Table 2.
Sensitivity, specificity, and Tests Per Case (TPC) for each individual symptom computed on the discovery data (UK) cohort
| 3-day analysis | 7-day analysis | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sensitivity (%) | Specificity (%) | TPC | Sensitivity (%) | Specificity (%) | TPC | ||||||||
| Symptom | Age group | UK | US | UK | US | UK | US | UK | US | UK | US | UK | US |
| Headache | All | 66·8 | 70·9 | 52·4 | 49·7 | 76 | 30 | 75·6 | 81·0 | 48·3 | 45·4 | 70 | 29 |
| [18–54] | 67·8 | 73·8 | 50·7 | 48·6 | 67 | 27 | 76·9 | 83·3 | 46·2 | 43·1 | 62 | 27 | |
| [55+] | 63·1 | 67·6 | 55·8 | 50·7 | 111 | 34 | 71·2 | 78·4 | 52·6 | 47·5 | 102 | 31 | |
| Fatigue | All | 64·9 | 73·4 | 53·7 | 47·2 | 76 | 31 | 77·8 | 87·3 | 49·7 | 42·8 | 66 | 28 |
| [18–54] | 64·2 | 71·4 | 53·5 | 49·5 | 66 | 28 | 76·9 | 92·9 | 49·2 | 44·6 | 58 | 24 | |
| [55+] | 67·5 | 75·7 | 53·9 | 45·1 | 108 | 34 | 81·2 | 81·1 | 50·7 | 41·0 | 93 | 34 | |
| Sore throat | All | 47·3 | 36·7 | 59·1 | 59·1 | 92 | 47 | 54·8 | 49·4 | 55·8 | 55·9 | 82 | 38 |
| [18–54] | 48·6 | 45·2 | 56·1 | 53·8 | 83 | 40 | 55·3 | 54·8 | 52·4 | 49·9 | 76 | 36 | |
| [55+] | 42·9 | 27·0 | 65·4 | 64·2 | 127 | 60 | 53·1 | 43·2 | 62·9 | 61·6 | 107 | 41 | |
| Persistent cough | All | 35·9 | 55·7 | 86·3 | 76·5 | 41 | 18 | 43·4 | 65·8 | 84·6 | 73·1 | 37 | 18 |
| [18–54] | 35·8 | 50·0 | 85·6 | 78·2 | 37 | 18 | 42·9 | 61·9 | 83·8 | 74·4 | 34 | 17 | |
| [55+] | 36·1 | 62·2 | 87·6 | 74·9 | 55 | 19 | 45·4 | 70·3 | 86·2 | 71·8 | 47 | 19 | |
| Fever | All | 35·3 | 34·2 | 88·9 | 86·6 | 34 | 17 | 44·8 | 49·4 | 87·0 | 83·4 | 30 | 15 |
| [18–54] | 35·8 | 35·7 | 88·4 | 86·5 | 30 | 15 | 45·0 | 47·6 | 86·3 | 82·6 | 27 | 15 | |
| [55+] | 33·3 | 32·4 | 89·9 | 86·7 | 48 | 19 | 44·2 | 51·4 | 88·4 | 84·1 | 41 | 15 | |
| Myalgia | All | 32·2 | 43·0 | 86·1 | 82·9 | 46 | 17 | 43·8 | 59·5 | 84·2 | 79·6 | 37 | 15 |
| [18–54] | 32·8 | 42·9 | 86·2 | 85·1 | 39 | 14 | 44·8 | 61·9 | 84·2 | 81·8 | 32 | 12 | |
| [55+] | 30·2 | 43·2 | 85·7 | 80·8 | 75 | 21 | 40·4 | 56·8 | 84·1 | 77·6 | 61 | 19 | |
| Hoarse voice | All | 23·7 | 31·6 | 89·9 | 88·0 | 46 | 17 | 33·7 | 44·3 | 88·0 | 84·8 | 37 | 15 |
