Abstract
Cladosporium cladosporioides is one of the most isolated species in the genus Cladosporium and has a wide medical and industrial usage. Here, we first report the complete mitogenome of C. cladosporioides based on the Illumina sequencing data. The circular mitogenome is 36,768 bp in length, containing 14 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 2 ribosomal RNA (rns and rnl) genes, 2 ORFs (ORF214 and ORF240), and a set of 28 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes. The overall base composition is 35.7% A, 34.0% T(U), 15.3% C, 15.0% G, with a GC content of 30.3%. Phylogenetic analysis shows that C. cladosporioides is clustered in the order Capnodiales and is closely related to the congeneric species Cladosporium zixishanense of Cladosporiaceae.
Keywords: Cladosporium cladosporioides, mitochondrial genome, phylogenetic analysis
The genus Cladosporium, belonging to Cladosporiaceae (Capnodiales, Dothideomycetes), was built by Link in 1815. Species of Cladosporium occur on various hosts or substrates and are most frequently isolated from outdoor and indoor environments, other spoiled organic matters and are considered as food contaminants (Dixon and Polak-Wyss 1991; De Hoog et al. 2000; San-Martin et al. 2005). Cladosporium cladosporioides is one of the most isolated species in the genus Cladosporium as plant and animal pathogens that are ubiquitous in the environment. Additionally, C. cladosporioides has a wide medical and industrial usage owing to the existence of bioactive compounds, enzymes, and chlorpyrifos hydrolase (AlMatar and Makky 2016). The C. cladosporioides complex has been widely examined and phylogenetically analyzed on the basis of multiple nuclear genes (Bensch et al. 2010). However, the genomic information about this important fungus C. cladosporioides is lacking. This work aims to report the complete mitogenomic characterization of C. cladosporioides assembled from Illumina sequencing data and to validate its phylogenetic position in Capnodiales.
Cladosporium cladosporioides strain YFCC 8621 used in this study was isolated from a salt mine in Yunlong county of Yunnan, southwestern China (25°53′13.54′′N, 99°22′07.10′′E, alt. 1639 m). The strain YFCC 8621 was deposited at the Yunnan Fungal Culture Collection (YFCC), Yunnan University. Mycelia on PDA plates at 25 °C for 2 weeks were prepared to extract total genomic DNA using DNeasy Plant Genomic DNA Purification Mini Kit (QIAGEN). The whole-genome sequencing was carried out by Novogene Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China) on the Illumina sequencing platform (HiSeq-PE150). The software SPAdes v. 3.11.0 was used to assemble the complete mitogenome of C. cladosporioides (Bankevich et al. 2012). The mitogenome was annotated using MFannot tool and ARWEN web server, combined with artificial correction technology. The Organellar Genome DRAW tool was used to draw the mitogenomic circular map (Lohse et al. 2007).
The complete mitogenome sequence of C. cladosporioides was submitted to GenBank database under accession number no. MN 661341. The circular mitogenome is 36,768 bp in length, containing 14 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 2 ribosomal RNA (rns and rnl) genes, 2 ORFs (ORF214 and ORF240), and a set of 28 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes. The total length of the 14 PCGs (atp6, 8–9, cob, cox1–3, nad1–6, and nad4L) is 12,893 bp. The lengths of 28 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes are ranging from 71 to 88 bp, and the sizes of rns and rnl are 1648 bp and 3652 bp, respectively. The sizes of ORF214 and ORF240 are 645 bp and 723 bp, respectively. The overall base composition of C. cladosporioides YFCC 8621 is as follows: 35.7% A, 34.0% T(U), 15.3% C, 15.0% G, with a GC content of 30.3%.
Mitogenomic sequences of 22 species in Ascomycota were downloaded from NCBI. The 14 PCGs were aligned using MUSCLE (Edgar 2004). The phylogenetic tree was constructed on the base of Bayesian inference (BI) method with the software MrBayes v.3.1.2 (Ronquist and Huelsenbeck 2003). The BI analysis was run on the MrBayes v.3.1.2 for 5 million generations using the GTR + G + I model. The phylogenetic tree showed that C. cladosporioides is clustered in the order Capnodiales and is closely related to the congeneric species Cladosporium zixishanense of Cladosporiaceae (Figure 1).
Figure 1.
Phylogenetic relationships among 23 taxa in Ascomycota based on BI analysis from 14 concatenated mitochondrial protein-coding genes (PCGs). The BI posterior probabilities are shown above internodes.
Funding Statement
This work was jointly funded by the Project of Yunnan University Service Yunnan Action Plan [KS161020], and the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation [2017M613017], and the Department of Science and Technology of Yunnan Province [2018IA075, 2018FY001(-006)].
Disclosure statement
No potential conflict of interest was reported by the authors.
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