Abstract
目的
观察Ro52抗体与其他肌炎抗体共阳性的相关规律。
方法
回顾性分析2010—2016年在北京大学第一医院应用线性免疫印迹法检测的1 509例临床疑诊为炎症性肌病患者血清中11种肌炎特异性或相关性抗体(Jo-1、PL-7、PL-12、EJ、OJ、Mi-2、SRP、Ku、PM-Scl 75、PM-Scl 100、Ro52)的检查结果,分析Ro52抗体与其他肌炎抗体共阳性的相关规律,用SPSS 17.0以及Graph Pad PRISM软件进行统计学分析及作图。
结果
Ro52抗体阳性率达18.3%(276/1 509例),为最常检测出的肌炎抗体。Ro52抗体阳性的患者中有51.8%合并其他肌炎抗体,合并SRP抗体的比例最高(18.8%),其次为Jo-1抗体(13.0%)。除OJ抗体外,其他肌炎抗体阳性患者最常合并的另一种抗体均为Ro52,其共阳性率在PM-Scl 75阳性组最低(30.4%)、在EJ抗体阳性组最高(80.0%)。抗合成酶抗体阳性的患者有57.3%合并Ro52抗体,显著高于非抗合成酶抗体阳性的患者(35.2%,χ2=18.916,P < 0.001)。Jo-1抗体、EJ抗体以及SRP抗体阳性的患者中,Ro52抗体共阳性组的抗体谱带强度均显著高于相应的Ro52抗体阴性组(P < 0.05)。SRP抗体谱带强度与Ro52抗体谱带强度呈显著正相关(r=0.44,P=0.001)。
结论
Ro52抗体是其他肌炎抗体阳性患者常合并出现的一种抗体,尤其是抗合成酶抗体阳性的患者,是否合并出现Ro52抗体可能与该肌炎抗体的滴度相关。
Keywords: 自身抗体, 肌炎, 自身免疫疾病
Abstract
Objective
Anti-Ro52 antibodies are frequently co-occur with other myositis-specific and myositis-associated autoantibodies, we here to study this phenomenon in Chinese patients suspected with inflammatory myopathies.
Methods
In the study, 1 509 patients clinically suspected with inflammatory myopathies were tested for 11 kinds of myositis-specific and myositis-associated autoantibodies (including: anti-Jo-1, PL-7, PL-12, EJ, OJ, Mi-2, SRP, Ku, PM-Scl 75, PM-Scl 100, and Ro52 antibo-dies) by line-blot immunoassay from 2010 to 2016 in Peking University First Hospital. This retrospective study was to analyze these results to reveal the characteristics of anti-Ro52 antibodies co-occuring with other myositis autoantibodies. The data were analyzed using SPSS 17.0 and Graph Pad PRISM for Chi-square test, independent t-test, Pearson's correlation analysis, and drawing statistical graphs. Significance level was set at P < 0.05.
Results
The positive rate of anti-Ro52 antibodies was 18.3% (276/1 509 cases), which was the most frequently detected myositis antibodies in our center. 51.8% (143/276) of the patients with anti-Ro52 antibodies were combined with the other myositis antibodies, and the most common co-occurred antibodies were anti-SRP antibodies (18.8%, 52/276), and the second common co-occurred antibodies were anti-Jo-1 antibodies (13.0%, 36/276). Anti-Ro52 antibodies were the most common antibodies that co-occurred in other myositis antibodies positive patients except in anti-OJ antibodies positive group. The co-positive rate with anti-Ro52 antibodies was the lowest in anti-PM-Scl 75 positive group (30.4%, 31/102), and the highest in anti-EJ positive group (80.0%, 12/15). The positive rate of anti-Ro52 antibodies in anti-synthase antibodies (including anti-Jo-1, EJ, OJ, PL-7, and PL-12 antibodies) positive group was 57.3% (75/131), which was significantly higher than that in the other antibodies (including: anti-Mi-2, SRP, Ku, PM-Scl 75, and PM-Scl 100 antibodies) positive group with 35.2% (119/338) (χ2=18.916, P < 0.001). The intensity of anti-Jo-1, EJ, and SRP antibodies in the group of the patients that co-occurred with anti-Ro52 antibodies was significantly higher than that in the other group without anti-Ro52 antibodies respectively (P < 0.05). The intensity of anti-SRP antibodies was significantly correlated with that of anti-Ro52 antibodies (r=0.44, P=0.001).
