Figure 3.

Effects of camphene (CA) on H₂O₂–induced atrophy of L6 skeletal muscle cells. L6 skeletal muscle cells were cultured in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) supplemented with horse serum (1%) and treated with H₂O₂ (500 μM) in the presence or absence of camphene (300 μM) for 24 h. UN: untreated group; H₂O₂: the group is treated with H₂O₂; H₂O₂ + CA: the group is treated with camphene and H₂O₂. (a) Effects of various H₂O₂ concentrations on L6 cell viability; (b) L6 cell viability in the UN, H₂O₂, and H₂O₂ + CA samples; (c) expression of atrogin-1 mRNA, expression levels were normalized to β-actin; (d) immunocytochemistry assay with Mito Tracker^TM Red FM (red color); (e) immunocytochemistry assay with 8-OXG antibody (green color). DAPI, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; expression of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism genes in the UN, H₂O₂, and H₂O₂ + CA samples; all data are expressed as mean relative percentages compared with the UN ± standard deviations. * p < 0.05 vs. UN; ^# p < 0.05 vs. H₂O₂.