Figure 5.

The effect of camphene on lipid metabolism in hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)-stimulated L6 skeletal muscle cells and starved rats. (a–e) Expression of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism genes in the UN, H₂O₂, and H₂O₂ + CA. Expression levels were normalized to β-actin. * p < 0.05 vs. UN; ^# p < 0.05 vs. H₂O₂; (f,g) tomographic images of L6 cells treated with H₂O₂ with and without camphene. Red indicates lipids; UN: untreated group; H₂O₂: the group is treated with H₂O₂ (500 μM) for 24 h; H₂O₂ + CA: the group is treated with camphene (300 μM) and H₂O₂ (500 μM) for 24 h. * p < 0.05 vs. UN; ^# p < 0.05 vs. H₂O₂; (h,i) respiratory exchange ratios of the UN, ST, and ST + CA over (h) 24 h and (i) change in mean respiratory exchange rate over 3 days (n = 8). UN: untreated group; ST: starved group; ST + CA: the group is starved and treated with camphene. * p < 0.05 vs. UN; ^# p < 0.05 vs. ST; all data are expressed as mean percentages relative to the UN ± standard deviations.