Conclusion
Anti-Ro52 antibodies were commonly associated with other myositis-specific and myositis-associated autoantibodies, especially with anti-synthase antibodies, and the co-presence of anti-Ro52 antibodies may be correlated with the myositis antibody intensity.
Keywords: Autoantibodies, Myositis, Autoimmune diseases
Ro52抗体属于肌炎相关性抗体,是炎症性肌病患者的常见抗体之一,也常见于干燥综合征、系统性红斑狼疮、系统性硬化以及自身免疫性肝炎等其他自身免疫性疾病[1-3]。Ro52蛋白相对分子质量为52×103,含有一个锌指结构域、B-box基序以及N端的卷曲螺旋(coiled-coil)结构,属于三结构域(tripartite motif-containing, TRIM)蛋白家族成员之一,又称为TRIM21。Ro52具有泛素蛋白连接酶E3的作用,其抗体的具体致病机制尚不明确[4]。目前Ro52抗体的检测方法主要有酶联免疫吸附测定法(enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay,ELISA)和线性免疫印迹检测法(line-blot immunoassay,LIA),而后者具有较高的敏感性及特异性[5]。
Ro52抗体可以和肌炎特异性抗体同时出现,包括抗合成酶抗体、Mi-2以及抗信号识别颗粒(singnal recognition particle, SRP)抗体等,与炎症性肌病患者的肺间质纤维化及其严重程度可能有关[1]。既往研究发现,Ro52抗体在炎性肌病患者中的出现率约为28.6%(26.3%~31.2%),且各种类型炎症性肌病之间并无明显差异[1-2]。Jo-1抗体阳性患者比Jo-1抗体阴性患者合并Ro52抗体的阳性率更高[3, 6-8],而是否所有抗合成酶抗体都与Ro52抗体共阳性率高、Ro52抗体共阳性是否与肌炎抗体滴度有关等尚不明确。本研究通过回顾性分析1 509例临床疑诊为炎症性肌病患者的肌炎抗体检查结果,进一步探索Ro52抗体同其他肌炎抗体共阳性的相关规律。
1. 资料与方法
1.1. 研究对象
研究纳入自2010年1月至2016年12月临床疑诊为炎症性肌病、在北京大学第一医院神经免疫室行肌炎抗体检查的1 509例患者,其中男性720例,女性789例(男女比例1 : 1.1),平均年龄(43.3±19.9)岁(1~90岁)。
1.2. 抗体检查方法
采用商业化的LIA方法测定血清中的11种肌炎IgG抗体(德国欧蒙生物科技有限公司),包括7种肌炎特异性抗体[组氨酰-tRNA合成酶(Jo-1)、苏氨酰-tRNA合成酶(PL-7)、丙氨酰-tRNA合成酶(PL-12)、甘氨酰-tRNA合成酶(EJ)、异亮氨酰-tRNA合成酶(OJ)、SRP以及Mi-2抗体]以及4种肌炎相关性抗体[抗多发性肌炎硬皮病抗体(PM-Scl 100、PM-Scl 75)、Ku抗体以及Ro52抗体]。按商品说明书操作,将检测试剂膜条经过预处理、血清孵育、用酶标记的二抗孵育以及酶底物显色,最后通过EUROLineScan软件扫描记录谱带强度(band intensity)。谱带强度与免疫印迹反应线性条带的灰度值相关,按照既往研究结果,谱带强度大于10代表结果阳性[5, 9]。
1.3. 统计学分析
采用Excel软件录入原始数据,用SPSS 17.0以及Graph Pad PRISM软件进行统计分析及作图。计数资料以频数(百分比)表示,卡方检验用于比较不同肌炎抗体阳性组合并出现Ro52抗体的阳性率之间的差异,独立样本组间t检验用于比较合并Ro52抗体与不合并Ro52抗体两组之间肌炎抗体谱带强度之间的差异,Pearson相关性分析用于分析Ro52抗体谱带强度同其他肌炎抗体之间谱带强度之间的相关性,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2. 结果
1 509例临床疑诊为炎症性肌病患者的血清11种肌炎抗体检查结果发现,肌炎抗体总的阳性率为32.6%(492/1 509例),Ro52抗体为本组患者最常见的肌炎抗体,阳性率为18.3%(276/1 509例),抗SRP抗体则为肌炎抗体中第二常见、肌炎特异性抗体中最常见的抗体,阳性率为9.3%(141/1 509例),见图 1。
图 1.
