Table 4.
Association between TWI dietary cadmium exposure (high vs. low) a at 1-year and kidney function parameters in 9-year-old children.
| Unadjusted | Adjusted b | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low CdD | High CdD | High CdD | |||
| n | β (95% CI) | n | β (95% CI) | ||
| SCr c (mg/dL) | 229 | Ref | −0.012 (−0.039, 0.013) | 208 | −0.003 (−0.031, 0.025) |
| Cystatin C (mg/L) | 274 | Ref | −0.051 (−0.110, 0.007) | 248 | −0.026 (−0.089, 0.036) |
| BUN (mg/dL) | 229 | Ref | −0.055 (−0.125, 0.014) | 208 | −0.011 (−0.081, 0.059) |
| eGFRSchwartz (ml/min/1.73m2) | 230 | Ref | 0.027 (−0.035, 0.090) | 209 | −0.003 (−0.072, 0.065) |
| eGFRCystatin C (ml/min/1.73m2) | 276 | Ref | 0.065 (0.004, 0.125) | 250 | 0.034 (−0.029, 0.098) |
a Tolerable Weekly Intake: High ≥2.5 µg/kg body weight, low: <2.5 µg/kg body weight. b adjusted for sex, age, z-score BMI, physical activity, secondhand smoke, and socioeconomic status. c Serum creatinine.