Table 1.

Targeting canonical and noncanonical NF-κB signaling pathways through pharmacological compounds.

Pathway Target	Pharmacological compounds	Model system	References
Canonical NF-κB	Bryostatin-1 and analogs (bryologs)	A, B, E, F, H (NCT02269605)	DeChristopher et al., 2012; Gutierrez et al., 2016; Marsden et al., 2017; Marsden et al., 2018
	Phorbol esters •Prostratin and analogs •4β-dPE A	B, D, E A, B, C, D, E	Beans et al., 2013; Marsden et al., 2018 De la Torre-Tarazona et al., 2020
	Gnidimacrin	A, D	Huang Li et al., 2011; Lai W, et al., 2015
	Ingenol-3-hexanoate (IngB) Ingenol-3-angelate (PEP005) Ingenol-3,20-dibenzoate (IDB) and other synthesized ingenol derivatives	A, B, C, E A, C, E, H A, E	José et al., 2014; Jiang et al., 2014 Jiang et al., 2015; Jiang et al., 2019 Spivak et al., 2015; Spivak AM et al., 2018
	Benzolactam derivatives	A, B, E	Matsuda et al., 2019
	Mukungulu	A, H	Tietjen et al., 2018
	Kansui and its derivatives	A, D, E, H (NCT02531295)	Cary, Fujinaga, and Peterlin, 2016; Lee et al., 2019; Yang et al., 2019
Noncanonical NF-κB	SMAC mimetics (SMACm) •Debio 1143/AT-406 •AZD5582 •SBI-0,637,142 •LCL161 •BV6 •SM164 •Birinapant •GDC-0152 •Embelin	A, C, D, E, F E, F, G A, C C A, C A, C A, E	Bobardt et al., 2019; Bobardt et al., 2020 Pache et al., 2015; Sampey et al., 2018; Nixon et al., 2020 Pache et al., 2015; Pache et al., 2015; Hattori et al., 2018; Campbell et al., 2018; Sampey et al., 2018
Experimental model system: A – cell line of HIV latency, in vitro B – PBMCs isolated from healthy blood donors, ex vivo C – Primary CD4+ T cells isolated from healthy blood donors, ex vivo D – PBMCs isolated from HIV-positive patients, ex vivo E – Primary CD4+ T cells isolated from HIV-positive patients, ex vivo F – BLT (bone marrow, liver, thymus) humanized mouse model, in vivo G – ART-suppressed SIV-infected rhesus macaques, in vivo H – ART-suppressed HIV-positive individuals, in vivo