| [18–54] | 23·1 | 33·3 | 89·9 | 87·6 | 41 | 15 | 33·4 | 40·5 | 87·8 | 84·4 | 33 | 16 | |
| [55+] | 25·8 | 29·7 | 90·0 | 88·4 | 62 | 19 | 34·6 | 48·6 | 88·4 | 85·2 | 52 | 15 | |
| Skipped meals | All | 22·8 | 34·2 | 88·9 | 80·1 | 52 | 25 | 33·0 | 57·0 | 87·5 | 77·0 | 39 | 18 |
| [18–54] | 22·5 | 38·1 | 89·1 | 82·5 | 45 | 18 | 32·4 | 54·8 | 87·5 | 79·3 | 35 | 15 | |
| [55+] | 23·8 | 29·7 | 88·6 | 77·8 | 76 | 34 | 35·4 | 59·5 | 87·5 | 74·8 | 55 | 20 | |
| Chest pain | All | 22·5 | 21·5 | 89·1 | 86·3 | 52 | 27 | 33·7 | 32·9 | 87·4 | 83·0 | 39 | 22 |
| [18–54] | 23·1 | 14·3 | 88·6 | 85·9 | 46 | 38 | 34·3 | 28·6 | 86·6 | 81·3 | 35 | 26 | |
| [55+] | 20·6 | 29·7 | 90·1 | 86·7 | 76 | 21 | 31·5 | 37·8 | 88·9 | 84·5 | 54 | 19 | |
| Anosmia/ageusia | All | 21·8 | 13·9 | 96·1 | 95·7 | 20 | 14 | 48·7 | 46·8 | 95·4 | 94·7 | 10 | 6 |
| [18–54] | 22·9 | 9·5 | 95·8 | 95·4 | 17 | 19 | 51·3 | 47·6 | 95·0 | 94·2 | 9 | 6 | |
| [55+] | 17·5 | 18·9 | 96·7 | 96·0 | 30 | 10 | 39·2 | 45·9 | 96·2 | 95·1 | 16 | 6 | |
| Dyspnoea | All | 20·4 | 22·8 | 89·9 | 86·1 | 53 | 26 | 32·3 | 39·2 | 88·0 | 83·1 | 38 | 19 |
| [18–54] | 21·3 | 19·0 | 90·0 | 86·3 | 43 | 28 | 33·3 | 40·5 | 87·9 | 82·5 | 32 | 17 | |
| [55+] | 17·1 | 27·0 | 89·8 | 85·9 | 95 | 24 | 28·5 | 37·8 | 88·3 | 83·7 | 64 | 20 | |
| Diarrhoea | All | 19·1 | 19·0 | 82·5 | 76·8 | 97 | 51 | 27·1 | 38·0 | 80·3 | 72·9 | 74 | 30 |
| [18–54] | 19·7 | 16·7 | 82·5 | 76·9 | 81 | 53 | 28·0 | 38·1 | 80·1 | 72·7 | 63 | 28 | |
| [55+] | 16·7 | 21·6 | 82·5 | 76·6 | 165 | 50 | 23·8 | 37·8 | 80·8 | 73·0 | 123 | 33 | |
| Abdominal pain | All | 14·1 | 16·5 | 83·4 | 82·2 | 124 | 45 | 21·3 | 31·6 | 81·3 | 79·5 | 90 | 28 |
| [18–54] | 13·6 | 19·0 | 83·6 | 84·1 | 110 | 33 | 21·7 | 31·0 | 81·3 | 81·3 | 76 | 24 | |
| [55+] | 15·9 | 13·5 | 82·9 | 80·4 | 169 | 66 | 20·0 | 32·4 | 81·2 | 77·9 | 143 | 32 | |
| Delirium | All | 8·5 | 12·7 | 92·4 | 89·9 | 95 | 34 | 13·5 | 26·6 | 91·2 | 87·8 | 66 | 20 |
| [18–54] | 8·3 | 14·3 | 92·9 | 90·4 | 79 | 26 | 13·4 | 21·4 | 91·7 | 87·7 | 55 | 23 | |
| [55+] | 91 | 10·8 | 91·4 | 89·4 | 148 | 45 | 13·8 | 32·4 | 90·4 | 87·8 | 107 | 18 | |