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. 2020 Dec 1;63(12):1833–1849. doi: 10.1007/s11427-020-1859-y

Antibody response and therapy in COVID-19 patients: what can be learned for vaccine development?

Ligong Lu 1,✉, Hui Zhang 2, Meixiao Zhan 1, Jun Jiang 3, Hua Yin 1, Danielle J Dauphars 4, Shi-You Li 3, Yong Li 1, You-Wen He 4,✉
PMCID: PMC7756132  PMID: 33355886

Abstract

The newly emerged severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has infected millions of people and caused tremendous morbidity and mortality worldwide. Effective treatment for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) due to SARS-CoV-2 infection is lacking, and different therapeutic strategies are under testing. Host humoral and cellular immunity to SARS-CoV-2 infection is a critical determinant for patients’ outcomes. SARS-CoV-2 infection results in seroconversion and production of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. The antibodies may suppress viral replication through neutralization but might also participate in COVID-19 pathogenesis through a process termed antibody-dependent enhancement. Rapid progress has been made in the research of antibody response and therapy in COVID-19 patients, including characterization of the clinical features of antibody responses in different populations infected by SARS-CoV-2, treatment of COVID-19 patients with convalescent plasma and intravenous immunoglobin products, isolation and characterization of a large panel of monoclonal neutralizing antibodies and early clinical testing, as well as clinical results from several COVID-19 vaccine candidates. In this review, we summarize the recent progress and discuss the implications of these findings in vaccine development.

Keywords: COVID-19, seroconversion, neutralizing antibody, spike protein, SARS-CoV-2, convalescent plasma, vaccine

Acknowledgements

This work is supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFA0205200), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81571785, 81771957, 81901857, 81801811), Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province, China (2018A030313074) to Dr. Ligong Lu, the Zhuhai Municipal Science and Technology Foundation (ZH22046301200004PWC) to Dr. Shi-You Li, and the Sunny Li Family fund to You-Wen He.

Footnotes

Compliance and ethics

You-Wen He and Shi-You Li are shareholders of tricision Biotherapeutic Inc.

Contributor Information

Ligong Lu, Email: luligong1969@126.com.

You-Wen He, Email: youwen.he@duke.edu.

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