Table 8.
Results of logistic regression analysis of selected lifestyle behaviors and overweight/obesity status relative to high versus low breakfast intake frequency among Saudi children, while adjusted for age, gender, and socio-demographic factors (N = 1138).
| Variable | Breakfast Intake (<5 Days/Week Versus 5 + Days/Week) * | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| aOR | (95% CI) | SEE | p-Value | |
| Age | 1.008 | 0.934–1.088 | 0.039 | 0.837 |
| Gender (girls = ref) | 1.00 | |||
| Boys | 1.026 | 0.79401.326 | 0.131 | 0.843 |
| No. of family member in the house (high = ref) | 1.00 | |||
| Low number | 1.053 | 0.797–1.392 | 0.142 | 0.715 |
| Paternal age (older age = ref) | 1.00 | |||
| Younger age | 0.937 | 0.774–1.135 | 0.098 | 0.507 |
| Maternal age (older age = ref) | 1.00 | |||
| younger age | 0.953 | 0.755–1.202 | 0.119 | 0.684 |
| Paternal education (high = ref) | 1.00 | |||
| Low education | 1.212 | 1.020–1.440 | 0.088 | 0.029 |
| Maternal education (high = ref) | 1.00 | |||
| Low education | 1.212 | 1.003–1.464 | 0.096 | 0.046 |
| Family income (> low = ref) | 1.00 | |||
| High income | 0.964 | 0.808–1.151 | 0.090 | 0.688 |
| No. of children in the family (high = ref) | 1.00 | |||
| Low number of children | 0.848 | 0.673–1.069 | 0.118 | 0.163 |
| Screen time (high = ref) | 1.00 | |||
| Low screen time | 1.026 | 0.784–1.344 | 0.138 | 0.849 |
| Sleep duration (sufficient = ref) | 1.00 | |||
| Insufficient sleep | 0.735 | 0.567–0.951 | 0.132 | 0.019 |
| Physical activity (active = ref) | 1.00 | |||
| Inactive | 0.899 | 0.636–1.271 | 0.177 | 0.548 |
| Overweight or obesity (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 = ref) | 1.00 | |||
| BMI < 25 kg/m 2 | 1.333 | 1.015–1.752 | 0.139 | 00.039 |
* Less than 5 days/week of breakfast intake was used as a reference category. aOR = adjusted odds ratio; CI = confidence interval; ref = reference category; SEE = standard error.