Table 3. Mean squares from combined ANOVA for grain yield and agronomic traits across optimal, managed drought and all environments in 2009 and 2010.
Optimal conditions | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
df | GY (t ha–1) | AD (days) | SD (days) | ASI (days) | EPP (no.) | PH (cm) | HC (%) | EA (1–5) | |
Environment (E) | 2 | 484.72*** | 7620.98*** | 5707.06*** | 159.01*** | 1.20*** | 24813.72*** | 1680.12*** | 6.74*** |
Rep (E) | 3 | 23.68*** | 11.34*** | 9.49** | 1.65 | 0.03* | 2594.12*** | 238.86* | 6.98*** |
Genotype | 79 | 5.72*** | 23.78*** | 24.62*** | 4.83*** | 0.02*** | 884.30*** | 585.55*** | 0.60*** |
F1 Hybrids | 77 | 5.15*** | 20.11*** | 21.46*** | 4.80*** | 0.02*** | 846.69*** | 593.34*** | 0.57*** |
GCA | 12 | 22.43*** | 103.16*** | 109.45 | 17.81*** | 0.04*** | 4110.23 | 1704.00 | 2.60*** |
SCA | 65 | 1.96* | 4.77*** | 5.21 | 2.40** | 0.01** | 244.19 | 388.30 | 0.19* |
Genotype 9 E | 158 | 2.79*** | 2.35* | 2.78** | 1.63 | 0.02*** | 209.94 | 156.90*** | 0.26*** |
F1 Hybrids 9 E | 154 | 2.71*** | 2.11 | 2.49* | 1.67 | 0.02*** | 184.64 | 160.46*** | 0.26*** |
GCA 9 E | 24 | 5.30 | 2.31*** | 8.73 | 2.72* | 0.03*** | 261.60 | 367.42 | 0.72*** |
SCA 9 E | 130 | 2.23 | 0.95 | 1.34 | 1.47 | 0.01* | 170.43 | 122.25 | 0.17* |
Error | 237 | 1.40 | 1.80 | 1.87 | 1.47 | 0.01 | 191.59 | 70.21 | 0.14 |
%GCA SS | 62 | 80 | 80 | 58 | 34 | 76 | 45 | 72 | |
%SCA SS | 38 | 20 | 20 | 42 | 66 | 24 | 55 | 28 |
Managed drought stress | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
df | GY (t ha–1) | AD (days) | SD (days) | ASI (days) | EPP (no.) | HC (%) | EA (1–5) | SEN (1–9) | |
Environment (E) | 1 | 62.22*** | 1344.80*** | 790.65*** | 73.15*** | 1.94*** | 565.52** | 23.65*** | 1.44*** |
Rep (E) | 2 | 9.95*** | 6.53*** | 30.92*** | 9.80* | 0.34*** | 54.61 | 7.66*** | 0.07*** |
Genotype | 79 | 1.38*** | 17.26*** | 30.62*** | 11.19*** | 0.06*** | 65.51 | 0.75*** | 0.02*** |
F1 Hybrids | 77 | 1.28** | 12.15*** | 22.07*** | 10.99*** | 0.05*** | 66.35 | 0.68*** | 1.94*** |
GCA | 12 | 3.88*** | 63.24*** | 108.26*** | 51.08*** | 0.16*** | 128.99* | 2.52*** | 7.91*** |
SCA | 65 | 0.80 | 2.72*** | 6.16*** | 3.59* | 0.03 | 54.78 | 0.34 | 0.84 |
Genotype 9 E | 79 | 0.67 | 1.88*** | 5.93** | 5.34** | 0.02 | 62.66 | 0.32 | 0.01 |
F1 Hybrids 9 E | 77 | 0.68 | 1.83*** | 5.21*** | 5.08*** | 0.03 | 63.92 | 0.33 | 0.8 |
GCA 9 E | 12 | 1.35* | 5.41*** | 14.15*** | 16.35*** | 0.03 | 83.51 | 0.57* | 0.79 |
SCA 9 E | 65 | 0.56 | 1.17* | 3.56 | 3.00 | 0.03 | 60.30 | 0.28 | 0.80 |
Error | 158 | 0.73 | 0.75 | 3.44 | 2.97 | 0.03 | 60.58 | 0.25 | 0.01 |
%GCA SS | 47 | 81 | 76 | 72 | 50 | 30 | 58 | 63 | |
%SCA SS | 58 | 19 | 24 | 28 | 50 | 70 | 42 | 37 |
Across environments | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
df | GY (t ha–1) | AD (days) | SD (days) | ASI (days) | EPP (no.) | HC (%) | EA (1–5) | df | PH (cm) | |
Environment (E) | 6 | 1617.05*** | 4831.37*** | 3192.23*** | 627.02*** | 2.54*** | 1907.84*** | 33.47*** | 5 | 341253.94** |
Rep (E) | 7 | 15.07*** | 20.88*** | 103.99*** | 13.43** | 0.12*** | 150.51* | 6.59*** | 6 | 3958.53*** |
Genotype | 79 | 4.07*** | 16.05*** | 85.07*** | 23.37*** | 0.05** | 559.71*** | 0.95*** | 79 | 1725.08*** |
F1 Hybrids | 77 | 3.87*** | 41.47*** | 66.44*** | 23.53*** | 0.05*** | 565.44*** | 0.90*** | 77 | 1723.20*** |
GCA | 12 | 16.55*** | 211.80*** | 324.03*** | 112.63*** | 0.16*** | 1715.30*** | 3.35*** | 12 | 8824.47*** |
SCA | 65 | 1.52*** | 10.03*** | 20.06*** | 6.50*** | 0.03* | 353.16*** | 0.45** | 65 | 412.19*** |
Genotype 9 E | 474 | 1.73*** | 1.33*** | 10.85*** | 6.91*** | 0.03*** | 157.20*** | 0.41*** | 395 | 249.07** |
F1 Hybrids 9 E | 462 | 1.62*** | 3.26** | 10.14*** | 6.76*** | 0.03*** | 160.21*** | 0.39*** | 385 | 228.46* |
GCA 9 E | 72 | 4.04*** | 5.20*** | 4.62 | 3.26 | 0.06*** | 355.93*** | 0.99*** | 72 | 302.32** |
SCA 9 E | 390 | 1.17** | 2.90* | 4.44 | 2.25 | 0.03** | 124.08*** | 0.28 | 325 | 169.72 |
Error | 553 | 0.90 | 2.59 | 6.54 | 4.00 | 0.02 | 76.32 | 0.27 | 474 | 199.15 |
%GCA SS | 67 | 80 | 75 | 76 | 50 | 47 | 58 | 80 | ||
%SCA SS | 33 | 20 | 25 | 24 | 50 | 53 | 42 | 20 |
AD days to anthesis, ASI anthesis-silking interval, EA ear aspect, EPP ears per plant, GY grain yield, HC husk cover, PH plant height, SD days to silking, SEN leaf senescence
Significant at the P < 0.05 level of probability
Significant at the P < 0.01 level of probability
Significant at the P < 0.001 level of probability