Table 1.
Demographic Characteristics for the Sample
| Controls (n = 57) | PTSDw/outEDS (n = 26) | PTSDwEDS (n = 22) | F/χ 2 | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years, M (SD) | 35.2 (11.2) | 37.7 (9.5)* | 43.9 (10.8)* | 5.20 | .007 |
| Sex, male, n (%) | 47 (82.5) | 20 (76.9) | 16 (72.7) | 1.00 | .606 |
| Race, n (%) | 9.68 | .469 | |||
| White | 44 (77.2) | 18 (69.2) | 13 (59.1) | ||
| Black or African American | 5 (8.8) | 5 (19.2) | 6 (27.3) | ||
| Asian | 4 (7.0) | 1 (3.8) | 1 (4.5) | ||
| Other/unknown | 4 (7.0) | 2 (7.7) | 1 (4.5) | ||
| Military status, n (%) | 14.97 | .060 | |||
| Active duty military | 46 | 14 | 14 | ||
| Reserve component | 2 | — | 1 | ||
| National guard | — | 1 | 1 | ||
| Retired from military | 8 | 6 | 5 | ||
| Veteran | 1 | 5 | 1 | ||
| Antidepressant/anxiety medications, yes, n (%) | 9 (15.7) | 19 (73.1)* | 18 (81.8)* | 40.14 | <.001 |
| Sleep medications, yes, n (%) | 5 (8.8) | 4 (15.4) | 5 (22.7) | 2.80 | .246 |
| Depression, yes, n (%) | 3 (5.3) | 23 (88.5)* | 21 (95.5)* | 78.91 | <.001 |
| BMI, M (SD) | 26.7 (3.3) | 29.2 (4.9)* | 29.0 (4.7)* | 4.78 | .010 |
| TBI | 23 (40.4) | 26 (100)* | 22 (100)* | 42.34 | <.001 |
| TSLI years, M (SD) | 16.0 (12.7) | 9.6 (9.6) | 9.9 (11.4) | 2.44 | .095 |
BMI, body mass index; TBI, traumatic brain injury; TSLI, time since the last injury.
*Denotes significant differences from the Control group in post hoc comparisons of p < .05. It is noted that there were no significant differences between the PTSD groups (with and without EDS) in any of the comparisons.