time points (blue: nuclei, green: lysosomes, red: TCPP). (B) Bio-TEM images of HeLa cells treated with UCNP@SiO2@FA/PEG/TCPP. (C) In vitro spheroid model images (Z-stack of ten 20-μm slices) for predicting the cellular uptake of UCNP conjugates into three-dimensional tumor tissues.