1 509例临床疑诊为炎症性肌病患者血清中肌炎抗体的检出情况
The myositis antibodies in serum samples of 1 509 patients suspected with idiopathic inflammatory myopathies
表 1显示,276例Ro52抗体阳性的患者中有143例(51.8%)合并其他肌炎抗体,其中最常合并SRP抗体(52例,18.8%),其次为Jo-1抗体(36例,13.0%)。在其他肌炎抗体阳性的患者中,除OJ抗体最常合并出现PM-Scl 75抗体以外,最常合并出现的肌炎抗体均为Ro52抗体,共阳性率最高出现于EJ抗体阳性的患者中(80.0%,12/15例)、最低出现于PM-Scl 75抗体阳性的患者中(30.4%,31/102例)。在抗合成酶抗体(包括Jo-1、EJ、OJ、PL-7及PL-12抗体)阳性患者中,Ro52抗体的共阳性率显著高于非抗合成酶抗体(包括SRP、Mi-2、Ku、PM-Scl 75、PM-Scl 100抗体)阳性组[57.3% (75/131例) vs. 35.2% (119/338例),χ2=18.916, P<0.001]。在各个抗合成酶抗体阳性组中,Ro52抗体共阳性率均高于非抗合成酶抗体组,但OJ抗体阳性组和PL-7抗体阳性组与非抗合成酶抗体组相比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。
表 1.
肌炎抗体之间共阳性的频数及频率
The frequency of co-positive of myositis antibodies n (%)
| Antibodies | Jo-1 | EJ | OJ | PL-7 | PL-12 | SRP | Mi-2 | Ku | PM-Scl 75 | PM-Scl 100 | Ro52 |
| Jo-1 (n=61) | - | 1 (1.6) | 2 (3.3) | 0 | 0 | 6 (9.8) | 4 (6.6) | 1 (1.6) | 6 (9.8) | 1 (1.6) | 36 (59.0) |
| EJ (n=15) | 1 (6.7) | - | 1 (6.7) | 1 (6.7) | 2 (13.3) | 2 (13.3) | 1 (6.7) | 2 (13.3) | 2 (13.3) | 1 (6.7) | 12 (80.0) |
| OJ (n=12) | 2 (16.7) | 1 (8.3) | - | 0 | 1 (8.3) | 3 (25.0) | 2 (16.7) | 1 (8.3) | 8 (66.7) | 1 (8.3) | 5 (41.7) |
| PL-7 (n=27) | 0 | 1 (3.7) | 0 | - | 0 | 3 (11.1) | 1 (3.7) | 4 (14.8) | 7 (25.9) | 1 (3.7) | 12 (44.4) |
| PL-12 (n=16) | 0 | 2 (12.5) | 1 (6.3) | 0 | - | 2 (12.5) | 1 (6.3) | 3 (18.8) | 0 | 0 | 10 (62.5) |
| SRP (n=141) | 6 (4.3) | 2 (1.4) | 3 (2.1) | 3 (2.1) | 2 (1.4) | - | 2 (1.4) | 8 (5.7) | 22 (15.6) | 3 (2.1) | 52 (36.9) |
| Mi-2 (n=26) | 4 (15.4) | 1 (3.8) | 2 (7.7) | 1 (3.8) | 1 (3.8) | 2 (7.7) | - | 4 (15.4) | 6 (23.1) | 3 (11.5) | 10 (38.5) |
| Ku (n=43) | 1 (2.3) | 2 (4.7) | 1 (2.3) | 4 (9.3) | 3 (7.0) | 8 (18.6) | 4 (9.3) | - | 10 (23.3) | 1 (2.3) | 16 (37.2) |
| PM-Scl 75 (n=102) | 6 (5.9) | 2 (2.0) | 8 (7.8) | 7 (6.9) | 0 | 22 (21.6) | 6 (5.9) | 10 (9.8) | - | 8 (7.8) | 31 (30.4) |
| PM-Scl 100 (n=26) | 1 (3.8) | 1 (3.8) | 1 (3.8) | 1 (3.8) | 0 | 3 (11.5) | 3 (11.5) | 1 (3.8) | 8 (30.8) | - | 10 (38.5) |
| Ro52 (n=276) | 36 (13.0) | 12 (4.3) | 5 (1.8) | 12 (4.3) | 10 (3.6) | 52 (18.8) | 10 (3.6) | 16 (5.8) | 31 (11.2) | 10 (3.6) | - |
将各组肌炎抗体阳性患者分为Ro52抗体阳性组以及阴性组,比较两组间的谱带强度发现,除Ku抗体外,血清Ro52抗体阳性组肌炎抗体的谱带强度平均值均较高,但统计学分析发现,仅Jo-1抗体、EJ抗体及SRP抗体阳性的3组患者,合并Ro52抗体阳性者的血清相应抗体谱带强度显著高于不合并Ro52抗体组(P<0.05, 图 2)。在Ro52抗体共阳性的肌炎抗体组,Ro52抗体谱带强度同其相应的共阳性肌炎抗体谱带强度的相关性分析提示,SRP抗体的谱带强度与Ro52抗体的谱带强度呈显著正相关(r=0.44,P=0.001),而其他抗体谱带强度的相关性分析均无统计学意义(图 3)。
图 2.
Ro52抗体阳性与Ro52抗体阴性两组间肌炎抗体谱带强度的比较
The intensity of myositis antibodies in the two groups of patients with or without co-occurred anti-Ro52 antibodies
图 3.
Ro52抗体与Jo-1抗体、SRP抗体和PM-Scl 75抗体之间谱带强度的相关性分析
Association of band intensity between anti-Ro52 and anti-Jo-1, anti-SRP, and anti-PM-Scl 75
3. 讨论
本研究对1 509例临床疑诊为炎症性肌病患者的血清11种肌炎抗体检查结果进行了回顾性研究,分析了Ro52抗体和其他肌炎抗体共阳性的相关规律,证实Jo-1抗体阳性的患者常合并出现Ro52抗体,共阳性率高达59%。既往本中心曾报道16例Jo-1综合征患者的临床病理表现,发现31.2%的患者合并Ro52抗体,而既往文献报道Jo-1抗体合并Ro52抗体的比例为40%~72%[3, 7, 10-12],共阳性率的不同可能与患者入组标准以及检测方法不同有关。本组患者抗合成酶抗体阳性者合并Ro52抗体的比例为57.3%,显著高于非抗合成酶抗体组(34.9%),尤其在EJ抗体组,Ro52抗体共阳性率高达80.0%。国外文献报道,EJ、OJ、PL-7以及PL-12等抗体合并Ro52抗体的比例为33%~100%[7, 12],提示该现象并非Jo-1抗体独有,可能是所有抗合成酶抗体阳性患者的共同特点。
Ro52同其他TRIM家族蛋白一样,具有泛素蛋白酶E3的活性和功能,其作用底物有干扰素调节因子3、5、7、8,提示可能因此调节干扰素1以及细胞因子的信号通路,导致免疫系统异常。此外,Ro52还作为胞浆内免疫球蛋白Fc段受体参与免疫反应,以及与细胞凋亡和调节细胞氧化应激等有关,但Ro52抗体的具体致病机制尚不明确[2]。抗合成酶以及Ro52并无骨骼肌组织特异性,虽同为胞质内抗体但并无直接联系[8]。
Ro52抗体同其他肌炎抗体共阳性的机制目前也尚不明确,可以肯定的是Ro52抗体共阳性并不是肌炎抗体间的交叉反应造成的假象[3, 8]。Ro52抗体最常与抗合成酶抗体共阳性,提示两种类型的抗体可能在免疫反应的某个途径中同时受累。既往研究多以是否合并Ro52抗体的定性研究为主,本研究采用LIA法,用谱带强度来分析,虽精确性欠佳,但谱带强度基本能反映抗体滴度[9]。本研究发现,合并Ro52抗体组肌炎抗体谱带的强度更高,且SPR抗体谱带强度与Ro52抗体谱带强度呈显著正相关,提示Ro52抗体的共阳性可能与抗体滴度有关,可能对Ro52抗体共阳性机制提供研究线索。既往研究也发现,Ro52抗体高滴度的患者病情更重、进展更快[13],佐证了抗体滴度在发病机制中的作用。
本研究因纳入所有行肌炎抗体检查的临床疑诊为炎症性肌病的患者,故样本量较大,但因多为门诊患者,没有详尽的临床资料辅助分析,未能进一步明确这些患者的最终诊断以及合并Ro52抗体的临床意义,是本研究的不足。
既往Ro52抗体和Ro60抗体并称为SS-A/Ro抗体,随后的研究发现Ro52抗体和Ro60(SS-A)抗体为相互独立的不同抗体,具有不同的临床意义。Ro52抗体比Ro60(SS-A)抗体更常见于系统性硬化以及炎症性肌病的患者[2, 14-16]。本组疑诊为炎症性肌病的患者有18. 3%出现Ro52抗体,为最常检测出的肌炎抗体。以往有文献综述报道,在明确诊断为炎症性肌病的患者中,Ro52抗体的阳性率更高,为28.6%(26.3%~31.2%,374/1 306例)[2]。既往研究发现,合并Ro52抗体与否与患者的年龄、性别以及是否有吞咽困难等无关,而出现Ro52抗体的患者可能更容易合并技工手、雷诺现象、关节炎、恶性肿瘤以及间质性肺病等[10, 17-18]。此外,合并高滴度Ro52抗体的Jo-1综合征患者常对环磷酰胺、环孢霉素以及硫唑嘌呤等传统免疫抑制剂耐药,而利妥昔单抗治疗有效[10, 13]。
本研究发现,除抗合成酶抗体外,SRP抗体、Mi抗体等肌炎特异性抗体合并Ro52抗体阳性率均在30%以上,而这些抗体与Ro52抗体共阳性的患者临床表型以及对药物治疗是否有差异尚有待进一步研究。
综上,本研究进一步证实包括Jo-1抗体在内的抗合成酶抗体阳性患者最常合并Ro52抗体,其他非抗合成酶抗体阳性的患者(如SRP抗体阳性患者)也常合并出现Ro52抗体,是否合并Ro52抗体可能与肌炎抗体滴度有关,具体机制尚不明确。
Funding Statement
北京大学第一医院科研种子基金(2018SF033)
Supported by the Scientific Research Seed Fund of Peking University First Hospital (2018SF033)
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